In
linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Ling ...
, a feature of a word or phrase is said to be covert if there is no surface evidence of its existence within that word or phrase. For example, many languages have covert
grammatical gender
In linguistics, grammatical gender system is a specific form of noun class system, where nouns are assigned with gender categories that are often not related to their real-world qualities. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all noun ...
in nouns, in that there is no way to tell from the form of a noun which gender it is; gender only becomes apparent in, for example,
articles and
adjectival agreement, which depend on gender. In
German instruction, the article (''der'', ''die'', ''das'') is generally taught along with a noun, so that the student may remember which gender the noun is. In spoken
French,
grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). English and other languages present number categories of ...
is largely covert: the singular and plural forms of most nouns are identical in pronunciation. However, number is still relevant, as it affects articles and
verbal agreement, so it is still logical to say that one instance of a noun is singular, and that another instance, pronounced identically, is plural.
A covert feature is different from a
null morpheme
In morphology, a null morpheme or zero morpheme is a morpheme that has no phonetic form. In simpler terms, a null morpheme is an "invisible" affix. It is a concept useful for analysis, by contrasting null morphemes with alternatives that do have ...
, such as the
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
singular, which is marked by the ''absence'' of a morpheme that occurs elsewhere. That is, whereas in English the null-marked singular contrasts with an overt ''-s'' plural in most nouns, in French both singular and plural are null; in English it is clear that ''cat'' is singular, because it is not the plural ''cats'', whereas in spoken French, it cannot be known whether ''chat(s)'' spoken in isolation is singular or plural.
See also
*
Zero-marking language
Linguistic typology
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