The forests of Canada are located across much of the country. Approximately half of Canada is covered by forest, totaling around . Over 90% of Canada's forests are owned by the public (

Crown land Crown land (sometimes spelled crownland), also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. ...

and

Provincial forest A provincial forest is a type of government-owned land in Canada, controlled by one of Canada's ten provinces. The nature of their management varies between the provinces. Provincial control of forest lands The largest class of landowners in Ca ...

). About half of the forests are allocated for

logging Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars. Logging is the beginning of a supply chain ...

. Named forests are found within eight distinct regions. These forests may also be part of ecosystems, a number of which extend south into the United States. For example, the Northern hardwood forest is an ecosystem located in large areas of southeastern and south central Canada as well as in Ontario and Quebec. This system extends south to west and even into the United States. Canada had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 8.99/10, ranking it 11th globally out of 172 countries. Ontario alone, makes up for 20% of Canada's Forests, which makes roughly 2% of the forests in the world. Ontario follows strict laws and regulations to manage its forests in a sustainable way. Ontario Forests are mainly managed by the Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry (NDMNRF). They ensure a fair trade between sustaining the forest, while protecting the biodiversity of the ecosystem and providing legal methods for harvesting to benefit the economy.

Regions

The forests of Canada are located within eight regions: * Acadian Forest Region - This region comprises a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion located in Quebec as well as the Maritime Provinces in Eastern Canada, and extends into the United States. * Boreal Forest Region - This the largest forest region in Canada. It is located in the north and contains about one third of the world's circumpolar boreal forests. *Coast Forest Region - Located on the west coast, this region almost entirely comprises

coniferous Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class, Pinopsida. All extant ...

trees including the Douglas-fir,

Sitka spruce ''Picea sitchensis'', the Sitka spruce, is a large, coniferous, evergreen tree growing to almost tall, with a trunk diameter at breast height that can exceed 5 m (16 ft). It is by far the largest species of spruce and the fifth-larg ...

, western hemlock, and western red cedar. *Columbia Forest Region - Also mostly comprising coniferous trees, this region is located between the Rocky Mountains and the central plateau in British Columbia. *Deciduous Forest Region - This region is located between

Lake Huron Lake Huron ( ) is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Hydrology, Hydrologically, it comprises the easterly portion of Lake Michigan–Huron, having the same surface elevation as Lake Michigan, to which it is connected by the , Strait ...

, Lake Ontario, and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario. *Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest - This region is the second largest (the boreal being the largest), and is located from southeastern Manitoba to the

Gaspé Peninsula The Gaspé Peninsula, also known as Gaspesia (; ), is a peninsula along the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River that extends from the Matapedia Valley in Quebec, Canada, into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. It is separated from New Brunswick o ...

. *Montane Forest Region - Located in the west of Canada, this region covers parts of the

Kootenays The Kootenays or Kootenay ( ) is a region of southeastern British Columbia. It takes its name from the Kootenay River, which in turn was named for the Kutenai First Nations people. Boundaries The Kootenays are more or less defined by the Kootenay ...

, the central plateau of British Columbia, and a number of valleys close to Alberta's border. *Subalpine Forest Region - This region is located in British Columbia and Alberta. It covers the Rocky Mountains from the west coast to Alberta's uplands.

By Province

The following is a list of forests, ecoregions,

ecozone An Ecozone may refer to: * Ecozone (Canada), one of 15 first-level ecological land classifications in Canada * Biogeographic realm, the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface (referred to as ''ecozone'' by BBC) * Biome, a large c ...

s, forested parklands and provincial parks.

Alberta

Alberta Mountain forests The Alberta Mountain forests are a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion of Western Canada, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system. Setting This ecoregion covers the grand Rocky Mountains of Alberta including the east ...

* Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests * Aspen parkland * Mid-Continental Canadian forests * Muskwa-Slave Lake forests *

North Central Rockies forest The North Central Rockies forests is a temperate coniferous forest ecoregion of Canada and the United States. This region overlaps in large part with the North American inland temperate rainforest and gets more rain on average than the South Ce ...

British Columbia

Garibaldi National Park - Garibaldi Mountain

* Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests * Aspen parkland *

British Columbia mainland coastal forests British Columbia mainland coastal forests is a temperate coniferous forest ecoregion the Pacific coast of North America, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system. Setting The WWF defines the ecoregion as the mainland co ...

Cascade Mountains leeward forests The Cascade Mountains leeward forests are a temperate coniferous forest ecoregion of North America, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system. Setting This is a band of mountain habitat running north–south along the lee ...

Elkington Forest Elkington Forest is a privately managed forest located at the southern boundary of the Cowichan Valley Regional District on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Sustainable development is intended for this property. In 2011, the entire p ...

Fraser Plateau and Basin complex The Fraser Plateau and Basin Complex is an ecoregion, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund. It encompasses the middle reaches of the watershed of the Fraser River as it traverses the northern part of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia. ...

Great Bear Rainforest The Great Bear Rainforest is a temperate rain forest on the Pacific coast of British Columbia, Canada comprising 6.4 million hectares. It is part of the larger Pacific temperate rainforest ecoregion, which is the largest coastal temperate rainfo ...

* Inland rainforest *

Lower Mainland Ecoregion The Lower Mainland Ecoregion is the biogeoclimatic region that surrounds Vancouver, British Columbia, comprising the eastern edge of the Georgia Depression and extending from Powell River, British Columbia on the Sunshine Coast to Hope at the east ...

Malcolm Knapp Research Forest The Malcolm Knapp Research Forest is located in the Coast Mountains, about 60 km from Vancouver, in Maple Ridge, British Columbia. The forest is approximately 5,157 hectares and has many different types of terrain. The forest is home to some ...

* Muskwa-Slave Lake forests *

* Northern Pacific coastal forests * Pacific temperate rainforests

Manitoba

* Agassiz Provincial Forest *

Belair Provincial Forest Belair or Bélair may refer to: People *Sanité Bélair (1781–1802), Haitian freedom fighter Places Historic locations * Belair (Nashville, Tennessee), United States * Belair Development, Maryland, United States *Belair Mansion (Bowie, Marylan ...

* Brightstone Sand Hill Provincial Forest *

Cat Hills Provincial Forest The cat (''Felis catus'') is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is commonly referred to as the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from the wild members of t ...

Cormorant Provincial Forest Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed, but in 2021 the IOC adopted a consensus taxonomy of seven gene ...

* Duck Mountain Provincial Forest * Mid-Continental Canadian forests Ben Eoin Provincial Park Hemlock Grove

* Midwestern Canadian Shield forests *

Moose Creek Provincial Forest The moose (in North America) or elk (in Eurasia) (''Alces alces'') is a member of the New World deer subfamily and is the only species in the genus ''Alces''. It is the largest and heaviest extant species in the deer family. Most adult mal ...

Northwest Angle Provincial Forest The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...

Porcupine Provincial Forest The Porcupine Provincial Forest is a protected boreal forest in Canada which covers the Porcupine Hills on the border of Saskatchewan and Manitoba. __TOC__ History By the end of the 19th century, Eastern Canada had essentially run out of marke ...

* Provincial forests *

Sandilands Provincial Forest The Sandilands Provincial Forest is a Forests of Canada, forest located within the Eastman Region, southeastern area of Manitoba, Canada, and consists of thousands of acres of sand hills, forest, wetlands, and mostly unpopulated crown lands. Sand ...

Spruce Woods Provincial Forest A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' (), a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth. ''Picea'' is the sole genus in the subfamil ...

* Swan-Pelican Provincial Forest *

Tallgrass Aspen Parkland The Tallgrass Aspen Parkland is an ecoregion located in southeastern Manitoba and northwestern Minnesota. The area is characterized by a mosaic of habitat types, including tallgrass prairie, aspen woodland, sedge meadow wetlands, riparian woodland, ...

Turtle Mountain Provincial Forest Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked tur ...

Wampum Provincial Forest Wampum is a traditional shell bead of the Eastern Woodlands tribes of Native Americans. It includes white shell beads hand-fashioned from the North Atlantic channeled whelk shell and white and purple beads made from the quahog or Western Nort ...

Whiteshell Provincial Forest Whiteshells (also known as Cowrie shells or Sacred ''Miigis'' Shells) were used by aboriginal peoples around the world, but the words "whiteshell" and "''Miigis'' Shell" specifically refers to shells used by Ojibway peoples in their Midewiwin cerem ...

Newfoundland

Newfoundland Highland forests The Newfoundland Highland forests are a taiga ecoregion located on the island of Newfoundland in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It has a total area of 4,031,999 acres (1,631,692 hectares). Terrain The terrain of this region is mostly between ...

Nova Scotia

* Ben Eoin Provincial Park

Ontario

* Barker's Bush * Carolinian forest *

Central Canadian Shield forests The Central Canadian Shield forests are a taiga ecoregion of Eastern Canada, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system. Setting This ecoregion consists of rolling hills, lakes, bogs and rocky outcrops covering a large curv ...

Crothers Woods Crothers Woods is an area of the Don River valley in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is in size and consists of woodland, meadows, wetlands, and an assortment of past and present municipal uses. The wooded area has been designated as an Environmenta ...

* Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests *

Ganaraska Region Ganaraska Region is a region located in Ontario, Canada, stretching along the shore of Lake Ontario for approximately and about wide. It contains watersheds, covering an area of from Wilmot Creek in Clarington to eastside of Cobourg and from the ...

Haliburton Forest Haliburton Forest & Wild Life Reserve Ltd. is a forest in Haliburton County, Ontario. Forestry operations within the reserve are certified by the international Forest Stewardship Council in Canada. Haliburton Forest also supports ecosystem-based ...

Happy Valley Forest Happy Valley Forest is a 6.48 square kilometre provincially significant ecological area, classified as an Area of Natural and Scientific Interest by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. It consists of an upland forest on steeply rolling topo ...

John E. Pearce Provincial Park John E. Pearce Provincial Park has been a protected area since 1957. It is located in the Carolinian forest zone of southwestern Ontario, covers 67.9 hectares on the north shore of Lake Erie in Elgin County, and is one of two protected areas in th ...

Larose Forest Larose Forest is a man-made forest in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell, Ontario, Canada. It is about east of Ottawa, straddling the boundary of Clarence-Rockland and The Nation municipality. The forest, part of the of forest in On ...

* Laurentian Mixed Forest Province * Long Point, Ontario * Midwestern Canadian Shield forests *

Mixed Wood Plains Ecozone (CEC) The Mixed Wood Plains Ecozone is an ecozone of North America that was defined by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation to reconcile the American and Canadian land classification systems. According to the CEC, the Mixed Wood Plains of North A ...

* Niagara Glen Nature Reserve * Obabika Old-Growth Forest *

Pinery Provincial Park Pinery Provincial Park is a provincial park located on Lake Huron near Grand Bend, Ontario. It occupies an area of 25.32 square kilometres (6,330 acres). It is a natural environment-class Provincial Park created to help preserve oak savannah and ...

Point Pelee National Park Point Pelee National Park (; french: Parc national de la Pointe-Pelée) is a national park in Essex County in southwestern Ontario, Canada where it extends into Lake Erie. The word is French for 'bald'. Point Pelee consists of a peninsula of la ...

* Rock Glen Conservation Area *

Rock Point Provincial Park Rock Point Provincial Park is a park located on the north shore of Lake Erie near the mouth of the Grand River in the Carolinian zone of southwestern Ontario. It occupies an area of . Habitats within the park include wetlands, forests and dunes ...

* Rondeau Provincial Park *

Short Hills Provincial Park Short Hills Provincial Park is a provincial park located in the centre of the Niagara Peninsula, bordering the city of St. Catharines and the town of Pelham in the Niagara Region in southern Ontario, Canada. It occupies an area of . It als ...

Southwest Elgin Forest Complex The Southwest Elgin Forest Complex comprises a 20-kilometer subzone of discontinuous woodlots in southern Ontario within 5 kilometres of the Lake Erie shoreline from John E. Pearce Provincial Park at the eastern end to the Elgin-Kent county border ...

Western Great Lakes forests The Western Great Lakes forests is a terrestrial ecoregion as defined by the World Wildlife Fund. It is within the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome of North America. It is found in northern areas of the United States' states of Michiga ...

Wheatley Provincial Park Wheatley Provincial Park is a protected area in the municipality of Chatham–Kent in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is located on Lake Erie near the community of Wheatley and occupies an area of . Visitors to nearby Point Pelee National Park o ...

Prince Edward Island

Beach Grove Memorial Forest A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles. The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, etc., or biological sources, such as mollusc shells ...

* Strathgartney Woodlands

Quebec

* Angell Woods *

Bois Beckett Forest Beckett Woods Park (French: Parc du Bois-Beckett) is an old maple grove and beech forest in Sherbrooke, a city in southern Quebec. Covering 70 hectares, it is one of only two protected urban forests in the province and is particularly known for its ...

* Eastern Canadian forests * Eastern Canadian Shield taiga * Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests *

Great North Woods The Great North Woods, also known as the Northern Forest, are spread across four northeastern U.S. states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and New York in the New England area. The area spans from the Down East lakes of Maine to the Adirondack Moun ...

* Laurentian Mixed Forest Province *

Saskatchewan

* Canwood Provincial Forest *

Fort à la Corne Provincial Forest The Fort à la Corne Provincial Forest is a mixed-wood forest conservation area in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is east of the city of Prince Albert and just north of the James Smith First Nation. The fort takes its name for a historic Hudson's Bay Comp ...

Nisbet Provincial Forest The Nisbet Provincial Forest is a provincially protected mixed-wood forest surrounded by Aspen parkland in Central Saskatchewan, Canada. It consists of a north block north of the city of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, and a south block between Duck L ...

* Northern Provincial Forest *

Torch River Provincial Forest A torch is a stick with combustible material at one end, which is ignited and used as a light source. Torches have been used throughout history, and are still used in processions, symbolic and religious events, and in juggling entertainment. I ...

Yukon

Yukon Interior dry forests The Yukon Interior dry forests is a taiga ecoregion of Canada. Setting This ecoregion, which covers much of the southern Yukon and a very small portion of northwestern British Columbia, is mainly located on the Yukon Plateau, which consists of r ...

Other forest areas

* Northern hardwood forest *

Northwoods (forest) The Northwoods are the boreal forest of North America, covering about half of Canada and parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. For the part within the borders of the Midwestern United States, see North ...

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

* Beech-maple forest - This forest is located mostly in eastern United States and extends into southern Canada. * Carolinian forest *

Eastern forest-boreal transition Eastern may refer to: Transportation *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai *Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways *Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991 *Eastern Air Li ...