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Adaptation, in biology, is the process or trait by which organisms or population better match their environment Adaptation may also refer to:


Arts

* Adaptation (arts), a transfer of a work of art from one medium to another ** Film adaptation, a story from another work, adapted into a film **
Literary adaptation Literary adaptation is the adapting of a literary source (e.g. a novel, short story, poem) to another genre or medium, such as a film, stage play, or video game. It can also involve adapting the same literary work in the same genre or medium ju ...
, a story from a literary source, adapted into another work ** **
Theatrical adaptation In a theatrical adaptation, material from another artistic medium, such as a novel or a film is re-written according to the needs and requirements of the theatre and turned into a play or musical. Elision and interpolation Directors must make ar ...
, a story from another work, adapted into a play * ''Adaptation'' (film), a 2002 film by Spike Jonze * "Adaptation" (''The Walking Dead''), a television episode *''Adaptation'', a 2012 novel by Malinda Lo


Biology and medicine

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Adaptation (eye) In visual physiology, adaptation is the ability of the retina of the eye to adjust to various levels of light. Natural night vision, or scotopic vision, is the ability to see under low-light conditions. In humans, rod cells are exclusively respo ...
, the eye's adjustment to light **
Chromatic adaptation Chromatic adaptation is the human visual system’s ability to adjust to changes in illumination in order to preserve the appearance of object colors. It is responsible for the stable appearance of object colors despite the wide variation of light w ...
, visual systems' adjustments to changes in illumination for preservation of colors ** Prism adaptation, sensory-motor adjustments after the visual field has been artificially shifted *
Cellular adaptation In cell biology and pathophysiology, cellular adaptation refers to changes made by a cell in response to adverse or varying environmental changes. The adaptation may be physiologic (normal) or pathologic (abnormal). Four types of morphological ada ...
, changes by cells/tissues in response to changed microenvironments * High-altitude adaptation, organisms and their specializations for life in high altitudes *
Neural adaptation Neural adaptation or sensory adaptation is a gradual decrease over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus. It is usually experienced as a change in the stimulus. For example, if a hand is rested on a table, the ta ...
, the responsiveness of a sensory system to a constant stimulus * The SAID principle, a sports training concept, standing for "Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands"


Communication technology

* ATM adaptation layer, information transfer protocols that support Asynchronous Transfer Mode *
Content adaptation Content adaptation is the action of transforming content to adapt to device capabilities. Content adaptation is usually related to mobile devices, which require special handling because of their limited computational power, small screen size, and ...
, transforming content to adapt to device capabilities, particularly in mobile devices *
Link adaptation Link adaptation, comprising adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) and others (such as Power Control), is a term used in wireless communications to denote the matching of the modulation, coding and other signal and protocol parameters to the condit ...
, Adaptive coding and modulation in wireless communication


Control and information theory

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Adaptation (computer science) The term “adaptation” in computer science refers to a process where an interactive system (adaptive system) adapts its behaviour to individual users based on information acquired about its user(s) and its environment. Adaptation is one of the ...
by which interactive systems adapt to individual users and environments *
Adaptive system An adaptive system is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole that together are able to respond to environmental changes or changes in the interacting parts, in a way analogous to either conti ...
, a set of interacting entities that enable the whole to improve its response *
Complex adaptive system A complex adaptive system is a system that is '' complex'' in that it is a dynamic network of interactions, but the behavior of the ensemble may not be predictable according to the behavior of the components. It is '' adaptive'' in that the indiv ...
, rich interactions between elements that result in feedback and adaptation * Domain adaptation, a field associated with machine learning and transfer learning


Human sciences

* Behavioral adaptation, an adjustment to another type of behavior or environmental context * Hedonic adaptation, the ability of preserving at a stable level of happiness despite better or worse changes in the personal material life * Psychological adaptation, a mind and body interaction which results from competitive or cooperation types of evolution * Preconditioning (adaptation), a general concept in which an entity is exposed to some type of stress or reinforcement stimulus, in order to become more resilient when and if that external factor would happen anytime in the future.


Other uses

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Climate change adaptation Climate change adaptation is the process of adjusting to current or expected effects of climate change.IPCC, 2022Annex II: Glossary öller, V., R. van Diemen, J.B.R. Matthews, C. Méndez, S. Semenov, J.S. Fuglestvedt, A. Reisinger (eds.) InClimat ...
* Ecosystem-based adaptation {{disambiguation