The Buccinidae are a very large and diverse

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of large

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

s, often known as whelks or true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Buccinidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=149 on 2010-12-30 The family includes more than 1500 species.

Taxonomy

The family

Busyconidae The Busyconidae are taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Busyconidae Wade, 1917 (1867). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia. ...

was for a time treated as a subfamily of Buccinidae called

Busyconinae The Busyconinae are taxonomic subfamily of large sea snails, often known as whelks. The name "whelk" also refers to Buccinidae. Busyconinae consists of Recent and fossil species.Bouchet, P. (2015). Busyconinae Wade, 1917 (1867). In: MolluscaBase ...

. Genera ''

Antillophos ''Antillophos'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Nassariidae. Taxonomy This genus was treated within family Buccinidae. It was moved to family Nassariidae in 2016.Galindo, L. A., Puillandre, N., Utge, J., Lozouet ...

'', ''

Engoniophos ''Engoniophos'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily of the family Nassariidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Engoniophos Woodring, 1928. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www. ...

'', ''

Phos ''Phos'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Nassariidae.Bouchet, P. (2015). Phos Montfort, 1810. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php ...

'', ''

Nassaria ''Nassaria'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tomliniinae of the family (biology), family Nassariidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Nassaria Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spec ...

'', ''

Tomlinia ''Tomlinia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tomliniinae of the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage o ...

'', ''

Anentome ''Anentome'' is a genus of freshwater snails with opercula, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Anentominae of the family Nassariidae, a family, almost all of the rest of which are marine.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Anen ...

'' and '' ''Clea'''' were treated within family Buccinidae, but they were moved to

Nassariidae The Nassariidae, Nassa mud snails (USA), or dog whelks (UK), are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. "Dog whelk" also refers to ''Nucella lapillus''. Shell description T ...

in 2016.

Habitat

The true whelks occur worldwide in all seas from tropical oceans to the cold seas of the

Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ...

and the

Southern Ocean The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. With a size of , it is regarded as the second-small ...

. They are found from the intertidal to the

bathypelagic zone The bathypelagic zone or bathyal zone (from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep) is the part of the open ocean that extends from a depth of below the ocean surface. It lies between the mesopelagic above, and the abyssopelagic below. The bathypelagic ...

s. Most prefer a solid bottom, but some inhabit sandy substrates.

Description

The shells of species in this family are moderate to large in size, conical to fusiform in shape. The shell often has deep sutures. The shell surface is generally smooth, sometimes with a spiral and/ or axial sculpture. The thickness of the shell is more pronounced in tropical shallow-water species, while the shell of species living in moderate and colder waters is generally thin or moderately thin. The top of the

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral d ...

are more or less shouldered. The radial ribs of the shell sometimes show shoulder knobs. The

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

is large with a well-defined

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is ...

. The rim of the aperture is sometimes used to pry open the shell of

bivalves Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bival ...

. The aperture is closed by a horny operculum. The soft body is elongated and spiral. The head has two conical, depressed tentacles which bear the eyes on a lobe or prominence at their base. The mouth contains a long, cylindrical, annulated proboscis and a small tongue. The mantle forms a thin-edged flap over the branchial cavity. On the left side, it has an elongated, open canal, that emerges by a notch or groove in the shell. The two gills are elongated, unequal and pectinate (i.e. in a comb-like arrangement). The large foot is generally broad. True whelks are carnivores and

scavenger Scavengers are animals that consume dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators. While scavenging generally refers to carnivores feeding on carrion, it is also a herbivorous feeding b ...

s. They feed on clams,

carrion Carrion () is the decaying flesh of dead animals, including human flesh. Overview Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers) include crows, vultures, c ...

, and sometimes even on

detritus In biology, detritus () is dead particulate organic material, as distinguished from dissolved organic material. Detritus typically includes the bodies or fragments of bodies of dead organisms, and fecal material. Detritus typically hosts commun ...

. Their sense of smell is very well-developed; they can sense chemical signals from their prey from a considerable distance with their osphradia. Many whelks are capable of boring through the shell of bivalves, and because of this, some species cause much harm in

oyster Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not al ...

farms. True whelks can even attack fish caught in a net by extending their probosces to twice the length of their own bodies. The female whelk lays spongy egg capsules with hundreds of eggs. These form round clusters or a tower-shaped masses. Only about 10% of these eggs hatch. The larvae then feed on the rest of the eggs that have not yet hatched. The flesh of the common northern whelk, ''

Buccinum undatum ''Buccinum undatum'', the common whelk or the waved buccinum, is a large, edible marine gastropod in the family Buccinidae, the "true whelks".Fraussen, K.; Gofas, S. (2014). Buccinum undatum Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of M ...

'', is much appreciated by connoisseurs as a food item, but its consumption is currently somewhat in decline. The empty shell of a whelk is often used by the hermit crab to make its home.

Taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family Buccinidae consists of six subfamilies: Subfamily Buccininae Rafinesque, 1815 * tribe Ancistrolepidini Habe & Sato, 1973 * tribe Buccinini Rafinesque, 1815 * tribe Buccinulini Finlay, 1928 * tribe Colini Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Neptuneinae Stimpson, 1865; Chrysodominae Dall, 1870; Pyramimitridae Cossmann, 1901; Truncariinae Cossmann, 1901; Metajapelioninae Gorychaev, 1987 * tribe Cominellini Gray, 1857: in 2021 upgraded to family level

Cominellidae The Cominellidae are taxonomic family of large sea snails in the superfamily Buccinoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Cominellidae Gray, 1857. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.ph ...

* tribe Liomesini P. Fischer, 1884 - synonym: Buccinopsidae G. O. Sars, 1878 (inv.) * tribe Parancistrolepidini Habe, 1972 - synonym: Brevisiphoniinae Lus, 1973 * tribe Prosiphonini Powell, 1951 * tribe Volutopsiini Habe & Sato, 1973 Subfamily Beringiinae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 Subfamily

* Wade, 1917 (1867) : presently, Busyconinae is treated as a synonym of the

. Subfamily Donovaniinae Casey, 1904 - synonym: Lachesinae L. Bellardi, 1877 (inv.) Subfamily

Neptuneinae The Neptuneinae are taxonomic subfamily of large sea snails, often known as whelks.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Neptuneinae W. Stimpson, 1865. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia. ...

W. Stimpson, 1865 Subfamily Siphonaliinae Finlay, 1928 - synonym: Austrosiphonidae Cotton & Godfrey, 1938 The subfamily Pisaniinae has been raised to the status of family

Pisaniidae The Pisaniidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea.Rosenberg, G. (2018). Pisaniidae Gray, 1857. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespeci ...

in 2009 by Galindo, L. A.; Puillandre, N.; Utge, J.; Lozouet, P.; Bouchet, P. Galindo, L. A.; Puillandre, N.; Utge, J.; Lozouet, P.; Bouchet, P. (2016). The phylogeny and systematics of the Nassariidae revisited (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 337-353
/ref>

Genera

Genera within the family Buccinidae include: subfamily Buccininae tribe Ancistrolepidini * '' Ancistrolepis'' Dall, 1895 tribe Buccinini * ''

Buccinum ''Buccinum'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.Gofas, S.; Bouchet, P. (2014). Buccinum Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marin ...

'' Linnaeus,

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

* '' Suessionia'' Cossmann, 1889 † tribe Buccinulini * ''

Buccinulum ''Buccinulum'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Buccinulum Deshayes, 1830. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.mari ...

'' Deshayes, 1830 tribe Colini * '' Truncaria'' Adams & Reeve, 1850 tribe Liomesini * ''

Liomesus ''Liomesus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae The Buccinidae are a very large and diverse taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks or true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). B ...

'' Stimpson, 1865 tribe Parancistrolepidini * '' Parancistrolepis'' Azuma, 1965 tribe Prosiphonini * '' Prosipho'' Thiele, 1912 tribe Volutopsiini * ''

Volutopsius ''Volutopsius'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or ...

'' Mörch, 1857 Subfamily Beringiinae * ''

Beringius ''Beringius'' is a genus of large sea snails or true whelks, a marine gastropod molluscs in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks. ''Beringius'' is the type genus of the subfamily Beringiinae. Species According to the World Register of Marin ...

'' Dall, 1887 subfamily Donovaniinae Subfamily

W. Stimpson, 1865 * ''

Aulacofusus ''Aulacofusus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Neptuneinae of the family Buccinidae, the true whelks. Species According to the World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS ...

'' Dall, 1918 * ''

Neptunea ''Neptunea'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Neptuneinae of the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). ''Neptunea'' Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. ( ...

'' Röding, 1798 subfamily Siphonaliinae * '' Siphonalia'' A. Adams, 1863 subfamily ? * ''

Aeneator An ''aeneator'' ( lat, aēneātor or ) was a specialized player of wind instruments who was attached to a Roman military unit. The word comes from Latin ''aēneus'' or ''ahēneus'', "brazen", from ''aes'', "copper alloy". While the size of individ ...

'' Finlay, 1927 * '' Afer'' Conrad, 1858 * '' Anomacme'' Strebel, 1905 * '' Anomalosipho'' Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 * '' Antarctodomus'' A. Adams, 1863 * ''

Antarctoneptunea ''Antarctoneptunea'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Austrosiphonidae, the true whelks. Distribution ''Antarctoneptunea'' marine snails occur in deep water surrounding New Zealand and in Southern Ocean encirc ...

'' Dell, 1972 * '' Antistreptus'' Dall, 1902 * '' Argeneuthria'' Pastorino, 2016 * '' Atractodon'' Charlesworth, 1837 * '' Austrofusus''

Kobelt Kobelt may refer to: People * Georg Ludwig Kobelt (1804-1857), German anatomist * Karl Kobelt (1891-1968), Swiss politician * Wilhelm Kobelt (1840-1916), German zoologist Other

* Kobelt Airport, an airport in Ulster County, New York, United St ...

, 1879 * ''

Bartschia ''Bartschia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Colubrariidae. Species Species within the genus ''Bartschia'' include: * '' Bartschia agassizi'' Clench & Aguayo, 1941 * '' Bartschia frumari'' Garcia, 2008 * '' Ba ...

'' Rehder, 1943 * '' Bathyancistrolepis'' Habe & Ito, 1968 * '' Bathybuccinum'' Golikov & Sirenko, 1989 * '' Bathydomus'' Thiele, 1912 * '' Bayerius'' Olsson, 1971 * '' Beringion'' Habe & Ito, 1965 * † '' Boreokelletia'' Anderson, 1964 * '' Calliloncha'' Lus, 1978 * '' Cavineptunea'' Powell, 1951 * ''

Chauvetia ''Chauvetia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae The Buccinidae are a very large and diverse taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks or true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). ...

'' Monterosato, 1884 * '' Chlanidota'' Martens, 1878 * '' Chlanidotella'' Thiele 1929 * '' Chlanificula'' Powell, 1958 * '' Clea'' A. Adams, 1855 * ''

Clinopegma ''Clinopegma'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks. Species Species within the genus ''Clinopegma'' include: * ''Clinopegma chikaoi'' * ''Clinopegma decora'' * ''Clinopegma isikawai'' *' ...

'' Grant & Gale, 1931 * '' Corneobuccinum'' Golikov & Gulbin, 1977 * '' Costaria'' Golikov, 1977 * '' Crenatosipho'' Linse, 2002 * '' Drepanodontus'' Harasewych & Kantor, 2004 * '' Egotistica'' Marwick, 1934 * '' Euthrenopsis''

Powell Powell may refer to: People * Powell (surname) * Powell (given name) * Powell baronets, several baronetcies *Colonel Powell (disambiguation), several military officers *General Powell (disambiguation), several military leaders *Governor Powell (di ...

, 1929 * ''

Euthria ''Euthria'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae The Buccinidae are a very large and diverse taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks or true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). ...

'' M. E Gray, 1850 * '' Euthriostoma'' Marche-Marchard & Brebion, 1977 * ''

Falsimohnia ''Falsimohnia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks. Species Species within the genus ''Falsimohnia'' include: * ''Falsimohnia albozonata'' (Watson, 1886) * '' Falsimohnia anderssoni'' (S ...

'' Powell, 1951 * '' Fusinella'' Thiele, 1917 * '' Germonea'' Harasewych & Kantor, 2004 * † '' Golikovia'' Habe & Sato, 1972 * '' Habevolutopsius'' Kantor, 1983 * '' Harpofusus'' Habe & Ito, 1965 * '' Helicofusus'' Dall, 1916 * ''

Hindsia ''Hindsia'' is a genus of about 11 species of shrubs in the family Rubiaceae, native to tropical South America, mainly in Brazil. The species ''Hindsia longiflora'' and ''H. violacea'' were used to separate the genus from '' Rondeletia''. The ge ...

'' A. Adams, 1855 * '' Japelion'' Dall, 1916 * '' Japeuthria'' Iredale, 1918 * ''

Kelletia ''Kelletia'' is a genus of large sea snails, whelks, a marine gastropod molluscs in the family Austrosiphonidae, the true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Fraussen, K. (2015). Kelletia Bayle in P. Fischer, 1884. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: ...

'' Fischer, 1884 * '' Latisipho'' Dall, 1916 * '' Limatofusus'' Vaught, 1989 * '' Lirabuccinum'' Vermeij, 1991 * '' Lussivolutopsius'' Kantor, 1983 * '' Metaphos'' Olsson, 1964 * '' Meteuthria'' Thiele, 1912 * '' Mohnia'' Friele in Kobelt, 1879 * '' Muffinbuccinum'' Harasewych & Kantor, 2004 * '' Neancistrolepis'' Habe & Sato, 1972 * '' Neoberingius'' Habe & Ito, 1965 * '' Neobuccinum'' Smith, 1877 * '' Neoteron'' Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 * '' Northia'' Gray, 1847 * '' Ornatoconcha'' Lus, 1987 * '' Ovulatibuccinum'' Golikov & Sirenko, 1989 * '' Parabuccinum'' Harasewych, Kantor & Linse, 2000 * '' Paracalliloncha'' Lus, 1987 * '' Paranotoficula'' Kantor & Harasewych, 2008 * '' Pararetifusus'' Kosuge, 1967 * '' Parviphos'' Sarasua, 1984 * ''

Penion ''Penion'' is a genus of large marine snails, commonly known as siphon whelks, classified within the mollusc family Austrosiphonidae, the true whelks.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Penion P. Fischer, 1884. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Fischer, 1884 * '' Phaenomenella'' Fraussen, 2006 * '' Plicibuccinum'' Golikov & Gulbin, 1977 * '' Plicifusus'' Dall, 1902 * '' Probuccinum'' Thiele, 1912 * '' Proneptunea'' Thiele, 1912 * '' Pseudoliomesus'' Habe & Sato, 1972 * '' Pyrolofusus'' Friele, 1882 * '' Reticubuccinum'' Ito & Habe, 1980 * ''

Savatieria ''Savatieria'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Buccinidae.Bouchet, P.; Fraussen, K. (2015). Savatieria Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: Worl ...

'' Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885 * '' Searlesia'' Harmer, 1914 * ''

Serratifusus ''Serratifusus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Austrosiphonidae The Austrosiphonidae are a taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Austrosiphonid ...

'' Darragh, 1969 * '' Siphonofusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1952 * '' Spikebuccinum'' Harasewych & Kantor, 2004 * '' Strebela'' Kantor & Harasewych, 2013 * '' Tacita'' Lus, 1971 * '' Tasmeuthria'' Iredale, 1925 * ''

Thalassoplanes ''Thalassoplanes'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae The Buccinidae are a very large and diverse taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks or true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2 ...

'' Dall, 1908 * '' Trajana'' Gardner, 1948 * ''

Troschelia ''Troschelia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks. Species Species within the genus ''Troschelia'' include: * '' Troschelia berniciensis'' (King, 1846) ;Synonyms: * ''Troschelia (Thalass ...

'' Mörch, 1876 * '' Volutharpa'' Fischer, 1856 * † '' Zelandiella'' Finlay, 1926 ;Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Acamptochetus'' Cossmann, 1901: synonym of'' Metula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Adansonia'' Pallary, 1902: synonym of ''

'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Agassitula'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972: synonym of '' Metula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Anomalosipho'': synonym of ''

Anomalisipho ''Anomalisipho'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks. Species According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with valid names are included within the ...

'' Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 * ''Antemetula'' Rehder, 1943: synonym of '' Metula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * '' Antimitra'' Iredale, 1917: synonym of'' Metula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Barbitonia'' Dall, 1916: synonym of ''Neptunea (Barbitonia)'' Dall, 1916 represented as ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Bathyclionella'' Kobelt, 1905: synonym of ''

Belomitra ''Belomitra'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The pu ...

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Boreofusus'' G.O. Sars, 1878: synonym of ''

'' Mörch, 1876 * ''Brevisiphonia'' Lus, 1973: synonym of ''

'' Dall, 1908 * ''Buccinopsis'' Jeffreys, 1867: synonym of ''

'' Stimpson, 1865 * ''Chauvetiella'' F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of ''

'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Chrysodomus'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Colicryptus'' Iredale, 1918: synonym of ''

Turrisipho ''Turrisipho'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Colidae,.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Turrisipho Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marine ...

'' Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 * ''Colubrarina'' Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971: synonym of '' Metula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Cryptomitra'' Dall, 1924: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Dellina'' Beu, 1970: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Donovania'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: synonym of ''

'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Donovaniella'' F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of ''

'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Echinosipho'' Kaiser, 1977: synonym of ''

Americominella ''Americominella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Eosiphonidae The Eosiphonidae are a taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks and the like.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Eosiph ...

'' Klappenbach & Ureta, 1972 * ''Floritula'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972: synonym of '' Metula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Folineaea'' Monterosato, 1884: synonym of ''

'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Fulgur'' Montfort, 1810: synonym of ''

Busycon ''Busycon'' is a genus of very large edible sea snails in the subfamily Busyconinae. These snails are commonly known in the United States as ''whelks'' or ''Busycon whelks''. Less commonly they are loosely, and somewhat misleadingly, called "conc ...

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Jumala'' Friele, 1882: synonym of ''

'' Dall, 1887 * ''Kapala'' Ponder, 1982: synonym of '' Buccipagoda'' Ponder, 2010 * ''Lachesis'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''

'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Mada'' Jeffreys, 1867: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus,

* ''Madiella'' Wenz, 1943: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus,

* ''Mala'' Cossmann, 1901: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus,

* ''Minitula'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972: synonym of '' Metula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Morrisonella'' Bartsch, 1945: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Neptunia'' Locard, 1886: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Nesaea'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''

'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Parasipho'' Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912: synonym of '' Plicifusus'' Dall, 1902 * ''Pleurobela'' Monterosato in Locard, 1897: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Quasisipho'' Petrov, 1982: synonym of '' Plicifusus'' Dall, 1902 * ''Sipho'' Mörch, 1852: synonym of ''

Colus ''Colus'' (lat. ''colus'', distaff) is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Colidae, the true whelks and the like. Evolution ''Colus'' is related to the New Zealand genus ''Austrofusus''. Taxonomy The name ''Colus'' ...

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Siphonorbis'' Mörch, 1869: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Strombella'' Gray, 1857: synonym of ''

'' Mörch, 1857 * ''Syntagma'' Iredale, 1918: synonym of ''

'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Tritonidea'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of '' Cantharus'' Röding, 1798 * '' Tritonium'' O.F. Müller, 1776: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus,

* ''Tritonofusus'' Beck, 1847: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798

References

External links

Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642
{{taxonbar, from=Q24115 Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

Taxonomy

Habitat

Description

Taxonomy

Genera

References

Further reading

External links