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A colonial empire is a collective of territories (often called
colonies In modern parlance, a colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, colonies remain separate from the administration of the original country of the colonizers, the '' metropolitan state'' ...
), either contiguous with the imperial center or located
overseas Overseas may refer to: * ''Overseas'' (album), a 1957 album by pianist Tommy Flanagan and his trio *Overseas (band), an American indie rock band * "Overseas" (song), a 2018 song by American rappers Desiigner and Lil Pump * "Overseas" (Tee Grizzley ...
,
settled A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. A settler who migrates to an area previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited may be described as a pioneer. Settle ...
by the population of a certain
state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...
and governed by that state. Before the expansion of early modern European powers, other
empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...
s had conquered and colonized territories, such as the
Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Roman Republic, Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings aro ...
in
Iberia The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese language, Aragonese and Occitan language, Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a pe ...
, or the Chinese in what is now southern China. Modern colonial empires first emerged with a race of exploration between the then most advanced
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
an maritime powers,
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of th ...
and
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , ...
, during the 15th century. The initial impulse behind these dispersed maritime empires and those that followed was
trade Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exc ...
, driven by the new ideas and the
capitalism Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, private ...
that grew out of the European
Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ide ...
. Agreements were also made to divide the world up between them in 1479, 1493, and 1494. European
imperialism Imperialism is the state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of other areas, often through employing hard power (economic powe ...
was born out of competition between European Christians and Ottoman Muslims, the latter of which rose up quickly in the 14th century and forced the Spanish and Portuguese to seek new trade routes to
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...
, and to a lesser extent, China. Although colonies existed in
classical antiquity Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ...
, especially amongst the
Phoenicians Phoenicia () was an ancient thalassocratic civilization originating in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon. The territory of the Phoenician city-states extended and shrank throughout their his ...
and the
Ancient Greeks Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity ( AD 600), that comprised a loose collection of cult ...
who settled many islands and coasts of the
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on ...
, these colonies were politically independent from the
city-state A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. They have existed in many parts of the world since the dawn of history, including cities such as ...
s they originated from, and thus did not constitute a colonial empire. This paradigm shifted by the time of the Ptolemaic Empire, the
Seleucid Empire The Seleucid Empire (; grc, Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν, ''Basileía tōn Seleukidōn'') was a Greek state in West Asia that existed during the Hellenistic period from 312 BC to 63 BC. The Seleucid Empire was founded by the ...
, and the
Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Roman Republic, Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings aro ...
.


History


European colonial empires

Portugal began establishing the first global trade network and one of the first colonial empires under the leadership of
Henry the Navigator ''Dom'' Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator ( pt, Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador), was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15t ...
. The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories distributed across the globe (especially at one time in the 16th century) that are now parts of 60 different sovereign states. Portugal would eventually control
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
, territories such as what is now
Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
and some fishing ports in north, in the
Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America, North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. ...
;
Angola , national_anthem = "Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordinat ...
,
Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...
,
Portuguese Guinea Portuguese Guinea ( pt, Guiné), called the Overseas Province of Guinea from 1951 until 1972 and then State of Guinea from 1972 until 1974, was a West African colony of Portugal from 1588 until 10 September 1974, when it gained independence as G ...
, and
São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe (; pt, São Tomé e Príncipe (); English: " Saint Thomas and Prince"), officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe ( pt, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe), is a Portuguese-speaking ...
(among other territories and bases) in the
North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. Etymology The word ''north ...
and the Subsaharan
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
; cities, forts or territories in all the
Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
n subcontinents, as Muscat, Ormus and
Bahrain Bahrain ( ; ; ar, البحرين, al-Bahrayn, locally ), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, ' is an island country in Western Asia. It is situated on the Persian Gulf, and comprises a small archipelago made up of 50 natural islands and a ...
(amongst other bases) in the
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The bo ...
; Goa,
Bombay Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' fin ...
and Daman and Diu (amongst other coastal cities) in
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...
; Portuguese Ceylon;
Malacca Malacca ( ms, Melaka) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca. Its capital is Malacca City, dubbed the Historic City, which has bee ...
, bases in Southeast Asia and
Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...
, as
Makassar Makassar (, mak, ᨆᨀᨔᨑ, Mangkasara’, ) is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, Surabaya, Meda ...
,
Solor Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in the Solor Archipelago. The island supports a small population that has been whaling for hundreds of years. They speak the lang ...
,
Banda Banda may refer to: People * Banda (surname) * Banda Prakash (born 1954), Indian politician * Banda Kanakalingeshwara Rao (1907–1968), Indian actor * Banda Karthika Reddy (born 1977), Indian politician *Banda Singh Bahadur (1670–1716), Sikh ...
, Ambon and others in the
Moluccas The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...
,
Portuguese Timor Portuguese Timor ( pt, Timor Português) was a colonial possession of Portugal that existed between 1702 and 1975. During most of this period, Portugal shared the island of Timor with the Dutch East Indies. The first Europeans to arrive in th ...
; and the granted '' entrepôt''-base of
Macau Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a pop ...
and the entrepôt-enclave of
Dejima , in the 17th century also called Tsukishima ( 築島, "built island"), was an artificial island off Nagasaki, Japan that served as a trading post for the Portuguese (1570–1639) and subsequently the Dutch (1641–1854). For 220 years, i ...
(
Nagasaki is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. It became the sole port used for trade with the Portuguese and Dutch during the 16th through 19th centuries. The Hidden Christian Sites in the ...
) in
East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea ...
, amongst other smaller or short-lived possessions. During its '' Siglo de Oro'', the
Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire ( es, link=no, Imperio español), also known as the Hispanic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Hispánica) or the Catholic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Católica) was a colonial empire governed by Spain and its prede ...
had possession of
Mexico Mexico (Spanish language, Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a List of sovereign states, country in the southern portion of North America. It is borders of Mexico, bordered to the north by the United States; to the so ...
,
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sou ...
, the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
, all of
southern Italy Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half. The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the pe ...
, a stretch of territories from the
Duchy of Milan The Duchy of Milan ( it, Ducato di Milano; lmo, Ducaa de Milan) was a state in northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had been ruling the city sin ...
to the
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
,
Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
, and
Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to ...
, parts of
Burgundy Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The ...
, and many colonial settlements in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Possessions in Europe, Africa, the
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...
, the Americas, the
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the conti ...
, and East Asia qualified the Spanish Empire as attaining a global presence. From 1580 to 1640 the
Portuguese Empire The Portuguese Empire ( pt, Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (''Ultramar Português'') or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (''Império Colonial Português''), was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and the ...
and the Spanish Empire were conjoined in a
personal union A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interli ...
of its Habsburg monarchs during the period of the ''Iberian Union'', but beneath the highest level of government, their separate administrations were maintained. Subsequent colonial empires included the
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
,
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ...
, Dutch and Japanese empires. By the mid-17th century, the
Tsardom of Russia The Tsardom of Russia or Tsardom of Rus' also externally referenced as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter I ...
, continued later as the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...
, the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
, and modern Russian, became the largest contiguous state in the world and remains so to this day. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century, by virtue of its technological and maritime supremacy, the
British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts e ...
steadily expanded to become by far the largest empire in history; at its height ruling over a quarter of the Earth’s land area and 24% of the population. Britain’s role as a global hegemon during this time ushered in a century of “ British Peace”, lasting from the end of the
French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, sometimes called the Great French War, were a series of conflicts between the French and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars again ...
to the start of
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
. During the
New Imperialism In historical contexts, New Imperialism characterizes a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Com The period featured an unprecedented pursuit of over ...
, Italy and Germany also built their colonial empires in Africa.


Timeline

The chart below shows the span of some European colonial empires. * Black lines mark the year of the empires largest territorial extent of land area. * Red represents that the empire is at that time a
monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic ( constitutional monar ...
. * Blue represents that the empire is at that time a
republic A republic () is a " state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th ...
. ImageSize = width:750 height:450 PlotArea = width:650 height:350 left:50 bottom:50 DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1400 till:2000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:50 start:1400 # there is no automatic collision detection, # so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap Colors= id:red value:red Define $dx = 25 # shift text to right side of bar Define $dy = -5 # adjust height PlotData= bar:Belgian color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1908 till:1962 shift:($dx,-2) color:red at:1928 mark: (line,black) bar:British color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1707 till:1997 shift:($dx,-2) color:red at:1920 mark: (line,black) bar:Danish color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1536 till:1953 shift:($dx,-2) color:red at:1810 mark: (line,black) bar:Dutch color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1602 till:1806 shift:($dx,-2) color:blue from:1806 till:1975 shift:($dx,-2) color:red at:1806 mark: (line,red) at:1930 mark: (line,black) bar:English color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1585 till:1649 shift:($dx,-2) color:red from:1649 till:1660 shift:($dx,-2) color:blue from:1660 till:1707 shift:($dx,-2) color:red at:1649 mark: (line,blue) at:1660 mark: (line,red) at:1707 mark: (line,black) bar:French color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1534 till:1792 shift:($dx,-2) color:red from:1792 till:1814 shift:($dx,-2) color:blue from:1814 till:1870 shift:($dx,-2) color:red from:1870 till:1980 shift:($dx,-2) color:blue at:1792 mark: (line,blue) at:1814 mark: (line,red) at:1870 mark: (line,blue) at:1920 mark: (line,black) bar:German color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1884 till:1918 shift:($dx,-2) color:red at:1912 mark: (line,black) bar:Italian color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1885 till:1946 shift:($dx,-2) color:red from:1946 till:1960 shift:($dx,-2) color:blue at:1946 mark: (line,blue) at:1939 mark: (line,black) bar:Portuguese color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1415 till:1999 shift:($dx,-2) color:red from:1910 till:1999 shift:($dx,-2) color:blue at:1910 mark: (line,blue) at:1815 mark: (line,black) bar:Russian color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1721 till:1917 shift:($dx,-2) color:red at:1895 mark: (line,black) bar:Spanish color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1492 till:1931 shift:($dx,-2) color:red from:1931 till:1947 shift:($dx,-2) color:blue from:1947 till:1975 shift:($dx,-2) color:red at:1873 mark: (line,blue) at:1874 mark: (line,blue) at:1931 mark: (line,blue) at:1810 mark: (line,black) at:1947 mark: (line,blue) bar:Swedish color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7 from:1638 till:1663 shift:($dx,-2) color:red from:1784 till:1878 shift:($dx,-2) color:red at:1658 mark: (line,black)


List of colonial empires

: * Belgian Empire (1908–1962) ** (1908–1960) **
Ruanda-Urundi Ruanda-Urundi (), later Rwanda-Burundi, was a colonial territory, once part of German East Africa, which was occupied by troops from the Belgian Congo during the East African campaign in World War I and was administered by Belgium under milita ...
(1922–1962) **
Belgian concession of Tianjin The Belgian concession of Tianjin (; ; ) was a 120 acre Belgian colonial concession in the Chinese city of Tianjin between 1902 and 1931, the only Belgian concession in China. Although its own concession had not been developed, Belgium had bee ...
(1902–1931) *
British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts e ...
(1707–1997/
present The present (or here'' and ''now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of ...
) ** Evolution of the British Empire;
English colonial empire The English overseas possessions, also known as the English colonial empire, comprised a variety of overseas territories that were colonised, conquered, or otherwise acquired by the former Kingdom of England during the centuries before the Ac ...
(1585–1707) **Possessions in Europe ***
British Cyprus British Cyprus was the island of Cyprus under the dominion of the British Empire, administered sequentially from 1878 to 1914 as a British protectorate, from 1914 to 1925 as a unilaterally annexed military occupation, and from 1925 to 1960 as a ...
***
British Malta The Crown Colony of the Island of Malta and its Dependencies (commonly known as the Crown Colony of Malta or simply Malta) was the British colony in the Maltese islands, today the modern Republic of Malta. It was established when the Malta Pro ...
*** British Ireland *** United States of the Ionian Islands **Possessions in Africa ***
British Somaliland British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate ( so, Dhulka Maxmiyada Soomaalida ee Biritishka), was a British protectorate in present-day Somaliland. During its existence, the territory was bordered by Italian Somalia, French So ...
(1884–1960) ***
British Egypt The history of Egypt under the British lasted from 1882, when it was occupied by British forces during the Anglo-Egyptian War, until 1956 after the Suez Crisis, when the last British forces withdrew in accordance with the Anglo-Egyptian agreem ...
(1914–1936) ***
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ( ar, السودان الإنجليزي المصري ') was a condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt in the Sudans region of northern Africa between 1899 and 1956, corresponding mostly to the territory of present-day ...
(1899–1956) *** East Africa Protectorate (1895–1920) ***
Kenya Colony The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, commonly known as British Kenya or British East Africa, was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British Crown colony in ...
(1920–1963) *** Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962) ***
Tanganyika (territory) Tanganyika was a colonial territory in East Africa which was administered by the United Kingdom in various guises from 1916 to 1961. It was initially administered under a military occupation regime. From 20 July 1922, it was formalised into a L ...
(1922–1961) *** Protectorate of
Nyasaland Nyasaland () was a British protectorate located in Africa that was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name. Between 1953 and 1963, Nyasaland was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasala ...
(1893–1964) *** Protectorate of
Northern Rhodesia Northern Rhodesia was a British protectorate in south central Africa, now the independent country of Zambia. It was formed in 1911 by amalgamating the two earlier protectorates of Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesi ...
(1924–1964) *** Colony of
Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked self-governing colony, self-governing British Crown colony in southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River. The reg ...
(1923–1965), (1979–1980) ***
Bechuanaland Protectorate The Bechuanaland Protectorate () was a protectorate established on 31 March 1885, by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) in Southern Africa. It became the Republic ...
(1885–1966) ***
British Nigeria Colonial Nigeria was ruled by the British Empire from the mid-nineteenth century until 1960 when Nigeria achieved independence. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to British subjects in 1807. Britain a ...
(1914–1954) *** British Gold Coast (1867–1957) *** British Sierra Leone (1808–1961) ***
British Gambia The Gambia Colony and Protectorate was the British colonial administration of the Gambia from 1821 to 1965, part of the British Empire in the New Imperialism era. The colony was the immediate area surrounding Bathurst (now Banjul), and the pr ...
(1821–1965) ** Possessions in the Americas *** *** British West Indies ****
Bahamas The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the West Indies in the North Atlantic. It takes up 97% of the Lucayan Archipelago's land area and is home to 88% of the a ...
****
Barbados Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of the Americas, and the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands. It occupies an area of and has a population of about 287,000 (2019 estima ...
**** **** (1671–1816),(1833–1958) **** (1833–1960) **** ****
Colony of Jamaica The Crown Colony of Jamaica and Dependencies was a British colony from 1655, when it was captured by the English Protectorate from the Spanish Empire. Jamaica became a British colony from 1707 and a Crown colony in 1866. The Colony was prima ...
(1655–1962) ****
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago (, ), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Consisting of the main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much smaller islands, it is situated south of ...
**** *** (1862–1981) *** (1814–1966) *** Mosquito Coast (1638–1787), (1844–1860) **Possessions in South Asia *** (1757–1858) **** ****
Bombay Presidency The Bombay Presidency or Bombay Province, also called Bombay and Sind (1843–1936), was an administrative subdivision (province) of British India, with its capital in the city that came up over the seven islands of Bombay. The first mainl ...
****
Madras Presidency The Madras Presidency, or the Presidency of Fort St. George, also known as Madras Province, was an administrative subdivision (presidency) of British India. At its greatest extent, the presidency included most of southern India, including the ...
*** (1858–1947) *** (1815–1948) *** (protectorate) (1907–1947) ***
Sikkim Sikkim (; ) is a state in Northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Province No. 1 of Nepal in the west and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also close to the Sil ...
(protectorate) (1861–1947) ***
Kingdom of Nepal The Kingdom of Nepal ( ne, नेपाल अधिराज्य), also known as the Gorkha Empire ( ne, गोरखा अधिराज्य) or Asal Hindustan ( ne, असल हिन्दुस्तान)(), was a Hindu king ...
(protectorate) (1816–1923) *** (protectorate) (1879–1919) **Possessions in East Asia *** (1841–1997) *** Port Hamilton incident **Possessions in the Middle East *** (1820–1971) *** British Bahrain *** British Qatar (1916–1971) *** British Iraq (1920–1932) *** (1921–1946) *** (1920–1948) ***
Sheikhdom of Kuwait ) , image_map = kuwait in its region 1913-1922.jpg , image_map_caption = , capital = Kuwait City , latd = , latm = , latNS = , longd = ...
(1899–1961) ***
Aden Protectorate The Aden Protectorate ( ar, محمية عدن ') was a British protectorate in South Arabia which evolved in the hinterland of the port of Aden and in the Hadhramaut following the conquest of Aden by the Bombay Presidency of British India ...
(1872–1963) ***
Muscat and Oman The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman ( ar, سلطنة مسقط وعمان, Salṭanat Masqaṭ wa-‘Umān), also known briefly as the State of Muscat and Oman () during the rule of Taimur bin Feisal, was a sovereign state that encompassed the pres ...
(1892–1970) **Possessions in Southeast Asia ***
British Bencoolen British Bencoolen was a possession of the British East India Company (EIC) extending about 300 miles along the southwestern coast of Sumatra and centered on the area of what is now Bengkulu City. The EIC established a presence there in 1685, and ...
***
British Malaya The term "British Malaya" (; ms, Tanah Melayu British) loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century. ...
***
British Borneo British Borneo comprised the four northern parts of the island of Borneo, which are now the country of Brunei, two Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, and the Malaysian federal territory of Labuan. During the British colonial rule before Wor ...
**Dominions of the United Kingdom *** *** ***
States and territories of Australia The states and territories are federated administrative divisions in Australia, ruled by regional governments that constitute the second level of governance between the federal government and local governments. States are self-governing ...
(1901–present) ****The
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...
, itself a colony that gradually increased its independence in 1901, 1942 and 1986, was tasked with the government of multiple other British colonies and territories and the mandates of
New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torres ...
and
Nauru Nauru ( or ; na, Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru ( na, Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Oceania, in the Central Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in ...
*** Realm of New Zealand (1907–present) ****The
New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island coun ...
, itself a colony that gradually increased its independence in 1907, 1947 and 1986, was tasked with the government of multiple other British colonies and territories and the mandate of
Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands ( Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands ( Manono and Apolima); ...
. It was also nominal co-trustee of the mandate of
Nauru Nauru ( or ; na, Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru ( na, Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Oceania, in the Central Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in ...
. The remaining non-self-governing New Zealand territory is Tokelau. *** Mandates under South African administration (1915–1990) ****The
South-West Africa South West Africa ( af, Suidwes-Afrika; german: Südwestafrika; nl, Zuidwest-Afrika) was a territory under South African administration from 1915 to 1990, after which it became modern-day Namibia. It bordered Angola (Portuguese colony before 1 ...
mandate was governed by the
Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Tr ...
, that itself a colony that gradually increased its independence in 1910, 1931 and 1961. * Danish Empire (1620–1979/
present The present (or here'' and ''now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of ...
) **
Danish India Danish India () was the name given to the colonies of Denmark (Denmark–Norway before 1814) in the Indian subcontinent, forming part of the Danish colonial empire. Denmark–Norway held colonial possessions in India for more than 200 years, ...
(1620–1869) ** Danish Gold Coast (1658–1850) ** Danish colonization of the Americas: *** Danish West Indies (1754–1917) ***
Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland ...
(1814–1979) * Dutch Empire (1602–1975/
Present The present (or here'' and ''now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of ...
) ** Dutch colonization of the Americas by : *** *** Dutch Guyana/Surinam ***
Dutch Brazil Dutch Brazil ( nl, Nederlands-Brazilië), also known as New Holland ( nl, Nieuw-Holland), was a colony of the Dutch Republic in the northeastern portion of modern-day Brazil, controlled from 1630 to 1654 during Dutch colonization of the Americ ...
***
Dutch Caribbean The Dutch Caribbean (historically known as the Dutch West Indies) are the territories, colonies, and countries, former and current, of the Dutch Empire and the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean Sea. They are in the north and south-wes ...
** ***
Dutch India Dutch India consisted of the settlements and trading posts of the Dutch East India Company on the Indian subcontinent. It is only used as a geographical definition, as there was never a political authority ruling all Dutch India. Instead, Dut ...
*** **** ***
Dutch Cape Colony The Cape Colony ( nl, Kaapkolonie) was a Dutch United East India Company (VOC) colony in Southern Africa, centered on the Cape of Good Hope, from where it derived its name. The original colony and its successive states that the colony was inco ...
(1652–1806) ***
Dutch Formosa The island of Taiwan, also commonly known as ''Formosa'', was partly under colonial rule by the Dutch Republic from 1624 to 1662 and from 1664 to 1668. In the context of the Age of Discovery, the Dutch East India Company established its presence ...
(1624–1662) * French colonial Empire (1534–1980/
present The present (or here'' and ''now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of ...
) **
French colonization of the Americas France began colonizing the Americas in the 16th century and continued into the following centuries as it established a colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere. France established colonies in much of eastern North America, on several Caribbe ...
: *** France Antarctique (1555–1567) *** (1534–1763) and
Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirte ...
***
French Louisiana The term French Louisiana refers to two distinct regions: * first, to colonial French Louisiana, comprising the massive, middle section of North America claimed by France during the 17th and 18th centuries; and, * second, to modern French Louisi ...
***
French West Indies The French West Indies or French Antilles (french: Antilles françaises, ; gcf, label= Antillean Creole, Antiy fwansez) are the parts of France located in the Antilles islands of the Caribbean: * The two overseas departments of: ** Guadeloupe ...
(1635–today) ***
Îles des Saintes The Îles des Saintes (; "Islands of the Female Saints"), also known as Les Saintes, is a group of small islands in the archipelago of Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France. It is part of the Canton of Trois-Rivières and is divided in ...
(1648–present) ***
Marie-Galante Marie-Galante ( gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Mawigalant) is one of the islands that form Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France. Marie-Galante has a land area of . It had 11,528 inhabitants at the start of 2013, but by the start of 2018 ...
(1635–present) ***
la Désirade La Désirade is an island in the French West Indies, in the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean. It forms part of Guadeloupe, an overseas region of France. History Archaeological evidence has been discovered that suggests that an Amerindian p ...
(1635–present) ***
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label= Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands— Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and ...
(1635–present) ***
Martinique Martinique ( , ; gcf, label= Martinican Creole, Matinik or ; Kalinago: or ) is an island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in ...
(1635–present) ***
French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label= French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic coast of South America in the Guianas ...
*** **Asia: ***
French India French India, formally the ( en, French Settlements in India), was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian Subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were '' ...
(1664–1962) ***
French Indochina French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China),; vi, Đông Dương thuộc Pháp, , lit. 'East Ocean under French Control; km, ឥណ្ឌូចិនបារាំង, ; th, อินโดจีนฝรั่งเศส, ...
and
French Indochinese Union French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China),; vi, Đông Dương thuộc Pháp, , lit. 'East Ocean under French Control; km, ឥណ្ឌូចិនបារាំង, ; th, อินโดจีนฝรั่งเศส, ...
(1887–1954) **** Laos (protectorate) (1893–1953) **** Cambodia (protectorate) (1863–1953) ****
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making ...
*****
Cochinchina Cochinchina or Cochin-China (, ; vi, Đàng Trong (17th century - 18th century, Việt Nam (1802-1831), Đại Nam (1831-1862), Nam Kỳ (1862-1945); km, កូសាំងស៊ីន, Kosăngsin; french: Cochinchine; ) is a historical exon ...
(Southern Vietnam) (1858–1949) ***** Annam (protectorate) (Central Vietnam) (1883–1949) ***** Tonkin (protectorate) (Northern Vietnam) (1884–1949 ***
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
**** The foreign concessions :
French Concession of Shanghai The Shanghai French Concession; ; Shanghainese pronunciation: ''Zånhae Fah Tsuka'', group=lower-alpha was a foreign concession in Shanghai, China from 1849 until 1943, which progressively expanded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. T ...
(1849–1946),
Tianjin Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total popu ...
(1860–1946) and Hankou (1898–1946) **** The Spheres of French influence officially recognized by China on the provinces of
Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ...
,
Guangxi Guangxi (; ; alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam ...
,
Hainan Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , the largest and most populous island in China,The island of Taiwan, which is slightly l ...
,
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...
**** Shamian Island (1859–1949) (a fifth of the island) **** French Guangzhouwan(1898–1945) **Possessions in the Middle East ***
Mandate for Syria and Lebanon The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (french: Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; ar, الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان, al-intidāb al-fransi 'ala suriya wa-lubnān) (1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate foun ...
(1920–1946) ** French Africa: ***
French North Africa French North Africa (french: Afrique du Nord française, sometimes abbreviated to ANF) is the term often applied to the territories controlled by France in the North African Maghreb during the colonial era, namely Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. I ...
(1830–1934) and
French Algeria French Algeria (french: Alger to 1839, then afterwards; unofficially , ar, الجزائر المستعمرة), also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of French colonisation of Algeria. French rule in the region began in 1830 with the ...
***
French Morocco The French protectorate in Morocco (french: Protectorat français au Maroc; ar, الحماية الفرنسية في المغرب), also known as French Morocco, was the period of French colonial rule in Morocco between 1912 to 1956. The prot ...
(1912–1956) ***
French Tunisia The French protectorate of Tunisia (french: Protectorat français de Tunisie; ar, الحماية الفرنسية في تونس '), commonly referred to as simply French Tunisia, was established in 1881, during the French colonial Empire era, ...
(1886–1956) ***
French Somaliland French Somaliland (french: Côte française des Somalis, lit= French Coast of the Somalis so, Xeebta Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiiska) was a French colony in the Horn of Africa. It existed between 1884 and 1967, at which time it became the French Te ...
(1883–1967) ***
French West Africa French West Africa (french: Afrique-Occidentale française, ) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now B ...
(1895–1958) ***
French Madagascar The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (french: Colonie de Madagascar et dépendances) was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between 1897 and 1958 in what is now Madagascar. The colony was formerly a protectorate of France ...
(1897–1958) *** French Comoros (1866–1968) ***
French Equatorial Africa French Equatorial Africa (french: link=no, Afrique-Équatoriale française), or the AEF, was the federation of French colonial possessions in Equatorial Africa, extending northwards from the Congo River into the Sahel, and comprising what are ...
(1910–1958) *** Isle de France (1715–1810) ***
Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, ...
(1756–1810) *** The
Scattered Islands The Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (french: Îles Éparses or ''Îles Éparses de l'océan Indien'') consist of four small coral islands, an atoll, and a reef in the Indian Ocean, and have constituted the 5th district of the French South ...
*** Reunion island (1710–present) ***
Mayotte Mayotte (; french: Mayotte, ; Shimaore: ''Maore'', ; Kibushi: ''Maori'', ), officially the Department of Mayotte (french: Département de Mayotte), is an overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity of France. It is loca ...
(1841–present) **Oceania: *** (1906–1980) *** *** *** *** Clipperton island *
German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...
(1884–1920) ** Kamerun (1884–1918) **
Togoland Togoland was a German Empire protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 90,400 km2 (29,867 sq mi) in size. During the period ...
(1884–1916) ** German South West Africa (1884–1919) **
German New Guinea German New Guinea (german: Deutsch-Neu-Guinea) consisted of the northeastern part of the island of New Guinea and several nearby island groups and was the first part of the German colonial empire. The mainland part of the territory, called , ...
(1884–1919) **
German East Africa German East Africa (GEA; german: Deutsch-Ostafrika) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mo ...
(1885–1919) **
German Samoa German Samoa (german: Deutsch-Samoa) was a German protectorate from 1900 to 1920, consisting of the islands of Upolu, Savai'i, Apolima and Manono, now wholly within the independent state of Samoa, formerly ''Western Samoa''. Samoa was the la ...
(1900–1920) ** German Concession in Tientsin **German concession of Hankou ** German Tsingtao *** German
Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory The Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory was a German colonial empire, German leased territory in Qing dynasty, Imperial and Republic of China (1912–1949), Early Republican China from 1898 to 1914. Covering an area of , it centered on Jiaozhou Ba ...
*
Italian Empire The Italian colonial empire ( it, Impero coloniale italiano), known as the Italian Empire (''Impero Italiano'') between 1936 and 1943, began in Africa in the 19th century and comprised the colonies, protectorates, concessions and dependenci ...
(1882–1960) **
Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopi ...
(1882–1947) **
Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...
(1889–1947, 1950–1960 as Italian Trust Territory of Somaliland) **
Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
(1936–1941) ***
Italian East Africa Italian East Africa ( it, Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa. It was formed in 1936 through the merger of Italian Somalia, Italian Eritrea, and the newly occupied Ethiopian Empire, conquered in the S ...
(formed by merging Eritrea, Somaliland and Ethiopia: 1936–1947) **
Cyrenaica Cyrenaica ( ) or Kyrenaika ( ar, برقة, Barqah, grc-koi, Κυρηναϊκή ��παρχίαKurēnaïkḗ parkhíā}, after the city of Cyrene), is the eastern region of Libya. Cyrenaica includes all of the eastern part of Libya between ...
(1912–1947) **
Tripolitania Tripolitania ( ar, طرابلس '; ber, Ṭrables, script=Latn; from Vulgar Latin: , from la, Regio Tripolitana, from grc-gre, Τριπολιτάνια), historically known as the Tripoli region, is a historic region and former province o ...
(1912–1947) ***
Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Suda ...
(formed by merging Cyrenaica and Tripolitania in 1934. It dissolved in 1947. It also included the Southern Military Territory of Fezzan) ** Italian Islands of the Aegean (1912–1947) ** Italian Albania (1939–1943) ** Italian France (1940–1943) ** Italian Montenegro (1941–1943) **
Italian concession of Tientsin The Italian concession of Tianjin (, it, Concessione italiana di Tientsin) was a small territory ( concession) in central Tianjin (formerly romanized as Tientsin), China, controlled by the Kingdom of Italy between 1901 and 1943, officially ced ...
(1901–1947) *
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...
(1354–1908) **Asia: *** Protectorate of Aceh (1496–1903) ***
Ottoman Arabia The Ottoman era in the history of Arabia lasted from 1517 to 1918. Ottoman degree of control over these lands varied over the four centuries with the fluctuating strength or weakness of the Empire's central authority. History Early period In t ...
(1517–1919) *** Ottoman Cyprus (1571–1878) *** Ottoman Iraq (1538–1918) ***
Ottoman Syria Ottoman Syria ( ar, سوريا العثمانية) refers to divisions of the Ottoman Empire within the region of Syria, usually defined as being east of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the Euphrates River, north of the Arabian Desert and sout ...
(1517–1918) **Africa: *** (1867–1914) ***
Ottoman Egypt The Eyalet of Egypt (, ) operated as an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 to 1867. It originated as a result of the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517, following the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17) and the ...
(1517–1914) *** Ottoman Absinia (1554–1872) *** (1516–1830) *** (1551–1912) *** Ottoman Tunisia (1574–1881) **Europe: *** (1898–1913) *** (1475–1774) ***
Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina The Ottoman Empire era of rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina (first as a ''sanjak'', then as an ''eyalet'') and Herzegovina (also as a ''sanjak'', then ''eyalet'') lasted from 1463/1482 to 1878 ''de facto'', and until 1908 ''de jure''. Ottoman ...
(1463–1908) *** Ottoman Bulgaria (1396–1878) ***
Ottoman Crete The island of Crete ( ota, گریت ''Girīt'') was declared an Ottoman province ( eyalet) in 1646, after the Ottomans managed to conquer the western part of the island as part of the Cretan War, but the Venetians maintained their hold on the ...
(1667–1898) *** Ottoman Greece (1453–1830) *** Ottoman Hungary (1541–1699) *** Ottoman Serbia (1371–1817) *** Rumelia Eyalet (1365–1867) *** Sanjak of Rhodes (1522–1912) *** United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (1859–1862) *
Portuguese Empire The Portuguese Empire ( pt, Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (''Ultramar Português'') or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (''Império Colonial Português''), was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and the ...
(1415–1999) **
Evolution of the Portuguese Empire This article is a comprehensive list of all the actual possessions of the Portuguese Empire. Europe Portuguese founded factories in various places in Europe, with a purely commerce-focused strategy, different from the other continents. * Antwer ...
**
Portuguese colonization of the Americas Portuguese colonization of the Americas () constituted territories in the Americas belonging to the Kingdom of Portugal. Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. The Treaty of Tordesillas in ...
***
Colonial Brazil Colonial Brazil ( pt, Brasil Colonial) comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1815, when Brazil was elevated to a kingdom in union with Portugal as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Dur ...
(1500–1815) **
Portuguese India The State of India ( pt, Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (''Estado Português da Índia'', EPI) or simply Portuguese India (), was a state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of a s ...
(1505–1961) ** Portuguese Ceylon (1598–1658) **
Portuguese Timor Portuguese Timor ( pt, Timor Português) was a colonial possession of Portugal that existed between 1702 and 1975. During most of this period, Portugal shared the island of Timor with the Dutch East Indies. The first Europeans to arrive in th ...
(1702–1975) **
Portuguese Macau Portuguese Macau (officially the Province of Macau until 1976, and then the Autonomous Region of Macau from 1976 to 1999) was a Portuguese colony that existed from the first official Portuguese settlement in 1557 to the end of colonial rul ...
(1557–1999) **
Portuguese Malacca Portuguese control of Malacca, a city on the Malay Peninsula, refers to the 130 year period (1511–1641) when it was a possession of the Portuguese East Indies. It was conquered from the Malacca Sultanate as part of Portuguese attempts to ...
(1511–1641) **
Portuguese Nagasaki Portuguese Nagasaki and Ecclesiastical Nagasaki refer to the period during which the city of Nagasaki was under foreign administration, between the years of 1580 and 1587. Formally granted to the Jesuits, a representative of the Portuguese Crown wa ...
(1580–1587) ** Portuguese Oman (1507–1656) ** Tamão (1514–1521) ** Portuguese Africa ***
Portuguese East Africa Portuguese Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique) or Portuguese East Africa (''África Oriental Portuguesa'') were the common terms by which Mozambique was designated during the period in which it was a Portuguese colony. Portuguese Mozambique originally ...
(1498–1975) *** Portuguese West Africa (1575–1975) ***
Portuguese Guinea Portuguese Guinea ( pt, Guiné), called the Overseas Province of Guinea from 1951 until 1972 and then State of Guinea from 1972 until 1974, was a West African colony of Portugal from 1588 until 10 September 1974, when it gained independence as G ...
(1474–1974) ***
Portuguese Cape Verde Cape Verde was a colony of the Portuguese Empire from the initial settlement of the Cape Verde Islands in 1462 until the independence of Cape Verde in 1975. History 15th century The islands of Cape Verde was discovered in 1444 by Dom Prin ...
(1462–1975) *** Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (1470–1975) ***
Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá The Forte de São João Baptista de Ajudá (in English: ''Fort St. John the Baptist of Ouidah'') is a small restored fort in Ouidah, Benin. Built in 1721, it was the last of three European forts built in that town to tap the slave trade of the ...
(1721–1961) ***
Portuguese Gold Coast The Portuguese Gold Coast was a Portuguese colony on the West African Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) along the Gulf of Guinea. Established in 1482, the colony was officially incorporated into Dutch territory in 1642 following Portugal’s def ...
(1482–1642) *
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...
(1721–1917) **
Russian conquest of Siberia The Russian conquest of Siberia took place in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, when the Khanate of Sibir became a loose political structure of vassalages that were being undermined by the activities of Russian explorers. Although outnumber ...
**
Russian conquest of Central Asia The partially successful conquest of Central Asia by the Russian Empire took place in the second half of the nineteenth century. The land that became Russian Turkestan and later Soviet Central Asia is now divided between Kazakhstan in the nor ...
** Russian colonization of the Americas: ***
Russian America Russian America (russian: Русская Америка, Russkaya Amerika) was the name for the Russian Empire's colonial possessions in North America from 1799 to 1867. It consisted mostly of present-day Alaska in the United States, but a ...
(1733–1867) ** Sagallo (1889) **
Transcaucasia The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Arme ...
** Russian Port Arthur ** Russian concession in Tientsin *
Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire ( es, link=no, Imperio español), also known as the Hispanic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Hispánica) or the Catholic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Católica) was a colonial empire governed by Spain and its prede ...
(1492–1825/1898) **
Spanish colonization of the Americas Spain began colonizing the Americas under the Crown of Castile and was spearheaded by the Spanish . The Americas were invaded and incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, British America, and some small regions ...
*** New Spain, Viceroyalty of New Spain *** Viceroyalty of Peru *** Viceroyalty of New Granada *** Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata ** Spanish East Indies (1565–1898) *** Captaincy General of the Philippines ** Spanish Africa *** Spanish Guinea (1778–1968) *** Spanish Sahara (1884–1975) *** Spanish protectorate in Morocco (1912–1956) *** Ifni (Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña, 1476–1524/1859–1969). ** Habsburg Spain possessions in Europe: *** Duchy of Milan, Spanish Italy (1535–1713) *** Spanish Netherlands (1535–1713) * Swedish overseas colonies, Swedish Empire (1638–1663, 1733, 1784–1878) **Swedish colonies in the Americas *** New Sweden (1638–1655) *** Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy (1784–1878) ***
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label= Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands— Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and ...
(1813–1814) ** Swedish Gold Coast (1650–1658, 1660–1663) ** Swedish Africa Company ** Swedish East India Company ** Parangipettai (1733) ** Swedish Factory, Canton Factories (1757–1860)
: * Japanese colonial empire, Japanese Empire (1868–1945) ** Ezo as Hokkaido (1869–present) ** Ryukyu Kingdom, Ryukyu as Okinawa Prefecture (1879–1945 & 1972–present) ** Taiwan under Japanese rule, Taiwan (1895–1945) ** Karafuto Prefecture (1905–1949) ** Korea under Japanese rule, Korea (1910–1945) ** South Seas Mandate (1919–1947) ** (1932–1945) ** Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (1932–1945)
: * United States of America (1817–Unincorporated territories of the United States, present) **United States territorial acquisitions **American Colonization Society **Colony of Liberia (1821–1847) **Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, Philippines (1898–1946) **United States Military Government in Cuba (1898–1902) **United States Army Military Government in Korea (1945–1948) **United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu Islands (1950–1972) ** (1947–1994) **American imperialism **American Concession (Shanghai), American Concession in Shanghai (1848–1863) **Foreign concessions in Tianjin, American concession in Tianjin (1869–1902) ** Coalition Provisional Authority, Iraq (Coalition Provisional Authority) (2003–2004) * Habsburg monarchy Austrian colonial policy, Colonies and the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire (1719–1750, 1778–1783, 1901–1917) **Austrian colonial policy *** Ostend Company ****Bankipur (Bengal) ****Covelong ***Austrian East India Company ****Austrian colonisation of Nicobar Islands (1778–1785) ****History of Maputo#Austrian colonization, 1770s, Austrian Delagoa Bay (1773–1781) **** Móric Benyovszky, Móric Benyovszky's Madagascar (1774–1779) ****North Borneo, Austrian North Borneo **Franz Josef Land **Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin (1901–1917) **Hungarian colonial attempts * Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgarian Empire (1908–1946) **Pirin Macedonia (1908–1918) **Western Thrace (1923–1944) * Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1637–1795) and iniciatives ** Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (a Latvian vassal of Poland–Lithuania in 1637–1690): *** Couronian colonization, Couronian colonization in Africa *** Couronian colonization of the Americas ** Jaxa (state), Jaxa (1665–1685) ** Toco (1688–1689) ** Colonization attempts by Poland ** Polish occupation zone in Germany * List of former German colonies, German colonial initiatives (1683–1721) **List of former German colonies#Prussia, Colonies of Brandenburg-Prussia (1683–1721)Part of the Holy Roman Empire realm before 1804. **Hanauish Indies, Colonies of County of Hanau **Askania-Nova (urban-type settlement), Neu-Askania (1828–1856) **German colonization of the Americas * Italy and the colonization of the Americas ** Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Thornton expedition (1608–1609) ** Kingdom of Sicily: Kingdom of Africa (1135–1160) ** Knights Hospitaller (History of Malta under the Order of Saint John, Malta, a vassal of the Kingdom of Sicily): Hospitaller colonization of the Americas * Norway **List of possessions of Norway (1920–present) **Erik the Red's Land **Dependencies of Norway, Norway Antarctic and sub-Antarctic possessions (1927–1957)The dependencies of Norway are uninhabited, thus as end date is taken the latest date of full Norwegian sovereignty extension to such territory, instead of the date of decolonization or integration in the administrative structures of the mainland. Bouvet Island claimed in 1927, under Norway sovereignty since 1930.
Peter I Island claimed in 1929, under Norway sovereignty since 1933.
Queen Maud Land claimed in 1938, under Norway sovereignty since 1957.
Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land fall under the scope of the Antarctic Treaty System since 1961.
* Sweden-Norway (1814–1905) **Cooper Island (British Virgin Islands), Cooper Island (1844–1905) * Kingdom of Scotland (1621–1707) **Scottish colonization of the Americas * Kingdom of Morocco (1086–1228; 1975–present) **Al-Andalus **Southern Provinces * Omani Empire (1652–1892) **Yaruba dynasty (1624–1742) ** Sultanate of Muscat (1652–1820) ** (taken by Oman in 1698, became capital of the Omani Sultanate or Empire from 1632 or 1640; until 1890) **Mombasa (1698–1728, 1729–1744, 1837–1890) **Gwadar (1783–1958) *
Tsardom of Russia The Tsardom of Russia or Tsardom of Rus' also externally referenced as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter I ...
,
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...
, , and Russian Federation, Russian Federation (1547–1721) (1721–1917) (1917–1991) (1991–present) **Russian Colonialism **Soviet Empire **
Russian conquest of Siberia The Russian conquest of Siberia took place in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, when the Khanate of Sibir became a loose political structure of vassalages that were being undermined by the activities of Russian explorers. Although outnumber ...
**Soviet Central Asia *History of China#Imperial China, Chinese Empire (from Qin dynasty to Qing dynasty), (221 BC – 1911) **Chinese imperialism ***Tributary system of China, Imperial Chinese Tributary System ***
Guangxi Guangxi (; ; alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam ...
***Korea ****Canghai Commandery(A commandery that self subjugated to Han dynasty from Dongye) ****Four Commanderies of Han (Established after the fall of Gojoseon) ****Daifang Commandery (Offshoot of the former four commanderies of Han that existed in the 3rd to 4th century) ****Colonization attempts of the Tang dynasty after Unification of the three kingdoms of Korea (Gyerim Territory Area Command, Protectorate General to Pacify the East and Ungjin Commandery) ****Dongnyeong Prefectures, Ssangseong Prefectures and Tamna prefectures (Yuan dynasty) ***
Hainan Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , the largest and most populous island in China,The island of Taiwan, which is slightly l ...
(since the Han dynasty) **** Spratly Islands, Nansha Islands **** Paracel Islands, Xisha Islands *** Manchuria (during the Tang, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties) **** Northeast China, Inner Manchuria **** Outer Manchuria ***** Sakhalin, Kuye Island *** Inner Mongolia *** Outer Mongolia (during the Tang, Liao, Yuan, Northern Yuan, and Qing dynasties) **** Tuva, Tannu Uriankhai *** Taiwan (during the Qing dynasty) *** Tibet (during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties) ***
Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ...
*** Chinese domination of Vietnam, Vietnam (during the Han, Xin, Eastern Wu, Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, Sui, Tang, Wu Zhou, Southern Han, and Ming dynasties) *** Xinjiang *** Central Asia (during the Tang, Western Liao, and Qing dynasties) **** Protectorate General to Pacify the West * Ethiopians, Ethiopian colonies as the Kingdom of Aksum#King Kaleb, Aksum Empire **Ancient history of Yemen#Kingdom of Ḥimyar (2nd century BCE – 525 CE), Viceroyalty of Yemen (520–578) * Persian Empire (disambiguation), Persian Empires **History of Oman#Persian period, Oman (5th century BC–628; Afsharid Conquests in the Persian Gulf & Oman, 1743–1747) **
Bahrain Bahrain ( ; ; ar, البحرين, al-Bahrayn, locally ), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, ' is an island country in Western Asia. It is situated on the Persian Gulf, and comprises a small archipelago made up of 50 natural islands and a ...
(5th century BC–629; Uyunid dynasty, 1077–1253, Ormus#New Hormuz, 1330–1507) **Sasanian Yemen (570–628) *Aghlabids colonies as Arabs, Arab vassals of Abbasid Caliphate in Ifriqiya **History of Islam in southern Italy, Southern Italy ***Emirate of Sicily ***Emirate of Bari ***Islam in Malta#History, Malta * Chola empire **Srivijaya#Under the Cholas, Srivijaya **Chola conquest of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka * Rattanakosin Kingdom, Kingdom of Siam ** Kingdom of Vientiane (1778–1828) ** Kingdom of Luang Prabang (1778–1893) ** Kingdom of Champasak (1778–1893) ** Kingdom of Cambodia (1771–1867) **Siamese invasion of Kedah, Kedah (1821–1826) * (1799–1849) ** (1819–1846) ** (1834–1849) * **Romanian concession in Sarandë * Wales **Y Wladfa * ** Liga Federal (1815–1820) ** Protectorate of Peru, Peru (1820–1822) ** Riograndense Republic (1836–1845) ** Juliana Republic (1839–1845) ** Gobierno del Cerrito (1843–1851) ** Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina, Tierra del Fuego ** Conquest of the Desert, Patagonia ** Falkland Islands (1829–1831, 1832–1833, 1982) ** Argentine Antarctica ** Misiones ** Formosa province, Formosa ** Puna de Atacama ** Hippolyte Bouchard, California (1818) ** (1818) ** (1810–1816) ** Gonaïves, Haiti * **Clipperton Island **Revillagigedo Islands **Texas **California **Chiapas * ** **Chilean Antarctic Territory **Chiloé Province, Chiloé **Patagonia **Arica Department, Arica and Antofagasta *, ** Cisplatina ** Acre (state), Acre


Maps

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
an: File:Belgian colonial empire.png, Belgian colonial empire, Belgian Empire File:The British Empire.png,
British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts e ...
File:Denmark-Norway and possessions.png, Danish colonial empire, Danish Empire File:DutchEmpire15.png, Dutch Empire File:English overseas possessions in 1700.png, English Empire File:EmpireFrench.png, French colonial empire, French Empire File:German colonial.PNG,
German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...
File:Italian Empire total.png,
Italian Empire The Italian colonial empire ( it, Impero coloniale italiano), known as the Italian Empire (''Impero Italiano'') between 1936 and 1943, began in Africa in the 19th century and comprised the colonies, protectorates, concessions and dependenci ...
File:All areas of the world that were once part of the Portuguese Empire.png,
Portuguese Empire The Portuguese Empire ( pt, Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (''Ultramar Português'') or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (''Império Colonial Português''), was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and the ...
File:The Russian Empire-en.svg,
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...
File:Spanish Empire and Empire of Charles V.svg,
Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire ( es, link=no, Imperio español), also known as the Hispanic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Hispánica) or the Catholic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Católica) was a colonial empire governed by Spain and its prede ...
File:Sveriges alla besittningar genom tiderna.png, Swedish Empire
Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
n: File:Japanese Empire (orthographic projection).svg, Japanese Empire File:OttomanEmpireIn1683.png,
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...
List of empires#Possible and informal empires, Other countries with colonial possessions: File:Außengebiete der Vereinigten Staaten.png, Directly controlled territory of the United States at its greatest extent (1898–1902) File:Norway About 1265.png, Norwegian Realm File:AustrianColonies.png, Austro-Hungarian colonies and concessions throughout history File:Deutsche Kolonien.PNG, German colonies, German colonial efforts File:Rzeczpospolita voivodships.png, Duchy of Courland and Semigallia and its colonies as a vassal of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth File:Courland colonization Gambia.png, Couronian settlements in Africa File:Trinidad and Tobago-CIA WFB Map.png, Couronian settlements in Americas (New Courland on Tobago) File:Hospitaller colonization.png, Map of the Hospitaller order's territories in the Caribbean File:Corona aragonum 1441.svg, The Crown of Aragon File:Scottish Colonies in North America.png, Scottish colonization of the Americas File:Map of Morocco and Western Sahara-fr.svg, Map of Morocco and Western Sahara with the Southern Provinces in a darker color. File:Rajendra map new.svg, Chola empire, Chola Empire File:Tang Dynasty Map (vi version).jpg, Chinese sphere of influence during Tang dynasty File:Kingdom of Aksum Map.png, Aksum Empire and its possessions in Yemen File:Areas under Omani influence 18th-19th century.svg, Omani Empire and its oversea possessions around the Indian Ocean File:Timeline of Iran map.gif, Timeline of the Persian Empire (disambiguation) (disambiguation), Persian Empires and its overseas possessions in Yemen, Oman or Bahrein. File:Aghlabids Dynasty 800 - 909 (AD)-es.svg, Aghlabids and its Arab colonies


See also

* Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization * Colonial troops * Democratic empire * Empire * Great Divergence * Hegemony * History of Western civilization * Imperialism * List of ancient great powers * List of largest empires * List of medieval great powers * List of modern great powers * Middle Eastern empires * Nomadic empire * The empire on which the sun never sets


Notes and references


External links


Visualizing western empires decline
{{DEFAULTSORT:Colonial Empire History of colonialism, Empire Empires Overseas empires,