Butyryl-coenzyme A (or butyryl-CoA) is the
coenzyme A
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a subs ...
-containing derivative of
butyric acid
Butyric acid (; from grc, βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2CO2H. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unple ...
. It is acted upon by
butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, butanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase, butyryl dehydrogenase, unsaturated acyl-CoA reductase, ethylene reductase, enoyl-coenzyme A reductase, unsaturated acyl coenzyme A reductase, butyryl coenz ...
and an intermediary compound of
ABE fermentation
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.
Butyryl-CoA is a precursor to and converted from crotonyl-CoA. This interconversion is mediated by butyryl-COA dehydrogenase. FADH
- is the hydride to crotonyl-CoA and FAD
+ is the hydride acceptor. It is essential in reducing ferredoxins in anaerobic bacteria and archaea so that electron transport phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation can occur with increased efficiency.
From redox data, butyryl-COA dehydrogenase shows little to no activity at pH higher than 7.0. This is important as enzyme midpoint potential is at pH 7.0 and at 25 degrees C. Therefore, changes above from this value will denature the enzyme.
Within the human colon, butyrate helps supply energy to the gut epithelium and helps regulate cell responses.
Further reading
See also
*
Acyl-CoA
Acyl-CoA is a group of coenzymes that metabolize fatty acids. Acyl-CoA's are susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way ...
**
Fatty acyl-CoA esters
Fatty acyl-CoA esters are fatty acid derivatives formed of one fatty acid, a 3'-phospho-AMP linked to phosphorylated pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and cysteamine.
Long-chain acyl-CoA esters are substrates for a number of important enzymatic re ...
References
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Thioesters of coenzyme A