The coat of arms of Dalmatia is the
heraldic symbol used for the historical region of
Dalmatia on the eastern coast of
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the ...
. It is also featured on the ''crest'' of the
coat of arms of Croatia
The coat of arms of the Republic of Croatia ( hr, Grb Republike Hrvatske) consists of one main shield and five smaller shields which form a crown over the main shield. The main coat of arms is a checkerboard (chequy) that consists of 13 red an ...
.
History
The arms first appeared in 14th century
Gelre Armorial
The Gelre Armorial ( nl, Wapenboek Gelre) is a medieval armorial.
History
The armorial was compiled before 1396 by one Claes Heinenzoon (or Heynen, fl. 1345−1414) who was a herald in the service of the Duke of Guelders and also the creat ...
(pre-1396) representing
Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia (''Regnum Croatiae et Dalmatiae'') as part of the coat of arms of King
Louis I Louis I may refer to:
* Louis the Pious, Louis I of France, "the Pious" (778–840), king of France and Holy Roman Emperor
* Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia (ruled 1123–1140)
* Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158)
* Louis I of Blois ...
(1342-1382). Until 1526 these arms were used to represent Croatia in general
[Ivan Bojničić-Kninski ]
Grbovnica kraljevine "Slavonije", (1895)
- PDF file (in Croatian), accessed 28 February 2014 as can be seen from coat of arms of several kings:
Louis I Louis I may refer to:
* Louis the Pious, Louis I of France, "the Pious" (778–840), king of France and Holy Roman Emperor
* Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia (ruled 1123–1140)
* Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158)
* Louis I of Blois ...
,
Mary
Mary may refer to:
People
* Mary (name), a feminine given name (includes a list of people with the name)
Religious contexts
* New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below
* Mary, mother of Jesus, also call ...
,
Matthias Corvinus
Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I ( hu, Hunyadi Mátyás, ro, Matia/Matei Corvin, hr, Matija/Matijaš Korvin, sk, Matej Korvín, cz, Matyáš Korvín; ), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several mi ...
and
Louis II. It is also found on the great seals of
Sigismund of Luxembourg
Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 – 9 December 1437) was a monarch as King of Hungary and Croatia (''jure uxoris'') from 1387, King of Germany from 1410, King of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in ...
,
Albert II,
John Zápolya,
Ferdinand I, and from then on, on various seals and arms of the
Habsburgs.
Historically there are two main variants of these arms:
*The most widely used version is:
azure
Azure may refer to:
Colour
* Azure (color), a hue of blue
** Azure (heraldry)
** Shades of azure, shades and variations
Arts and media
* ''Azure'' (Art Farmer and Fritz Pauer album), 1987
* Azure (Gary Peacock and Marilyn Crispell album), 2013 ...
, with three crowned golden leopards' heads affrontés caboshed
Or, langued in
gules
In heraldry, gules () is the tincture with the colour red. It is one of the class of five dark tinctures called "colours", the others being azure (blue), sable (black), vert (green) and purpure (purple).
In engraving, it is sometimes depic ...
(three golden lion heads, facing front, with golden crowns and red tongues, on a blue shield). This variant dates from at least the very late 14th century, found on the ''Great Seal'' of King
Sigismund of Luxembourg
Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 – 9 December 1437) was a monarch as King of Hungary and Croatia (''jure uxoris'') from 1387, King of Germany from 1410, King of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in ...
(1395-1437). The
Republic of Venice in its Great Arms (18th century) used a variant with the same charge, but on a
gules
In heraldry, gules () is the tincture with the colour red. It is one of the class of five dark tinctures called "colours", the others being azure (blue), sable (black), vert (green) and purpure (purple).
In engraving, it is sometimes depic ...
(red) shield, with the tongues often gold rather than gules. Between 1815 and 1918, the crowned variant of this coat of arms, with the azure shield, was used by the Habsburg
Kingdom of Dalmatia. And from 1868 until 1918 as part of the coat of arms of
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in the upper
dexter
Dexter may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* Dexter, the main character of the American animated series '' Dexter's Laboratory'' that aired from 1996 to 2003
* Dexter, a fictional character in the British web series ''Diary of a Bad Man''
* Dext ...
quarter.
*Another, earlier version, was: gules, with three lion heads
argent
In heraldry, argent () is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals". It is very frequently depicted as white and usually considered interchangeable with it. In engravings and line drawings, regions to be ...
, facing dexter, langued and crowned
Or (meaning three white or silver lion heads, with golden crowns and tongues, turned to left, on a red shield). This variant dates from the mid-14th century as part of the arms of
Louis I of Hungary (1342-1382). A variation of these arms (gules, with three lion heads Argent, facing dexter) representing Croatia appeared in the book called ''Beschreibung der Reise von Konstanz nach Jerusalem'' (1486).
Arms charge
From a strictly
heraldic
Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branc ...
point of view the
charges
Charge or charged may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Films
* ''Charge, Zero Emissions/Maximum Speed'', a 2011 documentary
Music
* ''Charge'' (David Ford album)
* ''Charge'' (Machel Montano album)
* '' Charge!!'', an album by The Aqu ...
on the arms are not
lions but
heraldic leopards. The ''heraldic leopard'' differs from the real-life
leopard
The leopard (''Panthera pardus'') is one of the five extant species in the genus ''Panthera'', a member of the cat family, Felidae. It occurs in a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa, in some parts of Western and Central Asia, Southern Russia, a ...
(''Panthera pardus''). It does not have any spots and often has a
mane. Therefore, in heraldry, the ''leopard'' is generally similar, and is often referred to as a
lion (''Panthera leo''). The reason for this lies in the fact that in the
Middle Ages leopards were thought to be a
crossbreed
A crossbreed is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations. ''Crossbreeding'', sometimes called "designer crossbreeding", is the process of breeding such an organism, While crossbreeding is used to main ...
between a lion and a
pard.
Gallery
File:Louisdehongrie.jpg, As part of the arms of King Louis I - lower right quarter (Gelre Armorial, 14th century).
File:Coa Hungary Country History Mathias Corvinus (1458-1490) big.svg, As part of the great seal of King Matthias Corvinus
Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I ( hu, Hunyadi Mátyás, ro, Matia/Matei Corvin, hr, Matija/Matijaš Korvin, sk, Matej Korvín, cz, Matyáš Korvín; ), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several m ...
(1458-1490).
File:Coat of arms of Dalmatia from 1495 (Innsbruck).png, Coat of arms of Dalmatia depicted on a building fresco in Innsbruck, Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous c ...
(1495).
File:Wappen Königreich Dalmatien.jpg, Arms of Dalmatia in Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1 ...
(1851-1918), as drawn by Hugo Gerard Ströhl.
File:Wappen Königreich Dalmatien.png, Kingdom of Dalmatia (1815-1918), as drawn by Hugo Gerard Ströhl.
File:Coat of arms of Croatia (1868-1918) with crown.svg, As part of the arms of Triune Kingdom (1868-1918).
File:Coa Hungary Country History med (1915).svg, Dalmatia, as part of the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary.
See also
*
Flag of Dalmatia
*
Dalmatia
*
History of Dalmatia
The History of Dalmatia concerns the history of the area that covers eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and its inland regions, from the 2nd century BC up to the present day.
The earliest mention of Dalmatia as a province came after its establish ...
*
Kingdom of Dalmatia
*
Coat of arms of Croatia
The coat of arms of the Republic of Croatia ( hr, Grb Republike Hrvatske) consists of one main shield and five smaller shields which form a crown over the main shield. The main coat of arms is a checkerboard (chequy) that consists of 13 red an ...
*
Flags of Croatia
References
{{reflist
Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia