Adoptive immunity acts in a host after their immunological components are withdrawn, their immunological activity is modified extracorporeally, and then reinfused into the same host.
[Nagata K, Miyasaka M, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K, eds. (2003). "Adoptive transfer." '' ictionary for Keywords in Molecular Biology and Immunology 2nd ed.'' Tokyo: Igakushoin, Ltd., p. 839–840. Y9800 (in Japanese).] This process in its former part is analogous to adoption: a child is once adopted out from their home, grown up, and then returned to their home of birth. Transferred immunological components include immune cells such as T lymphocytes or tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes,
NK cells, macrophages, or B cells.
[Rédei GP (2003). "adoptive cellular therapy." ''Encyclopedic dictionary of genetics, genomics, and proteomics, 2nd ed.'' New York: Wiley-Liss, p. 23. .]
There seems to be some variation in usage of this term.
# Transferred components are immune cells and autologous as above.
# Transfer of immune cells is made between different individuals of
monozygotic twins
Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.MedicineNet > Definition of TwinLast Editorial Review: 19 June 2000 Twins can be either ''monozygotic'' ('identical'), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two em ...
in human or of the same pure line in experimental animals from immunologically
sensitized to naive host, where transferred cells are engrafted without rejection or
GVHD
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a syndrome, characterized by inflammation in different organs. GvHD is commonly associated with bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants.
White blood cells of the donor's immune system which remain wit ...
in the new host.
[Tada T, Taniguchi M, Okumura Y, Miyasaka M, eds. (1993). "Adoptive immunity." '' ictionary of Terms in Immunoglogy 3rd ed.'' Osaka: Saishin-Igakusha, Ltd., p. 510. C3547 (in Japanese).]
# Transfer of cells are made between
allogeneic
Allotransplant (''allo-'' meaning "other" in Greek) is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species. The transplant is called an allograft, allogeneic transplant, o ...
hosts but the new host is irradiated for preventing rejection or GVHD.
[Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M, Capra JD (1999). ''Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease, 4th ed.'' New York: Garland Pub., .][Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik M (2001). ''Immunobiology 5 : The Immune System in Health and Disease, 5th ed.'' New York: Garland Pub., .]
# Transfer of cells are made between allogeneic hosts.
# Transferred components include cells as well as immune molecules such as immunoglobulins between allogeneic hosts.
[Abbas AK, Lichtman AH (2003). ''Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th ed.'' Philadelphia: Saunders, ]
The term is used almost synonymously for "
passive immunity Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies. Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially, when ...
" in some situations,
however, passive immunity acts among xenogeneic hosts; for example, in snake venom immunotherapy, antivenom IgG is obtained from sensitized horse and inoculated to humans.
[Anderson DM, ed. (2003). "antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent." ''Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 30th ed.'' Philadelphia: Saunders, p. 109. .]
Immunological terms with an adjective "''adoptive''"
The following terms might indicate procedures involving similar immunological transfer processes.
* adoptive transfer
* adoptive immunization
* adoptive immunotherapy
**
Adoptive cell therapy
* adoptive tolerance
References
{{Reflist
Immunology