The cutlassfishes are about 45
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...
of predatory fish in the family Trichiuridae of the order
Scombriformes found in seas throughout the world. Fish of this family are long, slender, and generally steely blue or silver in colour, giving rise to their name. They have reduced or absent
pelvic and
caudal fin
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as se ...
s, giving them an
eel-like appearance, and large fang-like teeth.
Some of the species are known as scabbardfishes or hairtails; others are called frostfishes because they appear in late autumn and early winter, around the time of the first frosts.
Classification
This list of species follows
FishBase
FishBase is a global species database of fish species (specifically finfish). It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web. :
* Subfamily Aphanopidinae
Gill
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they ar ...
, 1863
** Genus ''
Aphanopus
''Aphanopus'', the black scabbardfishes, is a genus of Cutlassfish which contains the following species:
* '' Aphanopus arigato'' Parin, 1994
* '' Aphanopus beckeri'' Parin, 1994
* '' Aphanopus capricornis'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus carbo'' Lo ...
''
*** ''
Aphanopus arigato
''Aphanopus'', the black scabbardfishes, is a genus of Cutlassfish which contains the following species:
* '' Aphanopus arigato'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus beckeri'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus capricornis'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus carbo'' Lowe ...
''
Parin, 1994
*** ''
Aphanopus beckeri
''Aphanopus'', the black scabbardfishes, is a genus of Cutlassfish which contains the following species:
* '' Aphanopus arigato'' Parin, 1994
* '' Aphanopus beckeri'' Parin, 1994
* '' Aphanopus capricornis'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus carbo'' Lo ...
''
Parin, 1994
*** ''
Aphanopus capricornis
''Aphanopus'', the black scabbardfishes, is a genus of Cutlassfish which contains the following species:
* '' Aphanopus arigato'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus beckeri'' Parin, 1994
* '' Aphanopus capricornis'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus carbo'' Low ...
''
Parin, 1994
*** ''
Aphanopus carbo''
Lowe, 1839 (Black scabbardfish)
*** ''
Aphanopus intermedius
''Aphanopus'', the black scabbardfishes, is a genus of Cutlassfish which contains the following species:
* '' Aphanopus arigato'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus beckeri'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus capricornis'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus carbo'' Lowe ...
''
Parin, 1983 (Intermediate scabbardfish)
*** ''
Aphanopus microphthalmus
''Aphanopus'', the black scabbardfishes, is a genus of Cutlassfish which contains the following species:
* '' Aphanopus arigato'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus beckeri'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus capricornis'' Parin, 1994
* ''Aphanopus carbo'' Lowe ...
''
Norman, 1939 (Smalleye scabbardfish)
*** ''
Aphanopus mikhailini''
Parin, 1983 (Mikhailin's scabbardfish)
** Genus ''
Benthodesmus''
Goode & Bean
A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes th ...
, 1882
*** ''
Benthodesmus elongatus'',
Clarke
Clarke is a surname which means "clerk". The surname is of English and Irish origin and comes from the Latin . Variants include Clerk and Clark. Clarke is also uncommonly chosen as a given name.
Irish surname origin
Clarke is a popular surname i ...
, 1879 (Elongate frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus macrophthalmus'',
Parin & Becker, 1970 (Bigeye frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus neglectus'',
Parin, 1976 (Neglected frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus oligoradiatus'',
Parin & Becker, 1970 (Sparse-rayed frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus pacificus'',
Parin & Becker, 1970 (North Pacific frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus papua'',
Parin, 1978 (Papuan frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus simonyi'',
Steindachner
Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...
, 1891 (Simony's frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus suluensis'',
Parin, 1976 (Philippine frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus tenuis'',
Günther, 1877 (Slender frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus tuckeri'',
Parin & Becker, 1970 (Tucker's frostfish)
*** ''
Benthodesmus vityazi'',
Parin & Becker, 1970 (Vityaz' frostfish)
* Subfamily Lepidopodinae,
Gill, 1863
** Genus ''
Assurger''
*** ''
Assurger anzac''
Alexander
Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.
Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
, 1917 (Razorback scabbardfish)
** Genus ''
Eupleurogrammus''
*** ''
Eupleurogrammus glossodon
''Eupleurogrammus'' is a genus of cutlassfish from the Indo-Pacific region. They are benthopelagic fishes which occur mainly over the continental shelf where they move upwards in the water column towards the surface at night and feed on small fis ...
'',
( Bleeker, 1860) (Longtooth hairtail)
*** ''
Eupleurogrammus muticus
''Eupleurogrammus'' is a genus of cutlassfish from the Indo-Pacific region. They are benthopelagic fishes which occur mainly over the continental shelf where they move upwards in the water column towards the surface at night and feed on small f ...
'',
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be compose ...
, 1831) (Smallhead hairtail)
** Genus ''
Evoxymetopon''
*** ''
Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus''
Chakraborty, Yoshino & Iwatsuki, 2006
*** ''
Evoxymetopon moricheni
''Evoxymetopon'' is a genus of cutlassfish found in all oceans. It is one of nine genera in the family Trichiuridae.
Species
There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* '' Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus'' Chakraborty, Yoshino & I ...
''
Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2014
*** ''
Evoxymetopon poeyi
''Evoxymetopon'' is a genus of cutlassfish found in all oceans. It is one of nine genera in the family Trichiuridae.
Species
There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* '' Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus'' Chakraborty
Chakraborty ...
''
Günther, 1887 (Poey's scabbardfish)
*** ''
Evoxymetopon taeniatus
''Evoxymetopon'' is a genus of cutlassfish found in all oceans. It is one of nine genera in the family Trichiuridae.
Species
There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* '' Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus'' Chakraborty
Chakraborty ...
''
Gill
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they ar ...
, 1863 (Channel scabbardfish)
** Genus ''
Lepidopus''
*** ''
Lepidopus altifrons'',
Parin & Collette, 1993 (Crested scabbardfish)
*** ''
Lepidopus calcar'',
Parin & Mikhailin, 1982 (Hawaiian ridge scabbardfish)
*** ''
Lepidopus caudatus'',
( Euphrasen, 1788) (Silver scabbardfish)
*** ''
Lepidopus dubius'',
Parin & Mikhailin, 1981 (Doubtful scabbardfish)
*** ''
Lepidopus fitchi '',
Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987 (Fitch's scabbardfish)
*** ''
Lepidopus manis'',
Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987 (Ghost scabbardfish)
*Subfamily Trichiurinae
Rafinesque, 1810
** Genus ''
Demissolinea''
*** ''
Demissolinea novaeguineensis'',
Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003 (New Guinean hairtail)
** Genus ''
Lepturacanthus''
*** ''
Lepturacanthus pantului'',
(Gupta, 1966) (Coromandel hairtail)
*** ''
Lepturacanthus roelandti''
( Bleeker, 1860)
*** ''
Lepturacanthus savala'',
(Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in nat ...
, 1829) (Savalani hairtail)
** Genus ''
Tentoriceps''
*** ''
Tentoriceps cristatus
''Tentoriceps'' is a monotypic genus of cutlassfish, family Trichiuridae, from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The sole species is ''Tentoriceps cristatus''. Its common name is crested hairtail.
Distribution
''Tentoriceps cristatus'' has Indo-We ...
'',
( Klunzinger, 1884) (Crested hairtail)
** Genus ''
Trichiurus''
*** ''
Trichiurus auriga
''Trichiurus'' is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family Trichiuridae.
Species
Species within this genus include:
* '' Trichiurus auriga'', Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
* ''Trichiurus australis'' Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & Iw ...
'',
Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
*** ''
Trichiurus australis
''Trichiurus'' is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family Trichiuridae.
Species
Species within this genus include:
* '' Trichiurus auriga'', Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
* '' Trichiurus australis'' Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & I ...
''
Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2005
*** ''
Trichiurus brevis
''Trichiurus'' is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family Trichiuridae.
Species
Species within this genus include:
* '' Trichiurus auriga'', Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
* '' Trichiurus australis'' Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & I ...
'',
Wang & You, 1992 (Chinese short-tailed hairtail)
*** ''
Trichiurus gangeticus
''Trichiurus'' is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family Trichiuridae.
Species
Species within this genus include:
* '' Trichiurus auriga'', Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
* '' Trichiurus australis'' Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & I ...
'',
Gupta, 1966 (Ganges hairtail)
*** ''
Trichiurus lepturus
The largehead hairtail (''Trichiurus lepturus'') or beltfish is a member of the cutlassfish family, Trichiuridae. This common to abundant species is found in tropical and temperate oceans throughout the world. The taxonomy is not fully resolved, ...
'',
Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologi ...
(Largehead hairtail)
*** ''
Trichiurus margarites
''Trichiurus'' is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family Trichiuridae.
Species
Species within this genus include:
* '' Trichiurus auriga'', Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
* '' Trichiurus australis'' Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & I ...
'',
Li, 1992
*** ''
Trichiurus nanhaiensis
''Trichiurus'' is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family Trichiuridae.
Species
Species within this genus include:
* '' Trichiurus auriga'', Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
* '' Trichiurus australis'' Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & I ...
'',
Wang & Xu, 1992
*** ''
Trichiurus nickolensis
''Trichiurus'' is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family Trichiuridae.
Species
Species within this genus include:
* '' Trichiurus auriga'', Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
* '' Trichiurus australis'' Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & I ...
'',
Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003 (Australian short-tailed hairtail)
*** ''
Trichiurus russelli
''Trichiurus'' is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family Trichiuridae.
Species
Species within this genus include:
* '' Trichiurus auriga'', Klunzinger, 1884 (Pearly hairtail)
* '' Trichiurus australis'' Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & I ...
'',
Dutt & Thankam, 1966 (Short-tailed hairtail)
Timeline of genera
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from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', ...
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene
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from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text: Pleist.
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from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
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from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', ...
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but t ...
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text: Pleist.
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H.
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from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.
References
*
External links
Listing of Trichiuridae in English and Japanese 2003-10-27
{{Taxonbar, from=Q480817
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque