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The cross moline (also cross anchory, French ''croix ancrée'' "anchor cross") is a
The cross moline (also cross anchory, French ''croix ancrée'' "anchor cross") is a Christian cross
The Christian cross, seen as representing the crucifixion of Jesus, is a religious symbol, symbol of Christianity. It is related to the crucifix, a cross that includes a ''corpus'' (a representation of Jesus' body, usually three-dimensional) a ...
, constituting a kind of heraldic cross
A number of cross symbols were developed for the purpose of the emerging system of heraldry, which appeared in Western Europe in about 1200. This tradition is partly in the use of the Christian cross an emblem from the 11th century, and increasin ...
.
History
The name derives from its shape, which resembles a millrind, the iron clamp of the uppermillstone
Millstones or mill stones are stones used in gristmills, used for triturating, crushing or, more specifically, grinding wheat or other grains. They are sometimes referred to as grindstones or grinding stones.
Millstones come in pairs: a s ...
, ''moline'' being the Old French
Old French (, , ; ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th "cross recercelee". It is borne both inverted and rebated, and sometimes "saltire">Cercelée">"cross recercelee". It is borne both inverted and rebated, and sometimes "saltirewise" (i.e. in the form of a saltire).
The cross moline is associated with St. Benedict of Nursia. As a result, it is widely used as an emblem by the monks and nuns of the Order of St. Benedict, which he founded.
Crosses moline appear most notably in the arms of the following:
*Families:
** Molyneux, a mediaeval Anglo-French family, Earl of Sefton, Viscount Molyneux, Molyneux baronets, etc. A famous example of
Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council
**
An Introduction to Heraldry, 18th ed.
' (Revised by J. R. Planché). London: George Bell & Sons. First published 1775. . * Canadian Heraldic Authority, Public Register, with many useful official versions of modern coats of arms, searchable online http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/main.asp?lang=e * Cussans, John E. (2003).
Handbook of Heraldry
'.
A Complete Guide to Heraldry
'. New York: Dodge Pub. Co. . *Friar, Stephen (ed) ''A New Dictionary of Heraldry'' Alphabooks, Sherborne, 1987; with very few illustration of attitudes* Greaves, Kevin, ''A Canadian Heraldic Primer'', Heraldry Society of Canada, Ottawa, 2000, lots but not enough illustrations * Heraldry Society (England), members' arms, with illustrations of bearings, searchable online http://www.theheraldrysociety.com/ * Heraldry Society of Scotland, members' arms, fully searchable with illustrations of bearings, https://web.archive.org/web/20130507090132/http://heraldry-scotland.com/copgal/thumbnails.php?album=7 * Innes of Learney, Sir Thomas, Lord Lyon King of Arms ''Scots Heraldry'' (second edition)Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1956 * Moncreiffe of Easter Moncreiffe, Iain, Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms, and Pottinger, Don, Herald Painter Extraordinary to the Court of the Lord Lyon King of Arms ''Simple Heraldry'', Thomas Nelson and Sons, London andf Edinburgh, 1953; splendidly illustrated * Neubecker, Ottfried (1976). ''Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning''. Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill. . * Royal Heraldry Society of Canada, ''Members' Roll of Arms'', with illustrations of bearings, searchable online http://www.heraldry.ca/ * South African Bureau of Heraldry, data on registered heraldic representations (part of National Archives of South Africa); searchable online (but no illustration), http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl * Volborth, Carl-Alexander von (1981). ''Heraldry: Customs, Rules and Styles''. Poole, England: Blandford Press. . * Woodcock, Thomas and John Martin Robinson (1988). ''The Oxford Guide to Heraldry''. Oxford: University Press. . * Woodward, John and George Burnett (1969).
Woodward's a treatise on heraldry, British and foreign
'. Originally published 1892, Edinburgh: W. & A. B. Johnson. . . {{Christian crosses Moline Christian crosses Christian symbols Cross symbols
Examples
Crosses moline appear most notably in the arms of the following:
*Families:
** Molyneux, a mediaeval Anglo-French family, Earl of Sefton, Viscount Molyneux, Molyneux baronets, etc. A famous example of canting arms
Canting arms are heraldry, heraldic bearings that represent the bearer's name (or, less often, some attribute or function) in a visual pun or rebus.
The expression derives from the latin ''cantare'' (to sing).
French heralds used the term (), ...
: ''Azure, a cross moline or'' (Burke's Armorials, 1884)
**the House of Broglie
The House of Broglie (, also ; , or ) is a distinguished French noble family, originally Piedmontese, who migrated to France in the year 1643. Members of this family bore the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, granted to them in 1759 by ...
*Institutions:
**The University of Nottingham
The University of Nottingham is a public research university in Nottingham, England. It was founded as University College Nottingham in 1881, and was granted a royal charter in 1948.
Nottingham's main campus (University Park Campus, Nottingh ...
*Modern examples:
Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council
**
My Chemical Romance
My Chemical Romance is an American Rock music, rock band from New Jersey. The band's current lineup consists of lead vocalist Gerard Way, lead guitarist Ray Toro, rhythm guitarist Frank Iero, and bassist Mikey Way. They are considered one of ...
used a cross moline for MCRX.
** Club Independiente Santa Fe from Bogotá, Colombia, used a cross moline in their first badge.
Cercelée
A cross cercelée, sarcelly, or recercelée is an exaggerated cross moline, and to a lesser extent similar to the anchored cross, with its forked tips curving around both ways, like a ram's horns. The form is also called ''recercelée'', for example by Boutell. Over time, English and French heralds reinterpreted the term (sometimes even treating the various spellings as multiple words with different meanings); because many crosses sarcelly were also depicted voided, some writers later used the term to mean voided, applied it to animals to mean cut in half, or applied it tobordure
In heraldry, a bordure is a band of contrasting tincture forming a border around the edge of a shield, traditionally one-sixth as wide as the shield itself. It is sometimes reckoned as an ordinary and sometimes as a subordinary.
A bordure encl ...
s meaning engrailed or indented.
See also
* ClechéReferences
Sources
* * * *Further reading
*Brooke-Little, J P, Norroy and Ulster King of Arms, ''An heraldic alphabet'' (new and revised edition), Robson Books, London, 1985 (first edition 1975); very few illustrations * Civic Heraldry of England and Wales, fully searchable with illustrations, http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk * Clark, Hugh (1892).An Introduction to Heraldry, 18th ed.
' (Revised by J. R. Planché). London: George Bell & Sons. First published 1775. . * Canadian Heraldic Authority, Public Register, with many useful official versions of modern coats of arms, searchable online http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/main.asp?lang=e * Cussans, John E. (2003).
Handbook of Heraldry
'.
Kessinger Publishing
Kessinger Publishing, LLC is an American print-on-demand publishing company located in Whitefish, Montana, that specializes in rare, out-of-print books. In 2009, the company produced 190,175 titles and was reported to be the third-largest prod ...
. .
* Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). A Complete Guide to Heraldry
'. New York: Dodge Pub. Co. . *Friar, Stephen (ed) ''A New Dictionary of Heraldry'' Alphabooks, Sherborne, 1987; with very few illustration of attitudes* Greaves, Kevin, ''A Canadian Heraldic Primer'', Heraldry Society of Canada, Ottawa, 2000, lots but not enough illustrations * Heraldry Society (England), members' arms, with illustrations of bearings, searchable online http://www.theheraldrysociety.com/ * Heraldry Society of Scotland, members' arms, fully searchable with illustrations of bearings, https://web.archive.org/web/20130507090132/http://heraldry-scotland.com/copgal/thumbnails.php?album=7 * Innes of Learney, Sir Thomas, Lord Lyon King of Arms ''Scots Heraldry'' (second edition)Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1956 * Moncreiffe of Easter Moncreiffe, Iain, Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms, and Pottinger, Don, Herald Painter Extraordinary to the Court of the Lord Lyon King of Arms ''Simple Heraldry'', Thomas Nelson and Sons, London andf Edinburgh, 1953; splendidly illustrated * Neubecker, Ottfried (1976). ''Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning''. Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill. . * Royal Heraldry Society of Canada, ''Members' Roll of Arms'', with illustrations of bearings, searchable online http://www.heraldry.ca/ * South African Bureau of Heraldry, data on registered heraldic representations (part of National Archives of South Africa); searchable online (but no illustration), http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl * Volborth, Carl-Alexander von (1981). ''Heraldry: Customs, Rules and Styles''. Poole, England: Blandford Press. . * Woodcock, Thomas and John Martin Robinson (1988). ''The Oxford Guide to Heraldry''. Oxford: University Press. . * Woodward, John and George Burnett (1969).
Woodward's a treatise on heraldry, British and foreign
'. Originally published 1892, Edinburgh: W. & A. B. Johnson. . . {{Christian crosses Moline Christian crosses Christian symbols Cross symbols