Deoxy sugars are
sugars that have had a
hydroxyl group replaced with a
hydrogen atom.
Examples include:
*
Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose, or more precisely 2-deoxyribose, is a monosaccharide with idealized formula H−(C=O)−(CH2)−(CHOH)3−H. Its name indicates that it is a deoxy sugar, meaning that it is derived from the sugar ribose by loss of a hydroxy group. Di ...
, or 2-deoxy-
D-
ribose, a constituent of
DNA
*
Fucose, or 6-deoxy-
L-
galactose
Galactose (, '' galacto-'' + ''-ose'', "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose. It is an aldohexose and a C-4 epimer of glucose. A galactose molec ...
, main component of
fucoidan
Fucoidan is a long chain sulfated polysaccharide found in various species of brown algae. Commercially available fucoidan is commonly extracted from the seaweed species '' Fucus vesiculosus'', ''Cladosiphon okamuranus'', ''Laminaria japonica'' and ...
of
brown algae
Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate and p ...
, and present in
N-linked glycans
*
Fuculose
Fuculose or 6-deoxy-tagatose is a ketohexose deoxy sugar
Deoxy sugars are sugars that have had a hydroxyl group replaced with a hydrogen atom.
Examples include:
* Deoxyribose, or 2-deoxy-D- ribose, a constituent of DNA
* Fucose, or 6-deo ...
, or 6-deoxy-
L-
tagatose, one of the important components of
avian influenza virus
Avian influenza, known informally as avian flu or bird flu, is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.[Rhamnose
Rhamnose (Rha, Rham) is a naturally occurring deoxy sugar. It can be classified as either a methyl-pentose or a 6-deoxy-hexose. Rhamnose predominantly occurs in nature in its L-form as L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose). This is unusual, since most o ...](_blank)
, or 6-deoxy-
L-
mannose
Mannose is a sugar monomer of the aldohexose series of carbohydrates. It is a C-2 epimer of glucose. Mannose is important in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of certain proteins. Several congenital disorders of glycosylat ...
, present in plant
glycosides
In ''
Escherichia coli
''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus '' Esc ...
'' bacteria, deoxyribose sugars are synthesized via two different pathways - one pathway involves
aldol condensation
An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration ...
, whereas the other pathway is conversion of a ribose sugar into a deoxyribose sugar by means of changes on the nucleotide or nucleoside level. Deoxyribose is synthesized through the reduction of ribose. Deoxyribose is derived from the same precursor as ribose being that the reduction of the sugar with the extra hydroxyl group results in the deoxy-sugar, which has its hydroxyl group replaced with a hydrogen atom.
Dideoxy sugars
Some biologically important dideoxy sugars, sugars that have had two
hydroxyl groups replaced with hydrogen atoms, include
colitose
Colitose is a mannose-derived 3,6-dideoxysugar produced by certain bacteria. It is a constituent of the lipopolysaccharide. It is the enantiomer of abequose.
Biological role
Colitose is found in the O-antigen of certain Gram-negative bacteria s ...
and
abequose
Abequose is a hexose and a 3,6-dideoxysugar. It is a constituent of the in O‐specific chains in lipopolysaccharides that occur in certain serotypes of ''Salmonella'' and ''Citrobacter'' bacteria. It is the enantiomer
In chemistry, an enan ...
.
See also
*
Deoxynucleotide
References
External links
*
Overview at qmul.ac.uk
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