1950 Deaths
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January

* January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''
Aeroflot PJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines (russian: ПАО "Аэрофло́т — Росси́йские авиали́нии", ), commonly known as Aeroflot ( or ; russian: Аэрофлот, , ), is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Russia. The ...
'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 aboard are killed, including almost the entire national ice hockey team ( VVS Moscow) of the Soviet Air Force – 11 players, as well as a team doctor and a masseur. *
January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...
– The UK recognizes the People's Republic of China; the
Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
severs diplomatic relations with Britain in response. *
January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...
– A fire in the St Elizabeth's Ward of Mercy Hospital in
Davenport, Iowa Davenport is a city in and the county seat of Scott County, Iowa, United States. Located along the Mississippi River on the eastern border of the state, it is the largest of the Quad Cities, a metropolitan area with a population of 384,324 and a ...
, United States, kills 41 patients. *
January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...
– The Israeli government recognizes the People's Republic of China. * January 12 – Submarine collides with
Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
oil tanker ''Divina'' in the Thames Estuary and sinks; 64 die. *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
– Finland forms diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. * January 21 – In the United States, suspected spy
Alger Hiss Alger Hiss (November 11, 1904 – November 15, 1996) was an American government official accused in 1948 of having spied for the Soviet Union in the 1930s. Statutes of limitations had expired for espionage, but he was convicted of perjury in con ...
is convicted on two counts of perjury. * January 23 – The Knesset passes a resolution that states Jerusalem is the capital of Israel. * January 24
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
:
Klaus Fuchs Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs (29 December 1911 – 28 January 1988) was a German theoretical physicist and atomic spy who supplied information from the American, British and Canadian Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union during and shortly aft ...
, German émigré and physicist, confesses to an MI5 interrogator that he is a Soviet spy: for seven years, he passed top secret data on U.S. and British nuclear weapons research to the Soviet Union. Fuchs is formally charged on February 2. * January 26 – India promulgates its constitution, forming a
republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
, and Rajendra Prasad is sworn in as its first president. The
Kingdom of Mysore The Kingdom of Mysore was a realm in South India, southern India, traditionally believed to have been founded in 1399 in the vicinity of the modern city of Mysore. From 1799 until 1950, it was a princely state, until 1947 in a subsidiary allia ...
is merged into the new republic. * January 31 ** United States President Harry S. Truman orders the development of the
hydrogen bomb A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation nuclear bombs, a more compact size, a lowe ...
, in response to the detonation of the Soviet Union's first
atomic bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...
in 1949."Year by Year 1950" – History Channel International ** The last Kuomintang troops surrender in mainland China.


February

*
February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...
Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...
is re-elected as president of the Republic of China. *
February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...
**In West Virginia, 372,000 coal miners strike (they remain out until March 3). ** The first Cabinet Secretary (N.R. Pillai) is appointed in India. * February 8 ** The
Stasi The Ministry for State Security, commonly known as the (),An abbreviation of . was the Intelligence agency, state security service of the East Germany from 1950 to 1990. The Stasi's function was similar to the KGB, serving as a means of maint ...
is founded in East Germany, and acts as a secret police until
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
. ** A payment is first made by Diners Club card, in New York, United States (the first use of a charge card). *
February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...
** Two Viet Minh battalions attack a French base in French Indochina. ** Finland recognizes Indonesia. * February 12 ** The
European Broadcasting Union The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; french: Union européenne de radio-télévision, links=no, UER) is an alliance of Public broadcasting, public service media organisations whose countries are within the European Broadcasting Area or who ar ...
is founded. ** Albert Einstein warns that nuclear war could lead to mutual destruction. *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...
British Columbia B-36 crash: The U.S. Air Force loses a Convair B-36 bomber that carried a Mark 4 nuclear bomb off the west coast of Canada, and produces the world's first Broken Arrow. *
February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: ** The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China sign a mutual defense treaty (terminated in
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
). ** In an election speech at Edinburgh,
Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...
proposes "a parley at the summit" with Soviet leaders, the first use of the term "
summit A summit is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. The topography, topographic terms acme, apex, peak (mountain peak), and zenith are synonymous. The term (mountain top) is generally used ...
" for such a meeting. *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
Juho Kusti Paasikivi is re-elected president of Finland. *
February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...
Konrad Adenauer tries unsuccessfully to negotiate with East Germany, to begin unification. * February 21Cunard liner ''Aquitania'' arrives at the scrapyard in
Faslane His Majesty's Naval Base, Clyde (HMNB Clyde; also HMS ''Neptune''), primarily sited at Faslane on the Gare Loch, is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Devonport and HMNB Portsmouth). It ...
at the end of a 36-year career, the longest of any in the 20th Century. *
February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
1950 United Kingdom general election The 1950 United Kingdom general election was the first ever to be held after a full term of Labour government. The election was held on Thursday 23 February 1950, and was the first held following the abolition of plural voting and university con ...
: The Labour Party, led by
Clement Attlee Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 18838 October 1967) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. He was Deputy Prime Mini ...
, remains in office, but the Tories, led by Winston Churchill, increase their seats in the House of Commons.


March

* March 1 **
Klaus Fuchs Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs (29 December 1911 – 28 January 1988) was a German theoretical physicist and atomic spy who supplied information from the American, British and Canadian Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union during and shortly aft ...
is convicted in London of spying against both Britain and the United States for the Soviet Union, by giving to the latter top secret
atomic bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...
data. ** Acting Chinese President Li Tsung-jen ends his term in office. **
Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...
resumes his duties as Chinese president, after moving his government to Taipei, Taiwan. * March 3 – Poland indicates its intention to exile all Germans. * March 8 – The first Volkswagen Type 2 (also known as the Microbus) rolls off the assembly line in Wolfsburg, Germany. *
March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– A plane carrying returning rugby fans from Ireland to Wales crashes near
Llandow Llandow ( cy, Llandŵ) is a village and community in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. The community population taken at the 2011 census was 726. The village is located south west of Cardiff. The community includes the villages of Sigingstone and ...
, with the loss of 80 lives. * March 13Royal Question:
Belgian monarchy referendum, 1950 A referendum on allowing King Leopold III's return to Belgium, and restoration of his powers and duties as monarch was held in Belgium on 12 March 1950. The proposal was approved by 57.68% of voters. Background King Leopold went into exile in ...
– In Belgium, the referendum over the monarchy shows 57.7% support the return of King Leopold III, 42.3% against. * March 18 – The Belgian government collapses, after the March 12 referendum favouring of the return from exile of King Leopold III. * March 20 – The Polish government enacts a law to take possession of properties owned by Roman Catholic churches. * March 22Egypt demands that Britain remove all its troops in the
Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( arz, قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ, ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The long canal is a popular ...
. * March 23 – The
22nd Academy Awards The 22nd Academy Awards were held on March 23, 1950, at the RKO Pantages Theatre, honoring the films in 1949. This was the final year in which all five Best Picture nominees were in Black & White, and the first year in which every film nomi ...
Ceremony is held.


April

* April 14 – Influential British
comic a Media (communication), medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information. It typically the form of a sequence of Panel (comics), panels of images. Textual devices such as speech balloons, Glo ...
''
Eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just ...
'' is launched. * April 15 – Belgian King Leopold III announces that he is ready to abdicate in favor of his son,
Baudouin Baudouin (;, ; nl, Boudewijn Albert Karel Leopold Axel Maria Gustaaf, ; german: Balduin Albrecht Karl Leopold Axel Maria Gustav. 7 September 1930 – 31 July 1993), Dutch name Boudewijn, was King of the Belgians from 17 July 1951 until his dea ...
. * April 24Jordan formally annexes the West Bank. *
April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
** Apartheid: In South Africa, the Group Areas Act is passed, formally segregating the races. ** Britain formally recognises Israel.


May

* May 1UNRWA, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, begins operations. * May 5Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), king of Thailand since 1946, is crowned, at The Grand Palace in Bangkok. * May 6 ** Cazin rebellion in
Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and He ...
against Communist agrarian reforms. ** Tollund Man is unearthed in Denmark. * May 9
Robert Schuman Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman (; 29 June 18864 September 1963) was a Luxembourg-born French statesman. Schuman was a Christian Democrat (Popular Republican Movement) political thinker and activist. Twice Prime Minister of France, a ref ...
presents his proposal for the creation of a pan-European organisation, which he believes to be indispensable to the maintenance of permanently peaceful relations between the different nations of the continent. This proposal, known as the " Schuman Declaration", is considered to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union. *
May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...
– The
Kefauver Committee The United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce was a special committee of the United States Senate which existed from 1950 to 1951 and which investigated organized crime which crossed state borders in the ...
hearings into U.S. organized crime begin. * May 13 – The first race in the inaugural FIA Formula One World Championship in automobile racing is held, at
Silverstone Silverstone is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It is about from Towcester on the former A43 main road, from the M1 motorway junction 15A and about from the M40 motorway junction 10, Northampton, Milton Keynes and B ...
, England. * May 14 – '' The Huntsville Times'' runs the headline " Dr. von Braun Says Rocket Flights Possible to Moon." * May 17Israeli Air Force Spitfires intercept a Royal Air Force Short Sunderland when it inadvertently crosses into Israeli airspace, forcing it to land at Lod Airport. The Sunderland's crew have been issued maps that do not depict Israel, as Britain had not recognized the Jewish state at the time they were issued. * May 22 ** Celâl Bayar becomes the third president of Turkey. **
Adnan Menderes Adnan Menderes (; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He ...
of the DP forms the new government of Turkey (19th government). *
May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...
– The United States Maritime Administration is formed (under the
Department of Commerce The United States Department of Commerce is an executive department of the U.S. federal government concerned with creating the conditions for economic growth and opportunity. Among its tasks are gathering economic and demographic data for bu ...
). * May 25 – The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel is formally opened to traffic in New York City. * May 29 ** ''
St. Roch Roch (lived c. 1348 – 15/16 August 1376/79 (traditionally c. 1295 – 16 August 1327, also called Rock in English, is a Catholic saint, a confessor whose death is commemorated on 16 August and 9 September in Italy; he is especially invoked a ...
'', the first ship to circumnavigate North America, arrives in Halifax, Nova Scotia. ** The pilot series of the world's longest-running radio soap opera, '' The Archers'', is first broadcast on BBC Light Programme in the U.K.


June

* June 123Mauna Loa in Hawaii starts erupting. * June 3Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal, of the French Annapurna expedition, become the first climbers to reach the summit of an 8,000-metre peak. *
June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...
Turkey: The
Adhan Adhan ( ar, أَذَان ; also variously transliterated as athan, adhane (in French), azan/azaan (in South Asia), adzan (in Southeast Asia), and ezan (in Turkish), among other languages) is the Islamic call to public prayer (salah) in a mos ...
in Arabic is permitted by law after a ban of 18 years. * June 8 – Sir Thomas Blamey becomes the only
Field Marshal Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army and as such few persons are appointed to it. It is considered as ...
in Australian history. * June 16Maracana Stadium, which becomes a well-known sports venue of Brazil, opens in Rio de Janeiro, in advance of the opening of the
1950 FIFA World Cup The 1950 FIFA World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams and held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950. The planned 1942 and 1946 World Cups were ...
in the country on June 24. * June 25 – The Korean War begins: Troops and T-34 tanks of the North Korean People's Army cross the 38th parallel into South Korea. * June 26 – The
Parliament of South Africa The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature; under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-seve ...
passes the
Suppression of Communism Act The Suppression of Communism Act, 1950 (Act No. 44 of 1950), renamed the Internal Security Act in 1976, was legislation of the national government in apartheid South Africa which formally banned the Communist Party of South Africa and proscribed ...
. * June 27Korean War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman orders American military forces to aid in the defense of South Korea. *
June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...
Korean War: ** North Korean forces capture Seoul, but do not win the war. **
Hangang Bridge bombing The Hangang Bridge bombing () was a demolition operation conducted by the South Korean Army to destroy the Hangang Bridge in Seoul, South Korea, on 28 June 1950, to delay the rapid North Korean advance towards the city. On 25 June that year, No ...
: The South Korean army, in an attempt to defend Seoul, blows up the Hangang Bridge while it is crowded with refugees. **
Seoul National University Hospital massacre The Seoul National University Hospital massacre () was a massacre of 700 to 900 doctors, nurses, inpatient civilians and wounded soldiers by the Korean People's Army (KPA) on 28 June 1950 at the Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul distri ...
: North Korean troops kill around 800 medical staff and patients. ** Bodo League massacre begins: South Korean armed forces and police summarily execute at least 100,000 suspected North Korean sympathizers.


July

* July 1421Korean WarBattle of Taejon: North Korean forces capture the city held by the U.S. 24th Infantry Division, but the delay allows establishment of the Pusan Perimeter. * July 16Uruguay beats Brazil 2–1, to win the
1950 World Cup The 1950 FIFA World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams and held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950. The planned 1942 and 1946 World Cups were ...
. * July 17 – The
Suppression of Communism Act The Suppression of Communism Act, 1950 (Act No. 44 of 1950), renamed the Internal Security Act in 1976, was legislation of the national government in apartheid South Africa which formally banned the Communist Party of South Africa and proscribed ...
(passed on June 26) comes into force in South Africa. * July 20 – After a month-long campaign, the majority of North Korea's Air Force was destroyed by anti-communist forces. * July 30 – 4 workers striking over the " Royal Question" in Belgium are shot dead by the ''
Gendarmerie Wrong info! --> A gendarmerie () is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to " men-at-arms" (literally, ...
'', at Grâce-Berleur near
Liège Liège ( , , ; wa, Lîdje ; nl, Luik ; german: Lüttich ) is a major city and municipality of Wallonia and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège. The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from b ...
.


August

* August 5 **
2 Squadron SAAF 2 Squadron is a squadron in the South African Air Force which was formed in 1940. The squadron has a long history, having been involved in every single combat action in which the SAAF has taken part. During the Second World War it made a name for ...
departs, to take part in the Korean War. **
1950 Fairfield-Suisun Boeing B-29 crash Northeast of San Francisco, California, on 5 August 1950, a United States Air Force Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber carrying a Mark 4 nuclear bomb crashed shortly after takeoff from Fairfield-Suisun Air Force Base with 20 men on board. Twelve men ...
: A bomb-laden
Boeing B-29 Superfortress The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is an American four-engined propeller-driven heavy bomber, designed by Boeing and flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War. Named in allusion to its predecessor, the B-17 Fl ...
crashes into a residential area in California, United States, killing 17 people and injuring 68. *
August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...
– Monarchist demonstrations lead to a riot in Brussels. * August 8 ** Florence Chadwick swims across the English Channel in 13 hours, 22 minutes. **
Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...
supports idea of a pan-European army, allied with Canada and the U.S. * August 12 ** Korean War: Bloody Gulch massacre. ** In his
encyclical An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin (originally from ...
'' Humani generis'',
Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII ( it, Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (; 2 March 18769 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his e ...
declares evolution to be a serious hypothesis, that does not contradict essential Catholic teachings. * August 15 – The 8.6 Assam–Tibet earthquake shakes the region, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of XI (''Extreme''), killing between 1,500 and 3,300 people. * August 17 – Korean War – Hill 303 massacre: 39 U.S. soldiers are executed, after being captured in battle by North Korea. * August 22 ** France announces the introduction of a government-guaranteed minimum wage. ** The Immaculate Heart of Mary Seminary is founded in Tagbilaran City, Philippines. * August 23 – Legendary singer-actor Paul Robeson, whose passport had recently been revoked because of his alleged Communist affiliations, meets with U.S. officials in an effort to get it reinstated. He is unsuccessful, and it is not reinstated until 1958.


September

* September 3 – Italian racing driver Giuseppe Farina becomes the first winner of the Formula One, FIA Formula One World Championship, being the only driver to win the championship in his home country. * September 7 – The Knockshinnoch Disaster in Scotland kills 13 coal miners; 116 are rescued. * September 15 – Korean War – Battle of Inchon: Allied troops commanded by Douglas MacArthur land in Incheon, Inchon, occupied by North Korea, to begin a U.N. counteroffensive. * September 18 – Rede Tupi, the first television broadcast network in South America, is founded in Brazil. * September 19 ** West Germany decides to purge communist officials. ** Korean War: An attack by Korean People's Army, North Korean forces was repelled at the Battle of Nam River. * September 26 – Indonesia is admitted to the United Nations.


October

* Turing test published. * October 3 – Getúlio Vargas is elected president of Brazil for a 5-year term. * October 5 – The Indonesian government quells riots in the Moluccas. * October 7 ** Battle of Chamdo: The Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China, begins with the Chinese People's Liberation Army invading across the Jinsha River. By October 19 they will have taken the border town of Chamdo, and the Tibetan army will have surrendered. ** The Agate Pass Bridge opens for traffic in Washington State. * October 9 – The Goyang Geumjeong Cave massacre begins in South Korea. * October 11 – The Federal Communications Commission in the United States issues the first license to broadcast television in color, to CBS (RCA will successfully dispute and block the license from taking effect, however). * October 19 – Korean War: The People's Republic of China enters the conflict, by sending thousands of soldiers across the Yalu River. * October 20 – Australia passes the Communist Party Dissolution Act, which is later struck down by the High Court. * October 28 – Torcida Split is founded, in support of the Association football club HNK Hajduk Split, in SFR Yugoslavia. * October 29 – Upon the death of Gustaf V of Sweden, he is succeeded as king by his 68-year-old son Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, Gustaf VI Adolf. * October 30 – The Jayuya Uprising is started by Puerto Rican Nationalists, against the United States-supported government.


November

* November 1 **
Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII ( it, Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (; 2 March 18769 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his e ...
witnesses the "Miracle of the Sun" at the Vatican City, Vatican and dogmatic definition, defines a new dogma of Roman Catholicism, the Munificentissimus Deus, which says that God took Mary's body into Heaven after her death (the "Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary"). ** Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate U.S. President Harry S. Truman, who is staying at the Blair-Lee House in Washington, D.C. during White House repairs. * November 4 – The United Nations ends the diplomatic isolation of Spain. * November 8 – Korean War: While in an P-80 Shooting Star, F-80, United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown intercepts 2 North Korean MiG-15s near the Yalu River and shoots them down, in the first jet aircraft, jet-to-jet dogfight in history. * November 10 – A U.S. Air Force B-50 Superfortress bomber, 1950 Rivière-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident, experiencing an in-flight emergency, jettisons and detonates a Mark 4 nuclear bomb over Quebec, Canada (the device lacks its plutonium core). * November 13 ** The President of Venezuela, Colonel Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, is kidnapped and murdered in Caracas. ** A 1950 Tête de l'Obiou C-54 crash, Curtiss Reid Flying Services plane crashes while en route to Paris from Rome, killing all 52 on board. * November 17 – Tenzin Gyatso, 15, is formally enthroned as the 14th Dalai Lama, becoming temporal ruler of Tibet (1912–51), Tibet. * November 18 – The United Nations accepts the formation of the Libyan National Council. * November 24 – A phenomenal winter storm ravages the northeastern United States, brings 30–50 inches of snow and temperatures below zero, and kills 323 people. * November 26 – Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China launch a massive counterattack against South Korean and United Nations forces at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, Ch'ongch'on River and the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, Chosin Reservoir, dashing any hopes for a quick end to the conflict. * November 28 ** The Colombo Plan for Co-operative Economic Development in South and South-East Asia comes into effect. ** Greece and Yugoslavia reform diplomatic relations. * November 29 – The National Council of Churches, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA is founded. * November 30 – Douglas MacArthur threatens to use nuclear weapons in Korea.


December

* December 2 – Korean War: The Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River ends with the Chinese People's Volunteer Army expelling United Nations forces from North Korea. * December 31 – The inaugural 12 Hours of Sebring automobile endurance race is held in Florida.


Date unknown

* Canadians Harry Wasylyk, Larry Hansen and Frank Plomp introduce the plastic bin bag, for Waste, garbage collection. * Myxomatosis is introduced into Australia, in an attempt to control the escalating rabbit population. * IBM Israel begins operating in Tel Aviv. * President Harry Truman sends United States military advisers to Vietnam, to aid French forces. * Knox's Translation of the Vulgate Old Testament (commissioned by the Catholic Church) is published. * Laos gets involved in the First Indochina War, to overthrow the French Army. * Raid Pyrénéen, a French timed bicycle challenge since 1950.


Births


January

* January 1 – Wayne Bennett (rugby league), Wayne Bennett, Australian rugby league player and coach * January 3 ** Victoria Principal, American actress (''Dallas (1978 TV series), Dallas'') ** Vesna Vulović, Serbian flight attendant and world-record holding plane crash survivor (d. 2016) *
January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...
** Juan Gabriel, Mexican singer, songwriter and philanthropist (d. 2016) ** Erin Gray, American actress *
January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...
– Alec Jeffreys, British geneticist, who developed techniques for DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling * January 12 – Dorrit Moussaieff, Israeli-born British businesswoman; List of spouses and partners of Icelandic presidents, First Lady of Iceland 2003-2016 * January 14 – Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya, Hindu religious leader * January 16 ** Debbie Allen, African-American actress, dancer, and choreographer ** Honey Irani, Indian film actress and screenwriter ** Luis López Nieves, Puerto Rican writer * January 18 – Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver (d. 1982) * January 21 – Billy Ocean, Trinidadian–British singer * January 23 – Richard Dean Anderson, American actor (''MacGyver (1985 TV series), MacGyver'') * January 24 ** Daniel Auteuil, French actor ** Gennifer Flowers, American actress, connected to Bill Clinton * January 26 – Jörg Haider, Austrian politician (d. 2008) * January 29 ** Ann Jillian, American actress ** Jody Scheckter, South African racing driver ** Miklós Vámos, Hungarian writer, screenwriter


February

*
February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...
– Kazimierz Nycz, Polish clergyman * February 3 – Morgan Fairchild, American actress (''Flamingo Road (TV series), Flamingo Road'') *
February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...
– Natalie Cole, African-American singer (d. 2015) * February 7 – Karen Joy Fowler, American author * February 10 ** Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican politician and economist, assassinated while campaigning for President of Mexico (d. 1994) ** Mark Spitz, American Olympic swimmer * February 12 ** Michael Ironside, Canadian actor (''V (1983 miniseries), V'') ** João W. Nery, Brazilian writer and LGBT activist (died 2018) *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...
– Peter Gabriel, English rock musician, original lead singer of ''Genesis (band), Genesis'' *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
– Tsui Hark, Hong Kong film director * February 16 – Peter Hain, Kenyan-born British politician * February 18 ** Nana Amba Eyiaba I, Ghanaian queen mother and advocate ** John Hughes (filmmaker), John Hughes, American film director, producer and writer (d. 2009) ** Cybill Shepherd, American actress (''The Last Picture Show'') * February 21 ** Larry Drake, American actor, voice artist, and comedian (d. 2016) ** Sahle-Work Zewde, President of Ethiopia * February 22 ** Julius Erving, African-American basketball player ** Awn Al-Khasawneh, Prime Minister of Jordan ** Miou-Miou, French actress ** Julie Walters, English actress * February 24 – George Thorogood, American musician * February 25 ** Neil Jordan, Irish film director, writer and producer ** Néstor Kirchner, 49th President of Argentina (d. 2010) * February 26 – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand * February 27 – Azean Irdawaty, Malaysian actress, singer (d. 2013) * February 28 – Jaime Fabregas, Filipino actor


March

* March 1 – Phil Alden Robinson, American film director * March 2 – Karen Carpenter, American singer and drummer (d. 1983) * March 4 – Rick Perry, American politician, 14th U.S. Secretary of Energy, 47th Governor of Texas * March 9 – Danny Sullivan, American race car driver * March 10 ** Carlos Roberto Flores, President of Honduras ** Catherine Pugh, Democrat politician, 50th mayor of Baltimore and criminal * March 11 ** Bobby McFerrin, African-American singer (''Don't Worry, Be Happy'') ** Jerry Zucker (film director), Jerry Zucker, American film producer, director and writer *
March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– Javier Clemente, Spanish football player, manager * March 13 **Robert Brandom, American philosopher **William H. Macy, American actor ** Charles Krauthammer, American conservative political commentator (d. 2018) * March 18 – Brad Dourif, American actor * March 20 – William Hurt, American actor (d. 2022) * March 21 – Sergey Lavrov, Foreign Minister of Russia, current Foreign Minister of Russia * March 22 ** Hugo Egon Balder, German actor, television presenter ** Jocky Wilson, Scottish darts player (d. 2012) * March 26 ** Teddy Pendergrass, African-American singer (d. 2010) ** Martin Short, Canadian-born comedian (''Saturday Night Live'') ** Alan Silvestri, American composer, conductor * March 27 – Maria Ewing, American operatic soprano (d. 2022) * March 29 ** Kulsoom Nawaz, Pakistani politician (d. 2018) ** Mory Kanté, Guinean musician (d. 2020)


April

* April 1 – Samuel Alito, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States * April 4 – Christine Lahti, American actress * April 5 ** Agnetha Fältskog, Swedish pop singer, songwriter (''ABBA'') ** Harpo (singer), Harpo, Swedish pop musician ** Paul Oscher, American blues singer-songwriter * April 6 – Tan Aik Mong, Malaysian badminton player (d. 2020) * April 8 – Grzegorz Lato, Polish footballer * April 11 – Bill Irwin, American actor * April 12 ** Joyce Banda, née Mtila, 4th President of Malawi ** David Cassidy, American actor and singer (d. 2017) * April 13 ** Ron Perlman, American television, film, stage, and voice actor ** Tommy Raudonikis, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 2021) * April 14 ** Francis Collins, American physician ** Péter Esterházy, Hungarian writer (d. 2016) * April 15 − Josiane Balasko, French actress, writer and director * April 18 − Kenny Ortega, American filmmaker, touring manager, and choreographer * April 20 − N. Chandrababu Naidu, Indian politician, 13th List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh * April 22 ** Peter Frampton, English rock musician ** Thierry Zéno, Belgian filmmaker * April 26 – Liz Chase, Zimbabwean field hockey player (d. 2018) * April 28 – Jay Leno, American comedian and talk show host * April 29 – Paul Holmes (broadcaster), Paul Holmes, New Zealand radio and television broadcaster (d. 2013)


May

* May 5 – Googoosh, Iranian singer, actress * May 6 – Jeffery Deaver, American crime writer * May 7 – Tim Russert, American journalist (''Meet the Press'') (d. 2008) * May 10 – Dale Wilson (actor), Dale Wilson, Canadian voice actor *
May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...
– Sadashiv Amrapurkar, Indian actor (d. 2014) * May 12 – Gabriel Byrne, Irish actor * May 13 ** Joe Johnston, American film director ** Danny Kirwan, British musician (d. 2018) ** Stevie Wonder, African-American musician * May 14 – Jill Stein, American politician, activist, and 2016 Green Party presidential candidate * May 15 – Renate Stecher, German athlete * May 16 – Georg Bednorz, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * May 17 – Janez Drnovšek, Slovenian politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Slovenia, 2nd President of Slovenia (d. 2008) * May 18 ** Thomas Gottschalk, German radio, television host, entertainer and actor ** Mark Mothersbaugh, American composer, artist, and singer (''Devo'') * May 29 – Frederick Sumaye, 7th Prime Minister of Tanzania


June

* June 3 ** Melissa Mathison, American screenwriter (d. 2015) ** Suzi Quatro, American singer and songwriter ** Deniece Williams, African-American singer * June 5 – Abraham Sarmiento, Jr., Filipino journalist, political activist (d. 1977) * June 8 – Kathy Baker, American actress * June 13 – Belinda Bauer (actress), Belinda Bauer, Australian actress * June 14 – Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury * June 15 – Lakshmi Mittal, Indian industrialist * June 16 – Mithun Chakraborty, Indian actor, singer, producer, writer, social worker, entrepreneur * June 19 – Ann Wilson, American singer, musician (''Heart (band), (Heart)'') * June 20 – Nouri al-Maliki, 74th Prime Minister of Iraq * June 21 ** Joey Kramer, American musician ** Vasilis Papakonstantinou, Greek singer and musician * June 22 ** Adrian Năstase, 59th Prime Minister of Romania ** Zenonas Petrauskas, Lithuanian lawyer, politician (d. 2009) * June 24 – Nancy Allen (actress), Nancy Allen, American actress * June 25 ** Nitza Saul, Israeli actress ** Marcello Toninelli, Italian writer * June 26 – Jaak Joala, Estonian singer, musician (d. 2010) * June 29 – Simone Gbagbo, International Criminal Court, ICC criminal, former Côte d'Ivoire, Ivorian politician and First Lady of Ivory Coast, First Lady


July

* July 5 – Huey Lewis, American rock singer * July 9 – Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine * July 11 – Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani nuclear physicist and social activist * July 12 – Eric Carr, American rock drummer, musician (''Kiss (band), Kiss'') (d. 1991) * July 13 ** Ma Ying-jeou, President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) ** Jurelang Zedkaia, 5th President of the Marshall Islands (d. 2015) * July 14 – Chungsen Leung, Taiwanese-Canadian businessman, politician * July 17 ** Tengku Sulaiman Shah, Malaysian corporate figure ** Phoebe Snow, African-American singer-songwriter (d. 2011) ** Stevo Stepanovski, Macedonian bibliophile * July 18 ** Sir Richard Branson, British entrepreneur ** Jack Layton, Canadian politician (d. 2011) * July 19 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance * July 26 – Susan George (actress), Susan George, British actress * July 28 ** Soh Chin Aun, Malaysian footballer ** Sir Tapley Seaton, Kittitian politician, 4th Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis * July 29 – Jenny Holzer, American conceptual artist


August

* August 3 ** John Landis, American film director ** Ernesto Samper, 29th President of Colombia * August 5 – Rosi Mittermaier, German ski racer * August 7 – Alan Keyes, African-American conservative political activist * August 8 ** Lucjan Lis, Polish-German cyclist (d. 2015) ** Ken Kutaragi, Japanese businessman * August 9 – Anémone, French actress, filmmaker and political activist (d. 2019) * August 11 ** Gennadiy Nikonov, Russian weapon designer (d. 2003) ** Steve Wozniak, American inventor, engineer, programmer, philanthropist, and entrepreneur * August 12 – Iris Berben, German actress * August 15 ** Anne, Princess Royal, British royal, daughter of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, The Duke of Edinburgh ** Neil J. Gunther, Australian/American physicist, computer scientist * August 16 ** Hasely Crawford, West Indian athlete ** Marshall Manesh, Persian actor * August 17 – Jose Apolinario Lozada Jr., Filipino diplomat, politician (d. 2018) * August 19 – Sudha Murthy, Indian philanthropist and author * August 22 – Scooter Libby, American conservative political adviser * August 23 – Alan Tam, Hong Kong singer and actor * August 27 – Charles Fleischer, American actor, stand-up comedian and voice artist


September

* September 1 ** Mikhail Fradkov, Russian politician, Prime Minister of Russia (2004–2007) ** Phil McGraw, American TV psychologist * September 7 ** John Friedrich (fraudster), Johann Friedrich, German-Australian engineer, con man ** Julie Kavner, American actress and the voice of Marge Simpson * September 8 – Mark Gable, Australian singer, songwriter (''The Choirboys (band), The Choirboys'') * September 14 ** Paul Kossoff, British rock guitarist (''free (band), Free'') (d. 1976) ** Masami Kuwashima, Japanese racing driver * September 15 – Rajiv Malhotra, Indian-American author * September 17 – Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India * September 21 ** Charles Clarke, British politician ** Bill Murray, American actor and comedian * September 22 – Kirka Babitzin, Finnish singer (d. 2007) * September 24 ** Feng Ting-kuo, Taiwanese politician (d. 2018) ** Kristina Wayborn, Swedish actress * September 27 – Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Japanese actor * September 28 – Christina Hoff Sommers, American author and philosopher


October

* October 1 ** Boris Morukov, Russian astronaut (d. 2015) ** Randy Quaid, American actor, comedian * October 3 – Phyllis Nelson, American singer (d. 1998) * October 7 – Jakaya Kikwete, 4th President of Tanzania * October 9 – Jody Williams, American teacher, aid worker and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize * October 10 – Nora Roberts, American novelist * October 12 ** Takeshi Kaga, Kaga Takeshi, Japanese actor ** Pilar Pilapil, Filipina actress ** Howard Rollins, American actor (d. 1996) * October 16 – Angry Grandpa, American YouTuber (d. 2017) * October 18 – Wendy Wasserstein, American playwright (d. 2006) * October 19 – Bishop Bill Ray (bishop), Bill Ray, 10th Anglican Bishop of North Queensland, Bishop of North Queensland * October 20 – Tom Petty, American rock singer (d. 2017) * October 22 – Donald Ramotar, 8th President of Guyana * October 25 ** Walter Kwok, Hong Kong entrepreneur (d. 2018) ** Chris Norman, English singer (''Smokie (band), Smokie'') * October 28 ** Annette Humpe, German singer (''Ideal (German band), Ideal'', ''Ich + Ich'') ** Sihem Bensedrine, Tunisian human rights activist * October 29 ** Rino Gaetano, Italian musician and singer-songwriter (d. 1981) ** Abdullah Gül, 11th President of Turkey * October 31 – John Candy, Canadian comedian, actor (d. 1994)


November

* November 1 – Robert B. Laughlin, American Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * November 3 ** Massimo Mongai, Italian author (d. 2016) ** Nayyara Noor, Pakistani playback singer (d. 2022) * November 4 **Charles Frazier, American novelist **Markie Post, American actress (d. 2021) * November 9 – Maravillas Rojo, Catalan politician * November 10 – Debra Hill, American producer (d. 2005) * November 17 – Roland Matthes, German swimmer * November 21 – Alberto Juantorena, Cuban athlete * November 22 – Steven Van Zandt, American singer, songwriter, musician, producer, actor, and activist. * November 23 – Chuck Schumer, American politician * November 28 ** Ed Harris, American actor and film director ** Russell Alan Hulse, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * November 29 – Olavi Mäenpää, Finnish politician (d. 2018)


December

* December 1 ** Manju Bansal, Indian molecular biologist ** Themba Dlamini, 9th Prime Minister of Swaziland * December 2 ** Amin Saikal, Australian academic professor ** Benjamin Stora, French historian ** Paul Watson, Canadian-American founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society * December 5 – Camarón de la Isla, Spanish singer (d. 1992) * December 7 – Hasanaga Sadigov, Azerbaijani ashik musician (d. 2018) * December 9 – Joan Armatrading, St. Kitts-born English singer, songwriter * December 12 ** Heiner Flassbeck, German economist, professor, publicist, political counselor and State secretary ** Rajinikanth, Indian actor * December 13 – Wendie Malick, American actress and former fashion model * December 19 – Manny Trillo, Venezuelan-born American baseball player * December 22 – María Antonieta de las Nieves, Mexican actress, comedian, and singer (La Chilindrina in ''El Chavo del Ocho'') * December 23 – Vicente del Bosque, Spanish footballer, manager * December 25 – Yehuda Poliker, Israeli singer, songwriter, musician, and painter * December 30 – Safiya Henderson-Holmes, African-American poet (d. 2001)


Date unknown

* Koibla Djimasta, 7th Prime Minister of Chad (d. 2007) * Joseph Yodoyman, 4th Prime Minister of Chad (d. 1993)


Deaths


January

* January 1 – William A. Griffin (Roman Catholic bishop), William A. Griffin, American Roman Catholic prelate and reverend (b. 1885) * January 2 ** Emil Jannings, Swiss-born German actor (b. 1884) ** Anthony Prusinski, American politician (b. 1901) ** Theophrastos Sakellaridis, Greek composer, conductor (b. 1883) * January 3 – Tess Gardella, Italian-born American actress, dancer (b. 1894) *
January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...
** Monty Banks, Italian comedian, director (b. 1897) ** Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao, Spanish politician, writer, painter and doctor (b. 1886) ** Joseph, Duke of Parma (b. 1875) * January 8 – Joseph Schumpeter, Czech economist, political scientist (b. 1883) * January 11 – James A. Colescott, American Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan (b. 1897) * January 12 – John M. Stahl, American film director, producer (b. 1886) *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
– Gino Frittelli, Italian painter (b. 1879) * January 14 – Ieu Koeus, 9th Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1905) * January 16 – Ali Moustafa Mosharafa, Egyptian physicist (b. 1898) * January 17 – Seiichi Hatano, Japanese philosopher (b. 1877) * January 18 – Horace Rice, Australian tennis player (b. 1872) * January 20 – Ray Duggan, Australian speedway rider (b. 1913) * January 21 – George Orwell, British author (b. 1903) * January 22 – Alan Hale Sr., American actor (b. 1892) * January 23 – Vasil Kolarov, Bulgarian Communist politician, former provisional head of State and 33rd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1877) * January 29 – Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Sheikh of Kuwait (b. 1885)


February

* February 3 ** Sir Lionel Cripps, Rhodesian politician (b. 1863) ** Karl Seitz, Austrian politician, 1st President of Austria (b. 1869) *
February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...
– Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (b. 1884) * February 7 ** D. K. Broster, British historical novelist (b. 1877) ** Masao Inoue (actor), Masao Inoue, Japanese actor, director (b. 1881) ** William Murphy (Bishop of Saginaw), William Murphy, American Roman Catholic clergyman, bishop and reverend (b. 1885) * February 9 ** Abdul Qadir (Muslim leader), Abdul Qadir, Indian editor (b. 1874) ** Franz Justus Rarkowski, German Roman Catholic bishop and reverend (b. 1873) ** Ted Theodore, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland (b. 1884) * February 10 – Marcel Mauss, French sociologist (b. 1872) *
February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...
– Kiki Cuyler, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1898) * February 12 – Bernard Meninsky, Ukrainian-born British artist, painter, draughtsman and teacher (b. 1891) *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...
– Rafael Sabatini, Italian writer (b. 1875) *
February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...
** Cecilio Guzmán de Rojas, Bolivian painter (b. 1899) ** Karl Guthe Jansky, American physicist, radio engineer and father of radio astronomy (b. 1905) * February 16 ** Johannes Hjelmslev, Danish mathematician (b. 1873) ** Mile-a-Minute Murphy, American cyclist (b. 1870) * February 21 – Gerhard Kowalewski, German mathematician (b. 1876) *
February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
– Piotr Śmietański, Polish executioner (b. 1899) * February 25 ** Ignatius Arnoz, Czechoslovakian Roman Catholic prelate and reverend (b. 1885) ** George Minot, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1885) * February 26 – Harry Lauder, British entertainer (b. 1870)


March

* March 2 – Rosli Dhobi, Ethnic Malays, Malay Sarawakian nationalist (b. 1932) * March 4 – Anthony Holles (actor), Anthony Holles, British actor (b. 1901) * March 5 ** Sid Grauman, American theatre entrepreneur (b. 1879) ** Edgar Lee Masters, American poet (b. 1868) * March 6 ** Albert Lebrun, French politician, 15th President of France (b. 1871) ** Harry Redfern, British architect (b. 1861) * March 10 – Marguerite De La Motte, American actress (b. 1902) * March 11 ** Ralph Freeman (1880–1950), Ralph Freeman, British engineer (b. 1880) ** Heinrich Mann, German novelist (b. 1871) ** Brock Pemberton, American theatrical producer (b. 1885) * March 15 ** Alexander Kabiskoy, Soviet WWII heroine (b. 1920) ** Carl Storck, 3rd President of the National Football League (b. 1892) * March 18 – Väinö Kivilinna, Finnish teacher, activist and politician (b. 1875) * March 19 ** Edgar Rice Burroughs, American author (''Tarzan'') (b. 1875) ** Norman Haworth, Sir Norman Haworth, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1883) ** Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, 28th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1872) * March 20 – Frederick Twort, English bacteriologist (b. 1877) * March 21 – Katherine Grey (actress), Katherine Grey, American actress (b. 1873) * March 22 – Emmanuel Mounier, French philosopher (b. 1905) * March 24 ** James Rudolph Garfield, American politician (b. 1865) ** Harold Laski, British political theorist, economist (b. 1893) * March 25 ** Frank Buck (animal collector), Frank Buck, American animal collector (b. 1884) ** Frances Micklethwait, British chemist (b. 1867) * March 27 – Solomone Ula Ata, Prime Minister of Tonga (b. 1883) * March 30 ** Léon Blum, French statesman, 2-time Prime Minister of France (b. 1872) ** Joe Yule, British entertainer, father of Mickey Rooney (b. 1894)


April

* April 1 ** F. O. Matthiessen, American historian, literary critic (b. 1902) ** Recep Peker, Turkish officer, politician and 6th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1889) * April 3 – Kurt Weill, German-born composer (b. 1900) * April 5 – Charles Binaggio, American gangster (b. 1909) * April 7 – Walter Huston, Canadian-born American actor (b. 1883) * April 8 – Vaslav Nijinsky, Soviet ballet dancer, choreographer (b. 1889) * April 10 ** Fevzi Çakmak, Turkish military officer, statesman and Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1876) ** Alfred Fischer (architect), Alfred Fischer, German architect (b. 1881) * April 11 – Bainbridge Colby, United States Secretary of State (b. 1869) * April 13 ** Saleh al-Ali, Syrian revolt leader (b. 1884) ** James Morrison (bishop), James Morrison, Canadian Roman Catholic bishop and reverend (b. 1861) * April 14 – Ramana Maharshi, Indian Sage (philosophy), sage and jivanmukta (b. 1879) * April 16 ** Henry J. Knauf, American politician (b. 1891) ** Arnaud Massy, French golfer (b. 1877) * April 17 – Władysław Filipkowski, Polish military commander (b. 1892) * April 23 ** Gemma Bellincioni, Italian soprano (b. 1864) ** Franciscus Janssens, Dutch Roman Catholic abbot and reverend (b. 1881) * April 26 – George Murray Hulbert, American politician (b. 1881) *
April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
** Hobart Cavanaugh, American character actor (b. 1886) ** Karel Koželuh, Czech tennis player (b. 1895) * April 30 – Francesco Jovine, Italian writer, author (b. 1902)


May

* May 1 – Lothrop Stoddard, American eugenicist (b. 1883) * May 6 – Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes, Nicaraguan politician, 23rd President of Nicaragua (b. 1872) * May 7 – Gavrilo V, Serbian Patriarch (b. 1881) * May 8 – Vital Brazil, Brazilian physician and immunologist (b. 1865) * May 9 ** Harry Stubbs (actor), Harry Stubbs, British-born American actor (b. 1874) ** Esteban Terradas i Illa, Andorran mathematician, scientist and engineer (b. 1883) * May 10 ** John Gould Fletcher, American poet (b. 1886) ** Belle da Costa Greene, American librarian, bibliographer and archivist (b. 1883) *
May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...
– Cedric Holland, British admiral (b. 1889) * May 12 – Harold Basil Christian, South African-Rhodesian horticulturalist (b. 1871) * May 18 – Henri Cihoski, Romanian general and politician (b. 1871) * May 19 ** Giuseppe Garibaldi II, Italian soldier, patriot, revolutionary and grandson of Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi (b. 1879) ** Giuseppina Suriano, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1915) * May 22 ** Andrew McDonald (bishop), Andrew McDonald, British Roman Catholic clergyman, bishop and reverend (b. 1871) ** Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, 27th President of El Salvador (b. 1874) *
May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...
** Isidore Ngei Ko Lat, Burmese catechist, Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (killed in action) (b. 1918) ** Peter Petrovich Troyanskii, Soviet educator and scholar (b. 1894) ** Mario Vergara, Italian Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (killed in action) (b. 1910) ** Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, British field marshal (b. 1883) * May 25 – Nicolae Ciupercă, Romanian general and politician (b. 1882) * May 26 – Stanisław Kętrzyński, Polish historian, diplomat (b. 1878) * May 28 – Vicente Sotto, Filipino politician (b. 1877)


June

* June 3 – Ahmad Tajuddin, Sultan of Brunei (b. 1913) * June 4 ** Carmen Baroja, Spanish writer, ethnologist (b. 1883) ** George Cecil Ives, German-born British poet, writer, penal reformer and early gay rights campaigner (b. 1867) ** Kazys Grinius, 3rd President of Lithuania (b. 1866) * June 5 – Miklós Bánffy, Hungarian nobleman, politician and novelist (b. 1873) *
June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...
– William Wadsworth (actor), William Wadsworth, American actor (b. 1874) * June 9 – Denis Auguste Duchêne, French general (b. 1862) * June 20 – Etsu Inagaki Sugimoto, Japanese autobiographer, novelist (b. 1874) * June 22 – Jane Cowl, American actress (b. 1883) * June 24 – Darwan Singh Negi, Indian Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1881) * June 26 – Antonina Nezhdanova, Soviet soprano (b. 1873) * June 27 ** Záviš Kalandra, Czechoslovak historian, theorist (b. 1902) ** Theophilus Pashkovsky, Orthodox Church in America, American Orthodox archbishop, metropolitan (b. 1874) *
June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...
– Archbishop Makarios II of Cyprus, Makarios II (b. 1870) * June 29 – Melitta Bentz, German entrepreneur, who invented the coffee filter in 1908 (b. 1873)


July

* July 1 – Eliel Saarinen, Finnish architect (b. 1873) * July 5 – Salvatore Giuliano, Italian bandit (b. 1922) * July 7 – Fats Navarro, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1923) * July 8 ** Helen Holmes (actress), Helen Holmes, American actress (b. 1892) ** Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher and economist (b. 1878) * July 10 – Richard Maury, American naturalized Argentine engineer (b. 1882) * July 11 – Buddy DeSylva, American songwriter (b. 1895) * July 12 ** Lev Galler, Soviet admiral (b. 1883) ** Elsie de Wolfe, American socialite and interior decorator (b. 1859) * July 17 ** Evangeline Booth, 4th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1865) ** Antonie Nedošinská, Czechoslovakian actress (b. 1885) * July 18 – Mignon Talbot, American paleontologist (b. 1869) * July 21 – Rex Ingram (director), Rex Ingram, American director (b. 1892) * July 22 – William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canadian political leader, 10th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874) * July 24 – Zeffie Tilbury, English stage and film actress (b. 1863) * July 27 – Marta Steinsvik, Norwegian author (b. 1877) * July 28 – Kevin Budden, Australian amateur herpetologist (b. 1930) * July 30 – Guilhermina Suggia, Portuguese cellist (b. 1885)


August

* August 3 ** Pierre-Émile Côté, Canadian politician (b. 1887) ** Kristian Laake, Norwegian general (b. 1875) *
August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...
– Francisco José Urrutia Olano, Colombian diplomat and jurist (b. 1870) * August 8 – Nikolai Myaskovsky, Soviet composer (b. 1881) * August 10 – Tadeusz Tomaszewski (Prime Minister), Tadeusz Tomaszewski, 34th Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1881) * August 19 ** Black Elk, Wičháša Wakȟáŋ (Medicine Man or Holy Man) of the Ogala Teton Lakota (Western Sioux) (b. 1863) ** Giovanni Giorgi, Italian physicist, engineer (b. 1871) * August 22 – Kirk Bryan (geologist), Kirk Bryan, American geologist (b. 1888) * August 23 – Frank Phillips (oil industrialist), Frank Phillips, American oil executive (b. 1873) * August 24 ** Arturo Alessandri, Chilean politician, reformer and 3-time President of Chile (b. 1868) ** Vasily Gordov, Soviet general (executed) (b. 1896) ** Grigory Kulik, Soviet military officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union (executed) (b. 1890) * August 25 – Giuseppe Grassi (politician), Giuseppe Grassi, Italian politician (b. 1883) * August 26 ** Giuseppe De Luca, Italian baritone (b. 1876) ** Ransom E. Olds, American automotive pioneer (b. 1864) * August 27 – Cesare Pavese, Italian poet, novelist (b. 1908) * August 31 -- Pere Tarrés i Claret, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1905)


September

* September 4 ** Max Davidson, German actor (b. 1875) ** Pieter Franciscus Dierckx, Belgian painter (b. 1871) * September 6 – Olaf Stapledon, British author, philosopher (b. 1886) * September 10 – Raymond Sommer, American race car driver (b. 1906) * September 11 ** Rudolph Palm, Curaçao-born composer (b. 1880) ** Jan Smuts, 2nd Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1870) * September 13 – Sara Allgood, Irish actress (b. 1880) * September 15 ** Maraimalai Adigal, Indian orator, writer (b. 1876) ** Baldomero López, American hero of Korean War (b. 1925) * September 16 ** Frederick Bennett (bishop), Frederick Bennett, New Zealand Anglican bishop and reverend (b. 1871) ** Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (b. 1881) * September 21 – Edward Arthur Milne, British astrophysicist, mathematician (b. 1896) * September 23 ** George Carleton (actor), George Carlton, American actor (b. 1885) ** Kenneth Muir (VC), Kenneth Muir, British soldier, posthumous winner of the Victoria Cross (b.1912) * September 29 – Alfréd Meissner, Czechoslovak politician, Holocaust survivor (b. 1871) * September 30 – Prince Hubertus of Prussia (b. 1909)


October

* October 1 – Mikhail Rodionov, Soviet statesman, Leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1907) * October 2 – John F. Fitzgerald, American politician, Mayor of Boston (b. 1863) * October 5 – Thomas Addis Emmet (bishop), Thomas Addis Emmet, American-born Jamaican Roman Catholic bishop and reverend (b. 1873) * October 9 – Nicolai Hartmann, German philosopher (b. 1882) * October 11 – Pauline Lord, American actress (b. 1890) * October 13 – Ernest Haycox, American writer (b. 1899) * October 14 – António Maria da Silva, Portuguese politician, interim and 3-time Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1872) * October 18 – Giuseppe Borgatti, Italian tenor (b. 1871) * October 19 ** Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892) ** Viktor Strazhev, Soviet bibliographer, translator, poet and literary critic (b. 1879) * October 20 – Henry L. Stimson, United States Secretary of State (b. 1867) * October 23 – Al Jolson, American musician, actor (''The Jazz Singer'') (b. 1886) * October 25 – Yi Kwang-su, Korean writer, activist (b. 1891) * October 26 – Miguel Mariano Gómez, Cuban politician, 7th President of Cuba (b. 1889) * October 29 ** Maurice Costello, American actor (b. 1877) ** King Gustaf V of Sweden (b. 1858) ** Lucien Martin, Canadian violinist, conductor and composer (b. 1908) * October 30 – Raimundo Díaz Pacheco, Puerto Rican activist (b. 1906) * October 31 – Giacomo Gorrini, Italian diplomat (b. 1859)


November

* November 2 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1856) * November 3 – Kuniaki Koiso, Japanese general, 41st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1880) * November 4 ** Grover Cleveland Alexander, American baseball player (Philadelphia Phillies), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1887) ** Francisca Herrera Garrido, Spanish writer (b. 1869) * November 8 – Bernice Herstein, American socialite (b. 1918) * November 9 – Attilio Andreoli, Italian painter (b. 1877) * November 11 ** Alexandros Diomidis, 152nd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1875) ** Lúcio Alberto Pinheiro dos Santos, Portuguese philosopher, teacher (b. 1889) * November 12 ** Hryhorij Lakota, Soviet Eastern Catholic bishop and blessed (b. 1893) ** Julia Marlowe, English-born American stage actress (b. 1865) * November 16 – Bob Smith (doctor), Bob Smith, American doctor, physician and surgeon (b. 1879) * November 17 – Virginia Fábregas, Mexican actress (b. 1871) * November 23 – Abdul Hamid Karami, Lebanese political figure, religious leader and 16th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1890) * November 25 ** Johannes V. Jensen, Danish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1873) ** Gustaf John Ramstedt, Finnish-born Swedish linguist, diplomat (b. 1873) * November 27 – T. Sathasiva Iyer, Ceylon Tamil scholar, Tamil language writer (b. 1882) * November 28 – James Corbitt, British murderer (hanged) (b. 1913) * November 29 ** Walter Beech, American pioneering aviator, aircraft manufacturer (b. 1891) ** Ma Zhanshan, Chinese general (b. 1885) * November 30 – Werner Haase, Hitler's personal physician (b. 1900)


December

* December 2 ** James Fenton (Australian politician), James Fenton, Australian politician (b. 1864) ** Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist (b. 1917) * December 4 – Jesse L. Brown, American aviator in the United States Navy (killed in action) (b. 1926) * December 5 – Sri Aurobindo, Indian guru (b. 1872) * December 11 ** Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, German prince (b. 1863) ** Leslie Comrie, New Zealand astronomer, computing pioneer (b. 1893) ** Juho Heiskanen, Finnish general (b. 1889) * December 12 ** Luigi Biancheri, Italian admiral (b. 1891) ** Peter Fraser (New Zealand politician), Peter Fraser, New Zealand political figure, 24th Prime Minister of New Zealand, leader of World War II (b. 1884) * December 15 – Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian political leader (b. 1875) * December 20 – Enrico Mizzi, Maltese politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1885) * December 22 – Walter Damrosch, German-born American conductor and composer (b. 1862) * December 23 ** Francisco Lomuto, Argentine pianist, composer (b. 1893) ** Walton Walker, American general (b. 1889) * December 25 – Xavier Villaurrutia, Mexican poet, playwright (b. 1903) * December 26 – Liane de Pougy, French vedette and dancer (b. 1869) * December 27 – Max Beckmann, German painter (b. 1884) * December 30 – Mihail Manoilescu, Romanian journalist, engineer, economist, politician and memoirist (b. 1891) * December 31 – Karl Renner, Austrian Social Democrat politician, 4th President of Austria (b. 1870)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Cecil Frank Powell * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeusz Reichstein, Philip Showalter Hench * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Bertrand Russell, Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Ralph Bunche


References

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