The extended-spectrum penicillins are a group of
antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention ...
s that have the widest antibacterial spectrum of all
penicillins. Some sources identify them with antipseudomonal penicillins, others consider these types to be distinct. This group includes the
carboxypenicillin
The carboxypenicillins are a group of antibiotics. They belong to the penicillin family and comprise the members carbenicillin and ticarcillin.
Chemical structure
The carboxypenicillins feature the beta-lactam backbone of all penicillins b ...
s and the
ureidopenicillin
The ureidopenicillins are a group of penicillins which are active against ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''.
There are three ureidopenicillins in clinical use:
*Azlocillin
* Piperacillin
*Mezlocillin
They are mostly ampicillin derivatives in which the ...
s.
Aminopenicillin
The aminopenicillins are a group of antibiotics in the penicillin family that are structural analogs of ampicillin (which is the 2-amino derivative of benzylpenicillin, hence the name). Like other penicillins and beta-lactam antibiotics, they co ...
s, in contrast, do not have activity against ''
Pseudomonas
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative, Gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae and containing 191 described species. The members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to ...
'' species, as their positively charged amino group does not hinder degradation by bacterially produced
beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamases, (β-lactamases) are enzymes () produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems ( ertapenem), although carbapene ...
s.
Products
*
Ureidopenicillin
The ureidopenicillins are a group of penicillins which are active against ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''.
There are three ureidopenicillins in clinical use:
*Azlocillin
* Piperacillin
*Mezlocillin
They are mostly ampicillin derivatives in which the ...
s
**
Azlocillin
Azlocillin is an acyl ampicillin antibiotic with an extended spectrum of activity and greater ''in vitro'' potency than the carboxy penicillins.
Azlocillin is similar to mezlocillin and piperacillin. It demonstrates antibacterial activity agai ...
**
Mezlocillin
Mezlocillin is a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. It is active against both Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. Unlike most other extended spectrum penicillins, it is excreted by the liver, therefore it is useful for biliary tra ...
**
Piperacillin
Piperacillin is a broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the ureidopenicillin class. The chemical structure of piperacillin and other ureidopenicillins incorporates a polar side chain that enhances penetration into Gram-negative bacteria and redu ...
*
Carboxypenicillin
The carboxypenicillins are a group of antibiotics. They belong to the penicillin family and comprise the members carbenicillin and ticarcillin.
Chemical structure
The carboxypenicillins feature the beta-lactam backbone of all penicillins b ...
s
**
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin is a carboxypenicillin. It can be sold and used in combination with clavulanate as ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. Because it is a penicillin, it also falls within the larger class of beta-lactam antibiotics. Its main clinical use is as a ...
(generally in the combination
ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, or co-ticarclav, is a combination antibiotic consisting of ticarcillin, a β-lactam antibiotic, and clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor. This combination results in an antibiotic with an increased spectrum of a ...
)
**
Carbenicillin
Carbenicillin is a bactericidal antibiotic belonging to the carboxypenicillin subgroup of the penicillins. It was discovered by scientists at Beecham and marketed as Pyopen. It has Gram-negative coverage which includes ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' ...
*
Mecillinam
Mecillinam (INN) or amdinocillin (USAN) is an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic of the amidinopenicillin class that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria ...
See also
*
''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' § Treatment
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Extended-Spectrum Penicillin
Antibiotics