An acid hydrolase is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...
that works best at acidic
pHs. It is commonly located in
lysosome
A lysosome () is a membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. A lysosome has a specific composition, of both its membrane pr ...
s, which are acidic on the inside. Acid
hydrolase
Hydrolase is a class of enzyme that commonly perform as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond, which typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules. Some common examples of hydrolase enzymes are este ...
s may be
nucleases,
protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes (increases reaction rate or "speeds up") proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the ...
s,
glycosidases,
lipases,
phosphatases,
sulfatases and
phospholipase
A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. Acids trigger the release of bound calcium from cellular stores and the consequent increase in free cytosolic Ca2+, an essential step in ...
s and make up the approximately 50
degradative enzyme A degradative enzyme is an enzyme (in a broader sense a protein) which degrades biological molecules. Some examples of degradative enzymes:
*Lipase, which digests lipids,
*Carbohydrases, which digest carbohydrates (e.g., sugars),
*Proteases, which d ...
s of the lysosome that break apart biological matter.
types of Acid Hydrolase:
-Nucleases (P1 from Penicillium citrinum, used in the food industry for taste enhancement or present in Gouda cheese)
-Lipase: for example lysosomal acid lipase.
-Proteases
-Glycosidases
See also
*
Antimicrobial peptide
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for a ...
s
*
Cathelicidin
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is a polypeptide that is primarily stored in the lysosomes of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs); in humans, the ''CAMP'' gene encodes the peptide precursor CAP-18 (18 kDa), which is proce ...
*
Hydrolase
Hydrolase is a class of enzyme that commonly perform as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond, which typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules. Some common examples of hydrolase enzymes are este ...
References
EC 3.1.1
{{3.1-enzyme-stub