Closure may refer to:

Conceptual

Psychology

Closure (psychology) Closure or need for closure (NFC), used interchangeably with need for cognitive closure (NFCC), are social psychological terms that describe an individual's desire for a clear, firm answer to a question and an aversion toward ambiguity. The term ...

, the state of experiencing an emotional conclusion to a difficult life event

Computer science

Closure (computer programming) In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function toge ...

, an abstraction binding a function to its scope * Relational database model: Set-theoretic formulation and

Armstrong's axioms Armstrong's axioms are a set of references (or, more precisely, inference rules) used to infer all the functional dependencies on a relational database. They were developed by William W. Armstrong in his 1974 paper. The axioms are sound in genera ...

for its use in database theory

Mathematics

Closure (mathematics) In mathematics, a subset of a given set is closed under an operation of the larger set if performing that operation on members of the subset always produces a member of that subset. For example, the natural numbers are closed under addition, but n ...

, the result of applying a

closure operator In mathematics, a closure operator on a set ''S'' is a function \operatorname: \mathcal(S)\rightarrow \mathcal(S) from the power set of ''S'' to itself that satisfies the following conditions for all sets X,Y\subseteq S : Closure operators are de ...

Closure (topology) In topology, the closure of a subset of points in a topological space consists of all points in together with all limit points of . The closure of may equivalently be defined as the union of and its boundary, and also as the intersection o ...

, for a set, the smallest closed set containing that set

Philosophy

Epistemic closure Epistemic closure is a property of some belief systems. It is the principle that if a subject S knows p, and S knows that p entails q, then S can thereby come to know q. Most epistemological theories involve a closure principle and many skepti ...

, a principle in epistemology *

Deductive closure In mathematical logic, a set of logical formulae is deductively closed if it contains every formula that can be logically deduced from , formally: if always implies . If is a set of formulae, the deductive closure of is its smallest superse ...

, a principle in logic * Cognitive closure, a principle in philosophy of mind * ''Closure: A Short History of Everything'', a philosophical book by

Hilary Lawson Hilary Lawson is an English philosopher and founder of the Institute of Art and Ideas. His theory of "closure" puts forward a non-realist metaphysics arguing that people close the openness of the world with thought and language. Lawson has also ...

Sociology

* Closure (sociology) * Closure, a concept in the

social construction of technology Social construction of technology (SCOT) is a theory within the field of science and technology studies. Advocates of SCOT—that is, social constructivists—argue that technology does not determine human action, but that rather, human action ...

Physical objects

Closure (container) A closure is a device used to close or seal a container such as a bottle, jug, jar, tube, or can. A closure may be a cap, cover, lid, plug, liner, or the like. The part of the container to which the closure is applied is called the finish. Ot ...

used to seal a bottle, jug, jar, can, or other container **

Closure (wine bottle) Closure is a term used in the wine industry to refer to a stopper, the object used to seal a bottle and avoid harmful contact between the wine and oxygen.winepros.com.au. They include: * Traditional natural cork closures (' corks'); * alter ...

, a stopper *

Hook-and-eye closure A hook-and-eye closure is a simple and secure method of fastening garments together. It consists of a metal hook, commonly wire bent to shape, and an eye (or "eyelet") of the same material into which the hook fits. History The hook and eye clo ...

Arts and entertainment

Film and television

* '' Straightheads'', a 2007 British thriller film, US release title ''Closure'' * "Closure" (''The X-Files''), a 2000 episode of the television series ''The X-Files'' * "Closure" (''8 Simple Rules'' episode), a 2005 episode of the sitcom ''8 Simple Rules'' * "Closure" (''Raines''), a 2007 episode of the crime drama ''Raines'' * "Closure" (''Tru Calling''), a 2004 episode of the supernatural drama ''Tru Calling'' * A two-part episode, split between seasons 1 and 2 of ''Law and Order: SVU'' * "Closure" (''Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.''), a 2015 episode of the television series ''Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.''

Music

Closure (band) Closure was a Canadian alternative rock band. History Closure formed in 2002 in Vancouver, British Columbia and previously signed to TVT Records TVT Records (Tee-Vee Tunes) was an American record label founded by Steve Gottlieb. Over the cou ...

, Canadian rock band * ''Closure'' (video), a 1997 Nine Inch Nails video set

Albums and EPs

* ''Closure'' (Attila album), 2021 album by Attila * ''Closure'' (Closure album), 2003 album by Closure * ''Closure'', 2004 EP by Everclear * ''Closure'' (Integrity album), 2001 album by Integrity * ''Closure'' (Spahn Ranch album), 2001 * '' Closure: Live'', 2001 live album by Theatre of Tragedy

Songs

* "Closure", by Aly & AJ from ''

Insomniatic ''Insomniatic'' is the third studio album by American pop rock duo Aly & AJ, released on July 10, 2007 by Hollywood Records. The album features an electronic based sound, differing from their previous pop-rock and acoustic releases, that was acce ...

'', 2007 * "Closure", by Asking Alexandria from ''

Reckless & Relentless ''Reckless & Relentless'' is the second studio album by British rock band Asking Alexandria. It was released on 5 April 2011 through Sumerian Records and was produced by Joey Sturgis. Announced on 22 December 2009, recording for the album began ...

'', 2011 * "Closure", by Botch from ''

The Unifying Themes of Sex, Death and Religion ''The Unifying Themes of Sex, Death and Religion'' is a compilation album by the American rock band Botch. Originally released through Excursion Records in 1997, the album compiled Botch's first two EPs—''The John Birch Conspiracy Theory'' an ...

'', 1997 * "Closure" (Cadet song), single by Cadet, 2017 * "Closure" (Chevelle song), by Chevelle from ''Wonder What's Next'', 2002 * "Closure", by Divine Heresy from ''

Bleed the Fifth ''Bleed the Fifth'' is the debut studio album by American metal band Divine Heresy, released in August 2007. It sold approximately 2,700 copies in its first week of release.

'', 2007 * "Closure", by Gabrielle from ''

Always Always may refer to: Film and television * ''Always'', a 1985 film directed by Henry Jaglom * ''Always'' (1989 film), a 1989 romantic comedy-drama directed by Steven Spielberg * ''Always'' (2011 film), a 2011 South Korean film, also known as '' ...

'', 2007 * "Closure", single by

Hayley Warner Hayley Warner (born 23 January 1992) is an Australian singer-songwriter. In 2009, she finished as runner-up in the seventh and final ''Australian Idol'', and was noted for her high-energy performances and vast vocal range. In 2013, ''The Dail ...

, 2015 * "Closure", by Hood from ''

Outside Closer ''Outside Closer'' is the sixth studio album by Hood. It was released on Domino Recording Company on 17 January 2005. Critical reception At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the alb ...

'', 2005 * "Closure", by Maroon 5 from ''

Red Pill Blues ''Red Pill Blues'' is the sixth studio album by American band Maroon 5. It was released on November 3, 2017, through 222 and Interscope Records. This is the band's first release to feature multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar, as an official member ...

'', 2017 * "Closure", by Opeth from ''

Damnation Damnation (from Latin '' damnatio'') is the concept of divine punishment and torment in an afterlife for actions that were committed, or in some cases, not committed on Earth. In Ancient Egyptian religious tradition, citizens would recite th ...

'', 2003 * "Closure" (Scarlett Belle song), single by Scarlett Belle, 2010 * "Closure", by The Story So Far from '' Under Soil and Dirt'', 2011 * "Closure", by

Taylor Swift Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her discography spans multiple genres, and her vivid songwriting—often inspired by her personal life—has received critical praise and wide media coverage. Bor ...

from " Evermore" * "Closure", by

I Prevail I Prevail is an American rock band formed in Southfield, Michigan, in 2013. They released their debut EP '' Heart vs. Mind'' (2014) and rose to popularity from releasing a metal cover of Taylor Swift's "Blank Space" as a single, which eventual ...

from " True Power", 2022

Other arts and entertainment

* ''Closure'' (video game), a 2012 puzzle game * ''Closure: A Short History of Everything'', a philosophical book by

Poetic closure Poetic closure is the sense of conclusion given at the end of a poem. Barbara Herrnstein Smith Barbara Herrnstein Smith (born 1932) is an American literary critic and theorist, best known for her work ''Contingencies of Value: Alternative Persp ...

, the sense of conclusion given at the end of a poem

Other uses

* Closure or

cloture Cloture (, also ), closure or, informally, a guillotine, is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end. The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. ...

, a motion in parliamentary procedure to bring debate to a quick end *

Closure (business) Closure is the term used to refer to the actions necessary when it is no longer necessary or possible for a business or other organization to continue to operate. Closure may be the result of a bankruptcy, where the organization lacks sufficien ...

, the process by which an organization ceases operations *

Closure (atmospheric science) A closure experiment in atmospheric science is a combination of different measurement techniques to describe the current state of the investigated system as fully as possible, and to find inaccuracies in one or some of the methods involved. The comp ...

, a type of experiment in aerosol and cloud studies