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The dean of the College of Cardinals ( la, Decanus Collegii Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium) presides over the
College of Cardinals The College of Cardinals, or more formally the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. its current membership is , of whom are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Cardinals are app ...
in the
Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
, serving as ''
primus inter pares ''Primus inter pares'' is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals. It is typically used as an honorary title for someone who is formally equal to other members of their group but is accorded unofficial respect, traditionally owing to their se ...
'' (first among equals). The position was established in the early 12th century. He always holds the rank of a cardinal bishop, and is assisted by a
vice-dean {{Unreferenced, date=June 2019 A sub-dean is a person who acts as an assistant to a dean either in church circuit as a priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediator ...
. Both are elected by and from the cardinal bishops who are not Eastern Catholic patriarchs, with their election subject to
papal The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
confirmation. Except for presiding over the college, the dean and vice-dean have no power over the other cardinals. In the order of precedence in the Catholic Church, the dean and vice-dean, as the two most senior cardinals, are placed second and third, respectively, after the
pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
. It had been customary for centuries for the longest-serving of the six cardinal bishops of suburbicarian sees to be the dean. This was required by
canon law Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is t ...
from 1917 until 1965, when
Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City, Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his ...
empowered the six to elect the dean from among their number. This election was a formality until the time of
Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...
. In 2019, upon accepting Cardinal
Angelo Sodano Angelo Raffaele Sodano, GCC (23 November 1927 – 27 May 2022) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and from 1991 on a cardinal. He was the Dean of the College of Cardinals from 2005 to 2019 and Cardinal Secretary of State from 1991 ...
's resignation as dean of the College of Cardinals,
Pope Francis Pope Francis ( la, Franciscus; it, Francesco; es, link=, Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 17 December 1936) is the head of the Catholic Church. He has been the bishop of Rome and sovereign of the Vatican City State since 13 March 2013 ...
established that the dean would henceforth serve a five-year term that may be renewed once. Sodano received the title "dean emeritus" upon resigning on 21 December 2019. In anticipation of the election of Sodano's successor, Francis said: "I am hoping they will elect someone who can carry this important responsibility full time." Previously, the dean held the position until death or resignation; there was no mandatory age of retirement.


Responsibilities

The dean summons the conclave for the purposes of electing a new
pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
following a death or
resignation Resignation is the formal act of leaving or quitting one's office or position. A resignation can occur when a person holding a position gained by election or appointment steps down, but leaving a position upon the expiration of a term, or choos ...
. The Dean presides over the daily meetings of the College of Cardinals in advance of the conclave and then presides over the conclave if his age does not prohibit his participation. The dean also has the responsibility of communicating the "news of the Pope's death to the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See and to the Heads of the respective Nations". He is the public face of the Holy See until a new pope is elected. If he participates in the conclave, the dean asks the pope-elect if he accepts the election, and then asks the new pope what name he wishes to use. If the dean himself is elected pope, the afore mentioned tasks are assumed by the sub-dean of the College of Cardinals. If the newly elected pope is not already a
bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ...
, the dean ordains him a bishop. The dean has "the
title A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify either generation, an official position, or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the f ...
of the diocese of Ostia, together with that of any other church to which he already has a title," such as his
suburbicarian diocese The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Roman Catholic dioceses located in the vicinity of Rome, whose (titular) bishops are the (now six) ordinary members of the highest-ranking order of cardinals, the cardinal bishops (to which the cardinal-patriar ...
. This has been the case since 1914, by decree of
Pope Pius X Pope Pius X ( it, Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of ...
—previous deans had given up their suburbicarian see and taken the joint title of Ostia and Velletri, which were separated in that same 1914 decree.


Deans elected pope

Nine Deans have been elected pope:
Anastasius IV Pope Anastasius IV ( – 3 December 1154), born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 July 1153 to his death in 1154. He is the most recent pope to take the name "Anastasius" upon h ...
, Lucius III, Gregory IX, Alexander IV,
John XXI Pope John XXI ( la, Ioannes XXI;  – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião ( la, Petrus Iulianus), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death on 20 May 1277. Apart from Damasus I (fro ...
,
Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI ( it, Alessandro VI, va, Alexandre VI, es, Alejandro VI; born Rodrigo de Borja; ca-valencia, Roderic Llançol i de Borja ; es, Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja, lang ; 1431 – 18 August 1503) was head of the Catholic Chur ...
, Paul III, Paul IV, and
Benedict XVI Pope Benedict XVI ( la, Benedictus XVI; it, Benedetto XVI; german: link=no, Benedikt XVI.; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, , on 16 April 1927) is a retired prelate of the Catholic church who served as the head of the Church and the sovereig ...
.


List of deans

The following is the list of deans of the Sacred College of Cardinals, separated into three groups to account for the
Western Schism The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Vatican Standoff, the Great Occidental Schism, or the Schism of 1378 (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon b ...
, which ended after the
Council of Constance The Council of Constance was a 15th-century ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held from 1414 to 1418 in the Bishopric of Constance in present-day Germany. The council ended the Western Schism by deposing or accepting the r ...
. The earliest attested reference to the "College of Cardinals" is at the Council of Reims in 1148. Each name in the following list includes years of birth and death, then comma-separated years of cardinalate and deanship.


Before the Western Schism

* Pietro Senex (d. 1134) (1102, before 1130) * Guillaume (d. 1137/39) (1122, 1130) * Corrado della Suburra (1073–1154) (1114, 1137/39)
''Elected
Pope Anastasius IV Pope Anastasius IV ( – 3 December 1154), born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 July 1153 to his death in 1154. He is the most recent pope to take the name "Anastasius" upon his ...
in 1153'' *
Imar of Tusculum Imar, O.S.B. Cluny (died at Cluny on 28 October 1161) was a French Benedictine abbot, who served as a bishop and cardinal. Life In his youth, Imar became a monk at the Priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs in Paris, a community belonging to the Clun ...
(d. 1161) (1142, 1153, deposed 1159) *
Gregorio de Suburra Gregorio della Suburra (died 1162/63) was an Italian cardinal, created by Pope Innocent II in 1140 as priest of the title of S. Maria in Trastevere. He was nephew of Pope Anastasius IV, who promoted him to suburbicarian see of Sabina in September 11 ...
(d. 1163) (1140, 1159) *
Ubaldo Allucingoli Pope Lucius III (c. 1097 – 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned from 1 September 1181 to his death in 1185. Born of an aristocratic family of Lucca, prior to being elected pope, he had a long career as a papal diplomat. His pa ...
(1097–1185) (1138, 1163)
''Elected
Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III (c. 1097 – 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned from 1 September 1181 to his death in 1185. Born of an aristocratic family of Lucca, prior to being elected pope, he had a long career as a papal diplomat. His pa ...
in 1181'' *
Conrad of Wittelsbach Conrad of Wittelsbach (c. 1120/1125 – 25 October 1200) was the Archbishop of Mainz (as Conrad I) and Archchancellor of Germany from 20 June 1161 to 1165 and again from 1183 to his death. He was also a Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Roman ...
(1120/25–1200) (1165, 1181) *
Ottaviano di Paoli Ottaviano di Poli (surname given variously) (died 1206), a member of the family of the Counts of Poli, was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. While still a subdeacon, he was sent as a papal legate to France by Pope Alexander III in 1178, to sum ...
(d. 1206) (1182, 1200) *
Pietro Gallocia Pietro Gallocia or Galluzzi (c. 1120/30, in Rome – 14 March 1211, in Rome) was a Roman Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal. He was apostolic subdeacon and governor of Campagna in the pontificate of Pope Alexander III (1159-1181). Pope Clement III c ...
(d. 1211) (1188, 1206) * Nicola de Romanis (d. 1219) (1204, 1211) * Ugolino Conti di Segni (1145–1241) (1198, 1219)
''Elected
Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decre ...
in 1227'' *
Pelagio Galvani Pelagio Galvani (c. 1165 – 30 January 1230, Portuguese: Latin: Pelagius) was a Leonese cardinal, and canon lawyer. He became a papal legate and leader of the Fifth Crusade. Born at Guimarães, his early life is little known. It is repeatedl ...
(d. 1230) (1206/07, 1227) * Jean Halgrin (1180–1237) (1227, 1230) *
Jacques de Vitry Jacques de Vitry (''Jacobus de Vitriaco'', c. 1160/70 – 1 May 1240) was a French canon regular who was a noted theologian and chronicler of his era. He was elected bishop of Acre in 1214 and made cardinal in 1229. His ''Historia Orientali ...
(1160/70–1240) (1228, 1237) * Rinaldo Conti (1185–1261) (1227, 1240)
''Elected
Pope Alexander IV Pope Alexander IV (1199 or 1185 – 25 May 1261) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 December 1254 to his death in 1261. Early career He was born as Rinaldo di Jenne in Jenne (now in the Province of Rome), he ...
in 1254'' *
Odo of Châteauroux Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux ( –25 January 1273), also known as and by many other names, was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher, papal legate and cardinal. He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades”. Over 100 ...
(1190–1273) (1244, 1254) * John of Toledo (d. 1275) (1244, 1273) * João Pedro Julião (1210–1276) (1273, 1275)
''Elected
Pope John XXI Pope John XXI ( la, Ioannes XXI;  – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião ( la, Petrus Iulianus), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death on 20 May 1277. Apart from Damasus I (fr ...
in 1276'') *
Bertrand de Saint-Martin Bertrand de Saint-Martin (died 28 or 29 March 1278) was a French Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal. He was born in Arles. Career in the Church He entered the Order of Benedictines and by 1238 was dean of the abbey of Saint-André de Villeneuve at ...
(d. 1277) (1273, 1276) * Ordonho Alvares (1198–1285) (1278, 1278) * Bentivenga dei Bentivenghi (1230–1289) (1278, 1285) *
Latino Malabranca Orsini Latino Malabranca Orsini (b. at Rome, year unknown – d. 10 August 1294, Perugia) was a Roman noble, an Italian cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, and nephew of Pope Nicholas III. Early life Latino was son of Roman senator Angelo Malabranca a ...
(d. 1294) (1278, 1289) *
Gerardo Bianchi Gerardo Bianchi (1220/1225 – March 1, 1302) was an Italian churchman and papal diplomat, an important figure of the War of the Sicilian Vespers. Life Gerardo was born in Gainago, in the diocese of Parma, studied law at the University of Bolo ...
(1220/25–1302) (1278, 1294) *
Giovanni Boccamazza Giovanni Boccamazza (died 1309) was an Italian Cardinal. He was from the Roman nobility, and was a nephew of Cardinal Giacomo Savelli, who had been an important figure in the Roman Curia since his creation as cardinal in 1261. Early career On 14 ...
(d. 1309) (1285, 1302) * Leonardo Patrasso (1230–1311) (1300, 1309) * Giovanni Minio de Murovalle (1250–1312) (1302, 1311) *
Nicolò Albertini Nicolò Albertini, O.P. (c. 1250 – 27 April 1321), was an Italian Dominican friar, statesman, and cardinal. Early life Albertini was born about 1250 in the city of Prato, then in the County of Prato, part of the Holy Roman Empire, to parent ...
(1250–1321) (1303, 1312) * Berengar Fredol the Elder (1250–1323) (1305, 1321) * Berengar Fredol the Younger (d. 1323) (1312, 1323) * Guillaume Godin (1260–1336) (1312, 1323) * Pierre Desprès (1288–1361) (1320, 1336) * Élie de Talleyrand-Périgord (1301–1364) (1331, 1361) * Guy de Boulogne (1313–1373) (1342, 1364) *
Ange de Grimoard Anglic de Grimoard (ca. 1315/1320 in Grizac, Languedoc – 13 April 1388 in Avignon), also recorded as Angelic, was a French canon regular and a Cardinal. He was the younger brother of Pope Urban V. He was born about 1315 in the Castle of Gri ...
(1315/20-1388) (1366, 1373, deposed by Urban VI in 1378, retained the post in the obedience of Avignon until 1388)


During the Western Schism

The obedience of Rome (1378–1415) * Tommaso da Frignano (1305–1381) (1378) * Francesco Moricotti Prignano (d. 1394) (1378, 1381) * Philippe d'Alençon (1338–1397) (1378, 1394) * Pietro Pileo di Prata (1330–1400) (1378, 1397) * Angelo Acciaioli (1349–1408) (1384, 1405) *
Enrico Minutoli Enrico Minutoli (died 1412) was an Italian Cardinal. He was bishop of Bitonto from 1382 to 1389 and then archbishop of Naples. He was also archpriest of the Liberian Basilica (1396) and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church (1406). He is buried in ...
(d. 1412) (1389, 1408 until 1409) * Antonio Correr (1369–1445) (1408, 1409 until 1415) The obedience of Avignon (1378–1429) *Ange de Grimoard (until 1388) *
Pietro Corsini Pietro is an Italian masculine given name. Notable people with the name include: People * Pietro I Candiano (c. 842–887), briefly the 16th Doge of Venice * Pietro Tribuno (died 912), 17th Doge of Venice, from 887 to his death * Pietro II C ...
(1335–1405) (1370, 1388) * Gui de Malsec (d. 1412) (1375, 1405, deposed 1409, retained the post in the obedience of Pisa) *
Jean Flandrin Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jea ...
(after 1301–1415) (1390, 1405) *
Julián Lobera y Valtierra Julián is the Spanish equivalent of the name Julian. Notable people with the name include: * Julián, Julián Cuesta, Spanish footballer * Julián Orbón (1925–1991) Cuban composer * Julián Carrón (1950) Spanish Catholic theologian * Juliá ...
(d. 1435) (1423, 1423 until 1429) The obedience of Pisa (1409–1415) *Gui de Malsec (until 1412) *
Jean Allarmet de Brogny Jean-Allarmet de Brogny (1342 – 16 February 1426) was a French Cardinal. Biography He was born in the hamlet of Brogny, now part of Annecy-le-Vieux in Savoy. Biographers are not agreed as to his parentage and real name. According to some, he ...
(1342–1426) (1385, 1412 until 1415)


After the Council of Constance

* Angelo Correr (ca.1330–1417) (1415, 1415) * Jean-Allarmet de Brogny (1342–1426) (1385, 1417) *
Baldassare Cossa Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope, as he opposed Pope Gregory XII whom the Catholic Church now recognizes ...
(ca.1360/70–1419) (1419, 1419) *Jean Allarmet de Brogny ''(again)'' (1342–1426) (1385, 1419) *
Angelo d'Anna de Sommariva Angelo is an Italian masculine given name and surname meaning "angel", or "messenger". People People with the given name *Angelo Accattino (born 1966), Italian prelate of the Catholic Church *Angelo Acciaioli (bishop) (1298–1357), Italian Rom ...
(d. 1428) (1384, 1426) * Giordano Orsini (1360/70–1438) (1405, 1428) *Antonio Correr ''(again)'' (1369–1445) (1408, 1438) *
Giovanni Berardi Giovanni Berardi (1380 – 21 January 1449), Italian Cardinal, of the counts of Tagliacozzo, was elected Archbishop of Taranto in 1421, and occupied the see until December 1439, when Pope Eugenius IV raised him to the cardinalate. He represented Eu ...
(1380–1449) (1439, 1445) * Amadeo de Savoy (1383–1451) (1449, 1449) *
Francesco Condulmer Francesco Condulmer (1390 – 30 October 1453) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was made cardinal on 19 September 1431 by his uncle, Pope Eugenius IV, and accumulated many offices and dignities. He was Camerlengo of the Holy Roma ...
(1390–1453) (1431, 1451) * Giorgio Fieschi (ca.1395–1461) (1439, 1453) * Isidore of Kiev (1380/90–1463) (1439, 1461) * Bessarion (1403–1472) (1439, 1463) * Guillaume d'Estouteville (1403–1483) (1439, 1472) * Rodrigo Borgia (1431–1503) (1456, 1483)
''Elected
Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI ( it, Alessandro VI, va, Alexandre VI, es, Alejandro VI; born Rodrigo de Borja; ca-valencia, Roderic Llançol i de Borja ; es, Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja, lang ; 1431 – 18 August 1503) was head of the Catholic Churc ...
in 1492'') * Oliviero Carafa (1430–1511) (1467, 1492) * Raffaele Riario (1461–1521) (1477, 1511) * Bernardino Lopez de Carvajal (1456–1523) (1493, 1521) * Francesco Soderini (1453–1524) (1503, 1523) *
Niccolò Fieschi Niccolò Fieschi (Genoa, c. 1456 – Rome, 1524) was an Italian Cardinal,From 1503; bishop of Albano 1518, bishop of Sabina 1521, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina 1523, bishop of Ostia 1524. of the prominent family of the Republic of Genoa, th ...
(1456–1524) (1503, 1524) * Alessandro Farnese (1468–1549) (1493, 1524)
''Elected
Pope Paul III Pope Paul III ( la, Paulus III; it, Paolo III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in November 1549. He came to ...
in 1534'') *
Giovanni Piccolomini Giovanni Piccolomini (1475–1537) was an Italian papal legate and cardinal. He was a nephew of Pope Pius III. He was made Archbishop of Siena in 1503, Bishop of Sitten in 1522, Bishop of Aquila in 1523, Bishop of Albano in 1524, Bishop of Pa ...
(1475–1537) (1517, 1535) *
Giovanni Domenico de Cupis Giovanni Domenico de Cupis (Cupi, Cuppi) (1493–1553) was an Italian Cardinal, created by Pope Leo X in the consistory of 1 July 1517. Biography He was Crown-cardinal of the Kingdom of Scotland. He was a friend of Ignatius Loyola. His mother w ...
(1493–1553) (1517, 1537) * Gian Pietro Carafa (1476–1559) (1536, 1553)
''Elected
Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV, born Gian Pietro Carafa, C.R. ( la, Paulus IV; it, Paolo IV; 28 June 1476 – 18 August 1559) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 May 1555 to his death in August 1559. While serving as pap ...
in 1555'') * Jean du Bellay (1492–1560) (1535, 1555) *
François de Tournon François de Tournon (1489 in Tournon-sur-Rhône – 1562 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was a French Augustinian monk, an archbishop, diplomat, courtier, and cardinal. From 1536 he was also a military supply officer of French forces operating in ...
(1489–1562) (1530, 1560) * Rodolfo Pio de Carpi (1500–1564) (1536, 1562) *
Francesco Pisani Francesco Pisani (1494 – 28 June 1570) was an Italian Cardinal, born in Venice, the son of Alvise Pisani the noted banker, who was Procurator of S. Mark's, a member of the Council of Ten, and a Councilor of the Doge of Venice; and Cecilia Giust ...
(1494–1570) (1517, 1564) *
Giovanni Girolamo Morone Giovanni Morone (or Moroni) (25 January 1509 – 1 December 1580) was an Italian cardinal. He was named Bishop of Modena in 1529 and was created Cardinal in 1542 by Pope Paul III. As a cardinal, he resided in the Vatican's Apostolic Palace an ...
(1509–1580) (1542, 1570) * Alessandro Farnese, juniore (1520–1589) (1534, 1580) * Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni (1519–1591) (1560, 1589) *
Alfonso Gesualdo Alfonso Gesualdo di Conza (20 October 1540 – 14 February 1603) was an Italian Cardinal starting in 1561. He was from Calitri, not far from Naples. His attendance at the papal conclave of 1565-1566 at the age of only 25 makes him one of the yo ...
(1540–1603) (1561, 1591) *
Tolomeo Gallio Tolomeo Gallio (also spelled Gallo and Galli; 25 September 1527 – 3 or 4 February 1607) was an Italian Cardinal. Biography In the time of Pope Gregory XIII, he acted as papal secretary of state (in office 1572 to 1585), having a key role ...
(1526–1607) (1565, 1603) *
Domenico Pinelli Domenico Pinelli, seniore (1541–1611) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Episcopal succession References 1541 births 1611 deaths 17th-century Italian cardinals 16th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops {{Italy-R ...
(1541–1611) (1585, 1607) * Francois de Joyeuse (1562–1615) (1583, 1611) *
Antonio Maria Galli Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular ma ...
(1553–1620) (1586, 1615) * Antonio Maria Sauli (1541–1623) (1587, 1620) * Francesco Maria del Monte (1549–1626) (1588, 1623) *
Ottavio Bandini Ottavio Bandini (1558–1629) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography On 25 June 1595 he was consecrated bishop by Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, Archbishop of Florence, with Ludovico de Torres, Archbishop of Monreale, and Gian Frances ...
(1558–1629) (1596, 1626) *
Giovanni Battista Deti Giovanni Battista Deti (1580–1630) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography On 24 Jun 1623, he was consecrated bishop by Ottavio Bandini, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina, with Alfonso Gonzaga, Titular Archbishop of ''Rhodus'', and Federic ...
(1576–1630) (1599, 1629) * Domenico Ginnasi (1550–1639) (1604, 1630) *
Carlo Emmanuele Pio de Savoia Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia (5 January 1585 in Ferrara – 1 June 1641 in Rome) was an Italian cardinal of the Pio di Savoia family. He was the uncle of Cardinal Carlo Pio di Savoia. Life His father was Enea Pio di Savoia, Signore di Sassuolo ...
, seniore (1585–1641) (1604, 1639) * Marcello Lante della Rovere (1561–1652) (1606, 1641) *
Giulio Roma Giulio Roma (16 September 1584 – 16 September 1652) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Bishop of Recanati and Loreto. Roma was born 16 September 1584 in Milan, one of 16 children born to noble parents. He was educated at the University o ...
(1584–1652) (1621, 1652) ''served less than 5 months'' * Carlo de' Medici (1595–1666) (1615, 1652) * Francesco Barberini, seniore (1597–1679) (1623, 1666) *
Cesare Facchinetti Cesare Facchinetti (17 September 1608 – 30 January 1683) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. Early life Facchinetti was born 17 September 1608 in Bologna. He was the son of Ludovico Facchinetti (2nd Marquis of Vianino), Senator of Bologna, Amba ...
(1608–1683) (1643, 1680) * Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi (1608–1687) (1645, 1683) * Alderano Cybo (1613–1700) (1645, 1687) *
Emmanuel–Theodose de la Tour d'Auvergne de Bouillon Emmanuel-Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne, cardinal de Bouillon (24 August 1643 – 2 March 1715, Rome) was a French prelate and diplomat. Biography Originally known as the Duc d'Albret, he was the son of Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne ...
(1643–1715) (1669, 1700) * Nicola Acciaiouli (1630–1719) (1669, 1715) * Fulvio Astalli (1655–1721) (1686, 1719) * Sebastiano Antonio Tanara (1650–1724) (1695, 1721) * Francesco del Giudice (1647–1725) (1690, 1724) * Fabrizio Paolucci (1651–1726) (1697, 1725) * Francesco Pignatelli 1635 (1652–1734) (1703, 1726) * Francesco Barberini (1662–1738) (1690, 1734) * Pietro Ottoboni (1667–1740) (1689, 1738) * Tommaso Ruffo (1663–1753) (1706, 1740) * Pierluigi Carafa (1677–1755) (1728, 1753) * Rainiero d'Elci (1670–1761) (1737, 1755) * Giuseppe Spinelli (1694–1763) (1735, 1761) * Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini (1683–1774) (1743, 1763) *
Gian Francesco Albani Gian Francesco Albani (26 February 1720 – 15 September 1803) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal. He was a member of the Albani family. Albani was born in Rome, the son of Carlo Albani, Duke of Soriano; his grand-uncle was Pope Clement XI (Gian ...
(1720–1803) (1747, 1774)Salvador Miranda indicates that
Fabrizio Serbelloni Fabrizio Serbelloni (Sorbelloni) (1695–1775) was an Italian diplomat and Cardinal. Life Fabrizio Serbelloni was born on 4 November 1695 in Milan to a noble and prominent family. He studied initially in Rome at the Collegio Clementino, and on 18 ...
was dean of the Sacred College 1774–177

but according to G. Moroni, ''Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorn vol. LXIV'', p. 173, Serbelloni was named bishop of Ostia e Velletri on 18 April 1774 only for that reason, that Albani, who became dean at the death of Cavalchini, refused to resign the bishopric of Porto e Santa Rufina. However, Cardinal Albani eventually opted for the see of Ostia e Velletri after the death of Serbelloni in the following year
''longest deanship'' * Henry Benedict Stuart, Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart (1725–1807) (1747, 1803) ''longest total cardinalate'' *
Leonardo Antonelli Leonardo Antonelli (6 November 1730 – 23 January 1811) was an Italian Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. Biography A native of Senigallia, Antonelli was the nephew of Cardinal Nicolò Maria Antonelli. During the early part of his long d ...
(1730–1811) (1775, 1807) *
Alessandro Mattei Alessandro Mattei (20 February 1744, Rome – 20 April 1820) was an Italian Cardinal, and a significant figure in papal diplomacy of the Napoleonic period. He was from the Roman aristocratic House of Mattei. He became Archbishop of Ferrara in 1 ...
(1744–1820) (1779, 1814) ''vacancy caused by his exile by Napoleon'' *
Giulio Maria della Somaglia Giulio Maria della Somaglia (29 July 1744 – 2 April 1830) was an Italian cardinal. He was, in his later life — a staunch '' zelante'' cardinal who, as Secretary of State under Pope Leo XII, helped enforce an authoritarian regime in the ...
(1744–1830) (1795, 1820) *
Bartolomeo Pacca Bartolomeo Pacca (27 December 1756, Benevento – 19 April 1844) was an Italian cardinal, scholar, and statesman as Cardinal Secretary of State. Pacca served as apostolic nuncio to Cologne, and later to Lisbon. Biography Bartolomeo Pacca was ...
(1756–1844) (1801, 1830) *
Lodovico Micara Ludovico MicaraLodovico Micara, Ludovico da Frascati. (12 October 1775 – 24 May 1847) was an Italian Capuchin and Cardinal. He was born at Frascati, in the Papal States. Ordained in 1798, he became Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1824. ...
(1775–1847) (1824, 1844) * Vincenzo Macchi (1770–1860) (1826, 1847) *
Mario Mattei Mario Mattei (6 September 1792, Pergola, Marche – 7 October 1870) was an Italian Cardinal, of the Roman noble House of Mattei. He became Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1860. Personal life Mario Mattei was born on 6 September 1792 in Perg ...
(1792–1870) (1832, 1860) * Costantino Patrizi Naro (1798–1876) (1834, 1870) *
Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso (20 June 1796 – 30 March 1878) was the dean of the College of Cardinals during the last part of the record long reign of Pope Pius IX. Biography The issue of an ancient and noble Catalan Sardinian family,As fo ...
(1796–1878) (1837, 1877) * Camillo di Pietro (1806–1884) (1853, 1878) * Carlo Sacconi (1808–1889) (1861, 1884) * Raffaele Monaco La Valletta (1827–1896) (1868, 1889) *
Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano (9 July 1828, Bene Vagienna, Italy – 7 December 1913, Rome, Italy) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church in the late nineteenth century. He was Bishop of Ostia e Velletri and Dean of the Sacred College of Card ...
(1828–1913) (1873, 1896) *
Serafino Vannutelli Serafino Vannutelli (26 November 1834 – 19 August 1915) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church, a cardinal and official of the Roman Curia where he held several of the highest administrative posts. Made a cardinal in 1887, he was name ...
(1834–1915) (1887, 1913) * Vincenzo Vannutelli (1836–1930) (1889, 1915) *
Gennaro Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte Gennaro Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte (10 April 1851 – 16 February 1948) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a prominent member of the Roman Curia. Biography Gennaro Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte was born in ...
(1851–1948) (1911, 1930) *
Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani (1 October 1871 – 13 January 1951) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Secretary of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, Vicar General of Rome, Secretary of the Holy Of ...
(1871–1951) (1930, 1948) * Eugène Tisserant (1884–1972) (1936, 1951) *
Amleto Giovanni Cicognani Amleto Giovanni Cicognani (24 February 1883 – 17 December 1973) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Vatican Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969, and Dean of the College of Cardinals from 1972 until his death. Ci ...
(1883–1973) (1958, 1972) *
Luigi Traglia Luigi Traglia (3 April 1895 – 22 November 1977) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Vicar General of Rome from 1965 to 1968, and Dean of the College of Cardinals from 1974 until his death. Traglia was elevated to ...
(1895–1977) (1960, 1974) * Carlo Confalonieri (1893–1986) (1958, 1977) *
Agnelo Rossi Agnelo Rossi (4 May 1913 – 21 May 1995) was a Brazilian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Biography Rossi was born on 4 May 1913 in Joaquim Egidio, Brazil, in the Diocese of Campinas. In 1933 h ...
(1913–1995) (1965, 1986, retired 1993) * Bernardin Gantin (1922–2008) (1977, 1993, retired 2002) *
Joseph Ratzinger Pope Benedict XVI ( la, Benedictus XVI; it, Benedetto XVI; german: link=no, Benedikt XVI.; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, , on 16 April 1927) is a retired prelate of the Catholic church who served as the head of the Church and the soverei ...
(born 1927) (1977, 2002) ''Elected
Pope Benedict XVI Pope Benedict XVI ( la, Benedictus XVI; it, Benedetto XVI; german: link=no, Benedikt XVI.; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, , on 16 April 1927) is a retired prelate of the Catholic church who served as the head of the Church and the sovereig ...
in 2005'' *
Angelo Sodano Angelo Raffaele Sodano, GCC (23 November 1927 – 27 May 2022) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and from 1991 on a cardinal. He was the Dean of the College of Cardinals from 2005 to 2019 and Cardinal Secretary of State from 1991 ...
(1927–2022) (1991, 2005, retired 2019) * Giovanni Battista Re (born 1934) (2001, 2020)


References

{{Holy See Religious leadership roles *1