craniofacial abnormalities
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Craniofacial abnormalities are congenital
musculoskeletal The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the human locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. The musculoskeletal system prov ...
disorders which primarily affect the cranium and
facial bone The facial skeleton comprises the ''facial bones'' that may attach to build a portion of the skull. The remainder of the skull is the braincase. In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the ''membranous viscerocr ...
s. They are associated with the development of the
pharyngeal arch The pharyngeal arches, also known as visceral arches'','' are structures seen in the embryonic development of vertebrates that are recognisable precursors for many structures. In fish, the arches are known as the branchial arches, or gill arche ...
es. Approximately, 5% of the UK or USA population present with dentofacial deformities requiring
Orthognathic surgery Orthognathic surgery (), also known as corrective jaw surgery or simply jaw surgery, is surgery designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face related to structure, growth, airway issues including sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusi ...
, jaw surgery, and Orthodontics, brace therapy, as a part of their definitive treatment.


Notable conditions

* Platybasia * Arrhinia - absence of the nose * Craniosynostosis - premature fusion of the cranial sutures *
Cyclopia Cyclopia (named after the Greek mythology character cyclopes) is the most extreme form of holoprosencephaly and is a congenital disorder (birth defect) characterized by the failure of the embryonic prosencephalon to properly divide the orbits of ...
- one eye *
Mobius syndrome Moebius, Möbius or Mobius may refer to: People * August Ferdinand Möbius (1790–1868), German mathematician and astronomer * Theodor Möbius (1821–1890), German philologist * Karl Möbius (1825–1908), German zoologist and ecologist * Paul ...
- paralysis of the facial muscles


References


External links

Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system {{musculoskeletal-stub