The biomedical model of medicine is the current dominating model of illness used in most Western healthcare settings, and is built from the perception that a state of health is defined purely in the absence of illness. The biomedical model contrasts with sociological theories of care, and is generally associated with poorer outcomes and greater health inequality when compared to socially-derived models. Forms of the biomedical model have existed since before 400 BC, with

Hippocrates Hippocrates of Kos (; grc-gre, Ἱπποκράτης ὁ Κῷος, Hippokrátēs ho Kôios; ), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history o ...

, the "father of medicine" advocating for physical aetiologies of illness. Despite this, the model did not form the dominant view of health until the 1800s during the

Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transfo ...

. Criticism of the model generally surrounds its perception that health is independent of the sociocultural setting in which it occurs, and can be defined one way, across all populations. Similarly, the model is also criticised for its view of the health system as socially and politically neutral, and not as a source of social or cultural power or embedded into the structure of society.

Features of the biomedical model

In their book ''Society, Culture and Health: an Introduction to Sociology for Nurses'', health sociologists Dr Karen Willis and Dr Shandell Elmer outline eight 'features' of the biomedical model's approach to illness and health. They are: * doctrine of specific aetiology: that all illness and disease is attributable to a specific, physiological dysfunction *body as a machine: that the body is formed of machinery to be fixed by medical doctors * mind-body distinction: that the mind and body are separate entities that do not interrelate * reductionism *narrow definition of health: a state of health is always the absence of a definable illness *individualistic: that sources of ill-health are always in the individual, and not the environment which health occurs *treatment versus prevention: that the focus of health is on diagnosis and treatment of illness, not prevention *treatment imperative: that medicine can 'fix the broken machinery' of ill-health *neutral scientific process: that health care systems and agents of health are socially and culturally detached and irrelevant

References

{{Reflist Medical models

Features of the biomedical model

See also

References