A banner (, as "khoshun" in
Mongolian) is an
administrative division
Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
of the
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China, equivalent to a county-level administrative division.
Banners were first used during the
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
, which organized the Mongols into banners except those who belonged to the
Eight Banners. Each banner had
sums as nominal subdivisions. In Inner Mongolia, several banners made up a
league
League or The League may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Leagues'' (band), an American rock band
* ''The League'', an American sitcom broadcast on FX and FXX about fantasy football
Sports
* Sports league
* Rugby league, full contact footba ...
. In the rest, including
Outer Mongolia, northern
Xinjiang
Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwes ...
and
Qinghai
Qinghai (; alternately romanized as Tsinghai, Ch'inghai), also known as Kokonor, is a landlocked province in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. It is the fourth largest province of China by area and has the third smallest po ...
,
Aimag
An aimag (, ; xal, әәмг, ), originally a Mongolian word meaning 'tribe', is an administrative subdivision in Mongolia, Russia, and in the Inner Mongolia region of China.
Mongolia
In Mongolia, an aimag is the first-level administrativ ...
(Аймаг) was the largest administrative division. While it restricted the Mongols from crossing banner borders, the dynasty protected Mongolia from
population pressure from
China proper. After the
Mongolian People's Revolution, the banners of Outer Mongolia were abolished in 1923.
There were 49 banners and 24 tribes in Inner Mongolia during the Republic of China.
Today, banners are a
county-level division in the
Chinese administrative hierarchy. There are 52 banners in total, include 3 autonomous banners.
Banners
The following list of 49 individual Banners is sorted alphabetically according to the banner's specific title (i.e. ignoring adjectives such as New, Old, Left, Right, and so on).
*
Abag Banner; League: Xilingol
*
Alxa Right Banner; League: Alxa
*
Alxa Left Banner; League: Alxa
*
Aohan Banner
*
Ar Horqin Banner
*
Arun Banner
*
Bairin Left Banner
*
Bairin Right Banner
*
Old Barag Banner
*
New Barag Left Banner
*
New Barag Right Banner
*
Chahar Right Middle Banner
*
Chahar Right Front Banner
*
Chahar Right Rear Banner
Chahar Right Rear Banner ( Mongolian: ; Цахар баруун гарын хойд хошуу; ''Čaqar Baraɣun Ɣarun Qoyitu qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Shangdu County to the northeast, ...
*
Dalad Banner
*
Darhan Muminggan United Banner
Darhan Muminggan United Banner ( Mongolian: Дарқан Муумиңған Қолбоғату қосиғу ''Darqan Muumiŋghan Qolboghatu qosighu''; ) is a banner of west-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the ...
*
Ejin Banner; League: Alxa
*
Ejin Horo Banner
*
Hanggin Banner
Hanggin or Hangjin Banner is a banner in southwest Inner Mongolia in the People's Republic of China. Occupying the northwest corner of the Ordos Loop, it is under the administration of Ordos Prefecture and is bordered by Dalad Banner to the ea ...
*
Hanggin Rear Banner
*
Harqin Banner
Harqin Banner ( Mongolian: ''Qaračin qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Chifeng
Chifeng ( zh, s=赤峰市), also known as Ulanhad ( mn, (Улаанхад ...
*
Hexigten Banner
*
Horqin Left Rear Banner
*
Horqin Left Middle Banner
Horqin Left Middle Banner ( Mongolian script: ; ), formerly known as Darhan hoshuu, is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Jilin province to the east. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, ...
*
Horqin Right Front Banner; League: Hinggan
*
Horqin Right Middle Banner; League: Hinggan
*
Hure Banner
*
Jalaid Banner; League: Hinggan
*
Jarud Banner
Jarud Banner ( Mongolian: ; ) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, , and the China National Highway 304 passes through the area.
Climate
Jarud Banner has a monsoon ...
*
Jungar Banner
Jungar Banner ( Mongolian: , Зүүнгар хошуу ''Jegünɣar qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of western Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, lying on the western (right) bank of the Yellow River and bordering the provinces of Shanxi to th ...
*Muminggan Banner ->
Darhan Muminggan United Banner
Darhan Muminggan United Banner ( Mongolian: Дарқан Муумиңған Қолбоғату қосиғу ''Darqan Muumiŋghan Qolboghatu qosighu''; ) is a banner of west-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the ...
*
Naiman Banner
*
Ongniud Banner
Ongniud Banner ( Mongolian: ''Oŋniɣud qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Chifeng
Chifeng ( zh, s=赤峰市), also known as Ulanhad ( mn, (Улаанхад х� ...
*
Otog Banner
Otog Banner ( Mongolian: ''Otoɣ qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of southwestern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Ordos City, and borders Otog Front Banner to the southwest and Uxin Banner to the southeas ...
*
Otog Front Banner
*
Siziwang Banner
*
Sonid Left Banner; League: Xilingol
*
Sonid Right Banner; League: Xilingol
*
Taibus Banner; League: Xilingol
*
Tumed Left Banner
*
Tumed Right Banner
Tumed Right Banner ( mn, , translit=Tumed Baruun Hôxûû}, ; / ''Měng-Hàn cídiǎn'' 《蒙汉词典》. Hohhot: / Nèi Ménggǔ Dàxué Chūbǎnshè 内蒙古大学出版社, 1999; . zh, s=土默特右旗, p=Tǔmòtè Yòuqí) is a banner o ...
*
East Ujimqin Banner
East Ujimqin Banner ( Mongolian: ''Jegün Ujumučin qosiɣu''; ) is a banner in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League.
Geography and climate
Eas ...
; League: Xilingol
*
West Ujimqin Banner; League: Xilingol
*
Urad Rear Banner
*
Urad Middle Banner
*
Urad Front Banner
*
Uxin Banner
Uxin Banner ( Mongolian: ''Üüsin qosiɣu''; Mongolian Cyrillic: Үүшин Хошуу; ) (or Wushen) is a banner in the southwest of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bounded to the south by Shaanxi province. It borders the banners ...
*
Xianghuang Banner
Xianghuang (Hobot Xar) Banner, historically also known as Bordered Yellow Banner ( Mongolian: Хөвөөт Шар хошуу ''Köbegetü Sir-a qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol
...
; League: Xilingol
*
Zhenglan Banner
Zhenglan (Xulun Hoh) Banner, also known as Plain Blue Banner or Shuluun Huh Banner, ( Mongolian: , , Khalkha: Шулуун хөх хошуу, ''Shuluun höh hoshuu''; ) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Hebei province to the south ...
; League: Xilingol
*
Zhengxiangbai Banner; League: Xilingol
Autonomous banner
An
autonomous banner () is a special type of banner set up by the People's Republic of China. There are 3 autonomous banners, all of which are found in northeastern Inner Mongolia, each with a designated ethnic majority other than
Han or
Mongol
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...
and which is a national
ethnic minority:
*
Oroqen Autonomous Banner (鄂伦春自治旗) for the
Oroqen
*
Evenki Autonomous Banner (鄂温克族自治旗) for the
Evenks
*
Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner
Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner ( Mongolian: , ''Morin Dabaɣ-a Daɣur öbertegen jasaqu qosiɣu'', Mongolian Cyrillic: Мориндаваа Дагуур өөртөө засах хошуу; Dagur: Morin Dawaa Daor weerie ixkiewu guasei; ) ...
(莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗) for the
Daur
Banner converted city/county
*
Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County (Dorbod Banner)
*
Ergun (Ergun Right Banner)
*
Genhe (Ergun Left Banner)
*
Harqin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County (Harqin Left Banner)
*
Front Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County (Front Gorlos Banner)
*
Xilinhot (Abahanar Banner)
*
Yakeshi (Xuguit Banner)
*
Zhalantun (Butha Banner)
*
Zhaoyuan County
Zhaoyuan County (), formerly Rear Gorlos Banner, is a county in the west-central part of Heilongjiang Province, China, bordering Jilin province to the south. The southernmost county-level division of Daqing City, it has a land area of and a popu ...
(Rear Gorlos Banner)
See also
*
Eight Banners (banner system of the
Manchus)
References
{{reflist
Autonomous administrative divisions of China
Geography of Inner Mongolia
County-level divisions of the People's Republic of China
Articles containing Mongolian script text