In
chess, the fianchetto ( or ; "little flank") is a pattern of wherein a
bishop is developed to the second rank of the adjacent b- or g-, the having been moved one or two squares forward.
The fianchetto is a staple of many "
hypermodern"
openings, whose philosophy is to delay direct occupation of the with the plan of undermining and destroying the opponent's central
outpost. It also regularly occurs in
Indian defence
In the game of chess, Indian Defence or Indian Game is a broad term for a group of openings characterised by the moves:
:1. d4 Nf6
They are all to varying degrees hypermodern defences, where Black invites White to establish an imposing presenc ...
s. The fianchetto is less common in
Open Games (1.e4 e5), but the is sometimes fianchettoed by Black in the
Ruy Lopez
The Ruy Lopez (; ), also called the Spanish Opening or Spanish Game, is a chess opening characterised by the moves:
:1. e4 e5
:2. Nf3 Nc6
:3. Bb5
The Ruy Lopez is named after 16th-century Spanish priest Ruy López de Segura. It is one o ...
or by White in an uncommon variation of the
Vienna Game.
One of the major benefits of the fianchetto is that it often allows the fianchettoed bishop to become more active. A fianchettoed position, however, also presents some opportunities for the opponent: if the fianchettoed bishop can be , the squares the bishop was formerly protecting will become weak (see ') and can form the basis of an attack (particularly if the fianchetto was performed on the ). Exchanging the fianchettoed bishop should not be done lightly, therefore, especially if the enemy bishop of the same-coloured square system is still on the board.
Concept
The diagram shows three different sorts of fianchetti (not as part of an actual game, but as separate examples that have been collapsed into a single chessboard). White's king bishop is in a regular fianchetto, with the knight pawn advanced one square and the bishop occupying the long diagonal. This is by far the most common type of fianchetto, seen in the
Sicilian Dragon,
Pirc Defence
The Pirc Defence (pronounced ) is a chess opening characterised by the response of Black to 1.e4 with 1...d6 and 2...Nf6, followed by ...g6 and ...Bg7, while allowing White to establish a with pawns on d4 and e4. It is named after the Slovenian ...
,
Modern Defence
The Modern Defense (also known as the Robatsch Defence after Karl Robatsch) is a hypermodern chess opening in which Black allows White to occupy the with pawns on d4 and e4, then proceeds to attack and undermine this "ideal" center without att ...
,
Modern Benoni,
Grünfeld Defence
The Grünfeld Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:
:1. d4 Nf6
:2. c4 g6
:3. Nc3 d5
Black offers White the possibility of 4.cxd5, which may be followed by 4...Nxd5 and 5.e4, giving White an imposing central pawn duo. If Whi ...
,
Nimzo-Indian
The Nimzo-Indian Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:
:1. d4 Nf6
:2. c4 e6
:3. Nc3 Bb4
Other move orders, such as 1.c4 e6 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.d4 Bb4, are also feasible. In the ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings'', the Nimzo-India ...
, and
King's Indian Defence, among other openings.
Black's is also fianchettoed, but the knight pawn has moved forward two squares, making this a ''long'' fianchetto. The b-pawn also controls the c4-square, which is often advantageous. If White plays the
King's Indian Attack 1.Nf3 2.g3, Black may play a long queen's fianchetto to oppose White's bishop and make it more difficult for White to play a c4 . A long fianchetto on the kingside is more rarely played, because it weakens the pawn shield in front of the castled position and controls a less important square. Nevertheless,
Grob's Attack
Grob's Attack is an unconventional chess opening in which White begins with the move:
:1. g4
It is widely considered to be one of the worst possible first moves for White. International Master John Watson writes, "As far as I can tell, 1 g4 i ...
1.g4 and the
Borg Defence
The King's Pawn Game is any chess opening starting with the move:
:1. e4
It is the most popular opening move in chess, followed by the Queen's Pawn Game.
Details about the move and the game plan
White opens with the most popular of the twenty ...
("Grob" backwards) 1.e4 g5 are sometimes played by players such as
IM Michael Basman
Michael John Basman (16 March 1946 – 26 October 2022) was an English chess player, chess author and International Master. He was awarded the International Master title in 1980. Basman was a prolific writer, who made many contributions to the ...
.
White's queen bishop has moved to a3 in what is sometimes called an ''extended'' fianchetto. Rather than control the long diagonal, it takes aim at Black's f8-square. If Black moves his e-pawn, White can play Bxf8, after which Black will have to waste on
artificial castling after recapturing with his king. This tactic is often seen in the
Evans Gambit and gives the
Benko Gambit much of its bite. Black often plays ...Ba6 in the
French Defence, and the
Queen's Indian Defence if White plays g3 in order to fianchetto his own bishop (
Aron Nimzowitsch's move against the
classical main line).
Four fianchettoed bishops
The game
Rubinstein Rubinstein is a surname of German and Yiddish origin, mostly found among Ashkenazi Jews; it denotes "ruby-stone". Notable persons named Rubinstein include:
A–E
* Akiba Rubinstein (1880–1961), Polish chess grandmaster
* Amnon Rubinstein (born ...
–
Nimzowitsch, Marienbad 1925, had four fianchettoed bishops, two developed knights, and two on their home squares. In this position, Nimzowitsch humorously pointed out in ''
My System'': "Each side castles now with a clear conscience, for not even the most hypermodern pair of masters can produce more than four fianchettoed Bishops!"
References
Bibliography
*
*
Further reading
*
“The Chess Fianchetto” by Edward Winter
{{Authority control
Chess terminology
Italian words and phrases