The ''Zizhi Tongjian Gangmu'' (資治通鑑綱目, "Outline and Details of the '' Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Government''"), also known as the ''Tongjian Gangmu'' or ''Gangmu'', is an 1172 Chinese history book based on

Sima Guang Sima Guang (17 November 1019 – 11 October 1086), courtesy name Junshi, was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer. He was a high-ranking Song dynasty scholar-official who authored the monumental history book ''Zizhi Tongjian''. Sima was ...

's 1084 book '' Zizhi Tongjian''. The credited author is the neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi, but its compilation was in fact by Zhu's students. In the words of J. W. Haeger, the ''Zizhi Tongjian Gangmu'' "is doubtless the most influential piece of historical writing in the later Imperial age". The book is sometimes described as a condensed version of ''Zizhi Tongjian'', but it's in fact historical criticism containing copious didactic and ideological rhetoric. The book was later translated into

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...

as the ''Tung Giyan G'ang Mu'' () upon the request of the

Kangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1 ...

of the

Qing The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaki ...

. This Manchu version was itself translated into French by the Jesuit missionary

Joseph-Anna-Marie de Moyriac de Mailla Joseph-Anne-Marie de Moyriac de Mailla (also Anna, and de Moyria) () (16 December 1669 – 28 June 1748) was a French Jesuit missionary to China. Biography Mailla was born at Château Maillac on the Isère. After finishing his studies, he ...

. His twelve-volume translation, the ''Histoire générale de la Chine...'', was published posthumously from 1777 to1783.Chinese Literature: Tongjian gangmu 通鑑綱目

References

1170s books 12th-century history books Song dynasty literature Chinese history texts Neo-Confucianism 12th-century Chinese books Zhu Xi {{China-lit-stub

See also

References