Zhengzhou (; ), also spelt Zheng Zhou and alternatively romanized as Chengchow, is the capital and largest city of

Henan Province Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...

in the central part of the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. Located in north-central Henan, it is one of the National Central Cities in China, the centre of Central Plains area, and serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational center of the province. The Zhengzhou metropolitan area (including Zhengzhou and

Kaifeng Kaifeng () is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China. It is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China, having been the capital eight times in history, and is best known for having been the Chinese capital during the No ...

) is the core area of the Central Plains Economic Zone. The city lies on the southern bank of the

Yellow River The Yellow River or Huang He (Chinese: , Mandarin: ''Huáng hé'' ) is the second-longest river in China, after the Yangtze River, and the sixth-longest river system in the world at the estimated length of . Originating in the Bayan Ha ...

. Zhengzhou is a major hub of China's national transportation network, with railways connecting Zhengzhou to Europe and an international airport. Zhengzhou is a and a State-list Famous Historical and Culture City. As of 2020, there are two World Cultural Heritage Sites in Zhengzhou. The

Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZCE; ), established in 1990, is a futures exchange in Zhengzhou, one of the four futures exchanges in China. The ZCE is under the vertical management of China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). Products ZCE sp ...

(ZCE) is China's first futures exchange. Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone is China's first Airport Economy Zone. As of the

2020 Chinese census The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (), also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh national census conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Census wo ...

, the

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of China ...

of Zhengzhou had a population of 12,600,574 inhabitants, whom 10,260,667 lived in its built-up (or metro) area made of 6 urban districts plus Zhongmu county, Xinzheng and Xingyang cities now largely being conurbated. The city had a total GDP of 1.014 trillion (RMB) in 2018. Greater Zhengzhou was named as one of the 13 emerging mega-cities in China in a July 2012 report by the

Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, ...

, and officially named as the eighth National Central City in 2017 by the central government in Beijing. Zhengzhou is a major city for scientific research, appearing among the world's top 100

cities A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

as tracked by the

Nature Index The Nature Index is a database that tracks institutions and countries and their scientific output since its introduction in November, 2014. Each year, Nature Index ranks the leading institutions (which can be companies, universities, government agen ...

. The city is home to several national key universities in China, notably

Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University (), colloquially known in Chinese as Zhèngdà () and abbreviated as ZZU is a public university located in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. Zhengzhou University is the largest university in China in terms of number of students (a ...

Henan University Henan University () is one of the oldest public and Double First Class Universities in China. It was founded in 1912. In the beginning, its name was the Preparatory School for Further Study in Europe and America. In 1942, its name was changed to ...

, Henan Agricultural University,

Henan University of Chinese Medicine Henan University of Chinese Medicine Chinese: 河南中医药大学 Hénán Zhōngyīyào dàxué) is a public university in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. History One of the earliest of its kind in China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine was ...

, and Henan University of Technology.

History

The

Shang dynasty The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty founded by Tang of Shang (Cheng Tang) that ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and ...

established Aodu () or Bodu () in Zhengzhou. This prehistorical city had become abandoned as ruins long before the

First Emperor Qin Shi Huang (, ; 259–210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of a unified China. Rather than maintain the title of "king" ( ''wáng'') borne by the previous Shang and Zhou rulers, he ruled as the First Emperor ...

of China in BC 260. Since 1950, archaeological finds in a walled city in Eastern Zhengzhou have provided evidence of

settlements in the area around BC 1600. Outside this city, remains of large public buildings and a complex of small settlements have been discovered. The site is generally identified with the Shang capital of Ao and is preserved in the Shang dynasty Ruins monument in Guanchen District. The Shang, who continually moved their capital due to frequent natural disasters, left Ao at around 13th century BC. The site, nevertheless, remained occupied; Zhou (post-1050 BC) tombs have also been discovered. Legend suggests that in the Western Zhou period (1111–771 BC) the site became the fief of a family named ''Guan''. From this derives the name borne by the county (''

xian Xi'an ( , ; ; Chinese: ), frequently spelled as Xian and also known by other names, is the capital of Shaanxi Province. A sub-provincial city on the Guanzhong Plain, the city is the third most populous city in Western China, after Chongqin ...

'') since the late 6th century BC— Guancheng (City of the Guan). The city first became the seat of a prefectural administration in AD 587, when it was named ''Guanzhou''. In 605 it was first called Zhengzhou—a name by which it has been known virtually ever since. The name Zhengzhou came from the Sui dynasty (AD 582), even though it was located in Chenggao, another town. The government moved to the contemporary city during the

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdom ...

. It achieved its greatest importance under the Sui (AD 581–618),

Tang Tang or TANG most often refers to: * Tang dynasty * Tang (drink mix) Tang or TANG may also refer to: Chinese states and dynasties * Jin (Chinese state) (11th century – 376 BC), a state during the Spring and Autumn period, called Tang (唐) b ...

(618–907), and early

Song A song is a musical composition intended to be performed by the human voice. This is often done at distinct and fixed pitches (melodies) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs contain various forms, such as those including the repetit ...

(960–1127) dynasties, when it was the terminus of the New Bian Canal, which joined the

to the northwest. There, at a place called Heyin, a vast granary complex was established to supply the capitals at

Luoyang Luoyang is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang ...

and

Chang'an Chang'an (; ) is the traditional name of Xi'an. The site had been settled since Neolithic times, during which the Yangshao culture was established in Banpo, in the city's suburbs. Furthermore, in the northern vicinity of modern Xi'an, Qin S ...

to the west and the frontier armies to the north. In the Song period, however, the transfer of the capital eastward to

robbed Zhengzhou of much of its importance. In 1903 the

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...

–

Hankou Hankou, alternately romanized as Hankow (), was one of the three towns (the other two were Wuchang and Hanyang) merged to become modern-day Wuhan city, the capital of the Hubei province, China. It stands north of the Han and Yangtze Rivers whe ...

Railway arrived at Zhengzhou, and in 1909 the first stage of the Longhai Railway gave it an east–west link to Kaifeng and Luoyang; it later was extended eastward to the coast at

Lianyungang Lianyungang () is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Jiangsu province, China. It borders Yancheng to its southeast, Huai'an and Suqian to its south, Xuzhou to its southwest, and the province of Shandong to its north. Its name derives f ...

Jiangsu Jiangsu (; ; pinyin: Jiāngsū, alternatively romanized as Kiangsu or Chiangsu) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its ca ...

, and westward to

Xi'an Xi'an ( , ; ; Chinese: ), frequently spelled as Xian and also known by other names, is the capital of Shaanxi Province. A sub-provincial city on the Guanzhong Plain, the city is the third most populous city in Western China, after Chongqi ...

(

Shaanxi Shaanxi (alternatively Shensi, see § Name) is a landlocked province of China. Officially part of Northwest China, it borders the province-level divisions of Shanxi (NE, E), Henan (E), Hubei (SE), Chongqing (S), Sichuan (SW), Gansu (W), N ...

, as well as to western Shaanxi. Zhengzhou thus became a major rail junction and a regional center for cotton, grain,

peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small and ...

s, and other agricultural produce. Early in 1923 a workers' strike began in Zhengzhou and spread along the rail line before it was suppressed; a 14-story double tower in the center of the city commemorates the strike. On June 10, 1938, Chiang Kai-shek's National Revolutionary Army opened up the dikes retaining the Yellow River at Huayuankou between Zhengzhou and Kaifeng, in an effort to stem the tide of invading Japanese; however, the ensuing

1938 Yellow River flood The 1938 Yellow River flood (, literally "Huayuankou embankment breach incident") was a flood created by the Nationalist Government in central China during the early stage of the Second Sino-Japanese War in an attempt to halt the rapid advance o ...

also killed hundreds of thousands of Chinese. Zhengzhou also has a locomotive and

rolling-stock The term rolling stock in the rail transport industry refers to railway vehicles, including both powered and unpowered vehicles: for example, locomotives, freight and passenger cars (or coaches), and non-revenue cars. Passenger vehicles can be ...

repair plant, a tractor-assembly plant, and a thermal generating station. The city's industrial growth has resulted in a large increase in the population, coming predominantly from industrial workers from the north. A water diversion project and pumping station, built in 1972, has provided

irrigation Irrigation (also referred to as watering) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has been devel ...

for the surrounding countryside. The city has an agricultural university. In July 2021, record breaking floods left over a million people displaced and at least 300 people dead.

Geography

Located just north of the province's centre and south of the

, Zhengzhou borders

to the west,

Jiaozuo Jiaozuo ( ; postal: Tsiaotso) is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Henan province, China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the south, Xinxiang to the east, Jiyuan to th ...

to the northwest,

Xinxiang Xinxiang ( ; postal: Sinsiang) is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to its southwest, Kaifeng to its southeast, Hebi and Anyang to its north, Jiaozuo to its west, and the ...

to the northeast,

to the east,

Xuchang Xuchang (; postal: Hsuchang) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province in Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the northwest, Kaifeng to the northeast, Zhoukou to the east, Luohe to the southeast, and Pi ...

to the southeast, and

Pingdingshan Pingdingshan (), also known as Eagle City ( zh, s=鹰城, p=Yīngchéng, t=鷹城), is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province, China. It had 4,904,701 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 1,756,333 lived in the built-up (or metro) a ...

to the southwest. With the land within its administrative borders generally sloping down from west to east, Zhengzhou is situated at the transitional zone between the North China Plain to the east and the Song Mountains and Xionger Mountains to the west, which are part of the greater

Qinling The Qinling () or Qin Mountains, formerly known as the Nanshan ("Southern Mountains"), are a major east–west mountain range in southern Shaanxi Province, China. The mountains mark the divide between the drainage basins of the Yangtze and Yellow ...

range. The city centre is situated to the south of the middle reach of the Yellow River, where its valley broadens into the great plain. Zhengzhou is at the crossing point of the north–south route skirting the

Taihang Mountains The Taihang Mountains () are a Chinese mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi, Henan and Hebei provinces. The range extends over from north to south and has an average elevation of . The principal peak is ...

and the mountains of western Henan. The prefecture spans 34° 16' ~ 34° 58 N latitude and 112° 42' ~ 114° 14' E longitude, covering a total area of , including the metropolitan area, which covers , and the city centre, which occupies . Jialu River in Huiji District, Zhengzhou 2020050501

Jialu River in Huiji District, Zhengzhou 2020050501

A section of the Yellow River passes by the northern edges of the urban area, extending within Zhengzhou prefecture. However,

Jialu River Jialu River ( zh, s=贾鲁河) is a river in Henan, China. It originates in Xinmi, and flows northeast to Zhengzhou. From there, it flows southeast and passes through Weishi, Fugou and Xihua counties, eventually joining the Ying River, the large ...

, a secondary tributary of the

Huai River The Huai River (), formerly romanized as the Hwai, is a major river in China. It is located about midway between the Yellow River and Yangtze, the two longest rivers and largest drainage basins in China, and like them runs from west to ea ...

, is Zhengzhou's main urban river and flood channel. The Jialu enters Zhengzhou from

Xinmi Xinmi (), formerly Mi County (), is a county-level city of Henan Province, South Central China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou. The archaeological Bronze Age site Xinzhai __NOTOC__ Xinzhai () is an ...

to the southwest, and turns to the southeast within the city. Mountains loom over the western counties of

Gongyi Gongyi (), formerly Gong County (), is a county-level city of Henan Province, South Central China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou. It has a population of 790,000 people and an area of . City Gongyi is lo ...

and

Dengfeng Dengfeng (; postal: Tengfeng) is a county-level city of Henan Province, South Central China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou. Dengfeng has an area of and a population of 630,000. It occupies the south ...

while the easternmost county of

Zhongmu Zhongmu County (; postal: Chungmow) is a county of Henan Province, South Central China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan. It has an area of and a population of 680,000. Located in t ...

is a vast, fertile floodplain, with the counties in between being hilly transitions.

Climate

Zhengzhou experiences a monsoon-influenced, four-season humid subtropical climate (

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...

''Cwa''), with cool, dry winters and hot, humid summers. Spring and autumn are dry and somewhat abbreviated transition periods. The city has an annual mean temperature of , with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from in January to in July. The frost-free period lasts on average 220 days. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from on 2 January 1955, 27 December 1971 and 1 February 1990 to on 19 July 1966. Rainfall is primarily produced by the monsoonal low during summer; in winter, when the vast

Siberian High The Siberian High (also Siberian Anticyclone; russian: Азиатский антициклон (''Aziatsky antitsiklon'')) is a massive collection of cold dry air that accumulates in the northeastern part of Eurasia from September until April. It ...

dominates due to radiative cooling from further north, the area receives little precipitation. During the summer season, the city is also often affected by tropical depressions, which bring additional amounts of rain. The annual precipitation is about . With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 45 percent in February and March to 54 percent in May, the city receives 2,182 hours of sunshine per year, which is just under half the possible total.

2021 Flood

On July 20, 2021, "The heaviest hour of rainfall ever reliably recorded in China crashed like a miles-wide waterfall over the city of Zhengzhou on July 20, killing at least 300 people, including 14 who drowned in a subway tunnel." Although an emergency alert was issued the day before the flood, businesses and subways remained open. From 4pm to 5pm on July 21, 7.95 inches of rain fell. A collapsed retaining wall allowed water to pour into subway tunnels. "The Chinese government now appears to be acknowledging missteps by local officials, as well as the possibility that severe weather events will become increasingly common."

Administration and demography

Zhengzhou is divided into 6 urban districts, 5

county-level cities A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a county-level administrative division of the People's Republic of China. County-level ...

and 1

county A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

. These subdivisions are likely to undergo significant changes in the near future due to increasingly rapid urban expansion and urban planning. The municipality is home to 8,626,505 inhabitants (2010 census) and 6,35 million in its built up area made of 6 urban and suburban districts,

Xingyang Xingyang (), is a county-level city of Henan Province, South Central China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou. It is situated 15 kilometers to the west of Zhengzhou city proper. The population of Xingyang i ...

and

Xinzheng Xinzheng () is a county-level city of Henan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou, the provincial capital. The city has a population of 600,000 people and covers an area of , of which is urban. ...

cities and now

county largely being urbanized, making the city one of the main built-up areas of the province.

Main sights

File:二七广场.jpg, Erqi Memorial Tower File:20210220 Henan Museum - main hall 01.jpg, Henan Museum File:Between Heaven and Earth by Christian de Vietri in Zhengzhou China.jpg, ''Between Heaven and Earth'' by Christian de Vietri Zhengzhou was the capital of China during the

. Parts of the Shang-era capital city wall that were built 3,600 years ago still remain in Downtown Zhengzhou (see

Zhengzhou Shang City The Zhengzhou Shang City () is an archaeological site of the Bronze Age Erligang culture in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. Studies give it 4 chronological phases from 1630 to 1400 BC. The excavation of the site is of great importance in understanding ...

). Zhengzhou maintains abundant cultural heritages that reflect its history as well as the culture of Henan Province. Zhengzhou Confucius Temple, initially built during the Eastern Han dynasty 1900 years ago, is one of the oldest Confucian Temples in China. Other important architectural heritage sites in the city center include Town God Temple and Erqi Memorial Tower. The internationally known tourist attraction is the

Shaolin Monastery Shaolin Monastery (少林寺 ''Shàolínsì''), also known as Shaolin Temple, is a renowned monastic institution recognized as the birthplace of Chan Buddhism and the cradle of Shaolin Kung Fu. It is located at the foot of Wuru Peak of the So ...

, which is in

, about southwest of downtown Zhengzhou (1.5 hours by coach). The Shaolin Monastery is not only known as one of China's most important Buddhist shrines, but also as the ancient center of Chinese

Kung-fu Chinese martial arts, often called by the umbrella terms kung fu (; ), kuoshu () or wushu (), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common ...

. Shaolin Monastery and its famed Pagoda Forest were inscribed as a

UNESCO World Heritage Site A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...

in 2010. The Henan Museum is one of China's most important museums. It has a collection of more than 130,000 pieces of cultural relics includes exhibitions from prehistoric times, including

dinosaur Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...

fossils and prehistoric human remains, up through the modern eras. Zhengzhou's most developed and modern area is the

Zhengdong New Area Zhengdong New Area () is a new area of Zhengzhou, Henan province, People's Republic of China. As of 2015, it covers an area of , and is expected to expand to . Zhengdong New Area was considered by foreign media to be a ghost city throughout it ...

, which is in the eastern part of the city. It is home to some of the tallest skyscrapers in Zhengzhou, including the tall

Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza, also named as Millennium Royal Plaza, is a skyscraper in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. It is tall. Construction started in 2007 and was completed in 2012. The building was the tallest skyscraper in Zhengzhou upon its co ...

("Big Corn"), which is one of the most prominent landmarks in Zhengzhou, and the twin towers of

Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza is an office complex in the Zhengdong New Area of Zhengzhou, Henan. The complex consists of two skyscrapers: the south tower and the north tower. Both towers are tall with 63 floors. Completed in late 2016, th ...

(), which are currently the tallest skyscrapers in the city. The tallest structure in Zhengzhou is the 388-meter height

Zhongyuan Tower Zhongyuan Tower, also known as Henan Radio and Television Tower, is located in Zhengzhou, China. It is a multi-functional commercial, artistic and cultural center integrating radio and television broadcasting, tourism, cross-border trade, cultural ...

, located on Hanghai East Road in the south of

. It is used as a television tower, with a revolving restaurant and an observation deck. The tower is among the tallest towers in the world. Zhengzhou Zoo () is located on Huayuan Road (). The newly built Zhengzhou Botanic Garden is at the western edge of Zhengzhou city. Main attractions of Zhengzhou include: 少林寺

Pagoda Forest, Shaolin Temple - September 2011 (6169489040)

Mount Song Mount Song (, "lofty mountain") is an isolated mountain range in north central China's Henan Province, along the southern bank of the Yellow River. It is known in literary and folk tradition as the central mountain of the Five Great Mountains o ...

(

UNESCO Global Geopark UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) are geoparks certified by the UNESCO Global Geoparks Council as meeting all the requirements for belonging to the Global Geoparks Network (GGN). The GGN is both a network of geoparks and the agency of the United Nati ...

) *

and Pagoda Forest (

) * Dengfeng Observatory (

) * Songyue Pagoda (

) * Yellow River Scenic Area * Mausoleums of the Song dynasty * Kang Baiwan's Mansion Kang Baiwan's Mansion 20160925

* the birthplace of

Yellow Emperor The Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch or by his Chinese name Huangdi (), is a deity ('' shen'') in Chinese religion, one of the legendary Chinese sovereigns and culture heroes included among the mytho-historical Three Soverei ...

* Erqi Memorial Tower * Henan Museum *

Economy

Zhengzhou, along with

Chengdu Chengdu (, ; simplified Chinese: 成都; pinyin: ''Chéngdū''; Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ), alternatively romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese pro ...

, Chongqing and

Wuhan Wuhan (, ; ; ) is the capital of Hubei Province in the People's Republic of China. It is the largest city in Hubei and the most populous city in Central China, with a population of over eleven million, the ninth-most populous Chinese city an ...

, are some of the most economically important cities in inland China. Zhengzhou is the economic center of the province and the surrounding areas such as southeastern Shanxi and southwestern Shandong. Due to its strategic location in one of the most populous areas in the world (nearly 100 million people in Henan alone) and in China's railway, road and aviation transport networks, Zhengzhou is increasingly attracting domestic and international investment as well as migrants from other areas, transforming the city into one of the largest economic centers in China. In 2018, total GDP of Zhengzhou was ￥ 1020 billion, ranked 17th in China.

Agriculture

By the end of 2006, Zhengzhou had a total population of over 7 million, of which 2.88 million lived in rural areas. Its main products include

apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, ' ...

paulownia ''Paulownia'' ( ) is a genus of seven to 17 species of hardwood tree (depending on taxonomic authority) in the family Paulowniaceae, the order Lamiales. They are present in much of China, south to northern Laos and Vietnam and are long cultivat ...

tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...

maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The ...

cotton Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor pe ...

, and

wheat Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeologi ...

. In addition, Zhengzhou also produces Yellow River carp, Zhengzhou

watermelon Watermelon (''Citrullus lanatus'') is a flowering plant species of the Cucurbitaceae family and the name of its edible fruit. A scrambling and trailing vine-like plant, it is a highly cultivated fruit worldwide, with more than 1,000 varie ...

s, Xinzheng

jujube Jujube (), sometimes jujuba, known by the scientific name ''Ziziphus jujuba'' and also called red date, Chinese date, and Chinese jujube, is a species in the genus '' Ziziphus'' in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae. Description It is a smal ...

dried

persimmon The persimmon is the edible fruit of a number of species of trees in the genus '' Diospyros''. The most widely cultivated of these is the Oriental persimmon, ''Diospyros kaki'' ''Diospyros'' is in the family Ebenaceae, and a number of non-per ...

s, Guangwu

Pomegranate The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between tall. The pomegranate was originally described throughout the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean re ...

and Zhongmu garlic, all of which are specialties that are rarely found outside the region.

Mining and manufacturing

Zhengzhou and the surrounding area have large reserves of coal and other minerals. Coal mining and electricity generation are traditionally important in the local economy. Zhengzhou has been one of the major industrial cities in The People's Republic of China since 1949. The city's staple industry is

textile Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...

s. Others manufactured items include

tractor A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction. Most commo ...

s, locomotives, cigarettes,

fertilizer A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from ...

processed meat Processed meat is considered to be any meat which has been modified in order to either improve its taste or to extend its shelf life. Methods of meat processing include salting, curing, fermentation, smoking, and/or the addition of chemical pr ...

agricultural machinery Agricultural machinery relates to the mechanical structures and devices used in farming or other agriculture. There are many types of such equipment, from hand tools and power tools to tractors and the countless kinds of farm implements that ...

, and electrical equipment. Some high-tech companies in new material, electronics and biotechnology are also growing rapidly during the recently years, especially in the high-tech industrial park in the northwest of the city. *

Yutong Yutong (officially Zhengzhou Yutong Group Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese manufacturer of commercial vehicles, especially electric buses, headquartered in Zhengzhou, Henan. Yutong also covers areas of construction machinery, real estate, and other inve ...

, China's largest bus producer. * Shaolin Bus, a well-known small-to-medium-sized bus producer. *Zhengzhou Nissan, a subsidiary of Dongfeng Nissan, specializing in the manufacture of SUVs and pickup trucks. In 2010, Nissan opened its second plant in the city. *

Haima Automobile FAW Haima Automobile Co., Ltd., trading as Haima, is a Chinese automotive manufacturing company based in Haikou, Hainan and a subsidiary of FAW Group. Its principal activity is production of passenger cars for other companies. Haima was founded ...

Zhengzhou, an automobile manufacturer specializing in manufacturing

microvan A microvan is a van or minivan which is within the Japanese kei car classification or similar, and is smaller than a mini MPV. In China, these vehicles are nicknamed ''mian bao che'' ("bread-loaf vehicle") because of their shape.

s and light passenger vehicles. *

Zhengzhou Unique Industrial Equipment Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou (; ), also spelt Zheng Zhou and alternatively romanized as Chengchow, is the capital and largest city of Henan Province in the central part of the People's Republic of China. Located in north-central Henan, it is one of the Nationa ...

, a large tractor and agricultural equipment manufacturer. * Foxconn Zhengzhou, located in Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone, is the largest smartphone production site in the world and is also known as "iPhone City". * Mural Painting of a Banquet Scene from the Han Dynasty Tomb of Ta-hu-t'ing

Mural Painting of a Banquet Scene from the Han Dynasty Tomb of Ta-hu-t'ing

Sanquan Food, a frozen food company. With over 20000 employees, Sanquan produced the first frozen dumplings and rice balls in China. *Synear Food Holdings Limited, along with Sanquan Food, is one of the largest producers of frozen food in China. The market share is over 20% in China

Services

The service industries of Zhengzhou include retail, wholesale, hospitality, finance, exhibition, transport and delivery, tourism, and education. With a number of domestic and international institutions having regional offices in the city, Zhengzhou is becoming the financial center in central China.

(ZCE) is one of the only four future exchanges (inc. Shanghai Futures Exchange and

Dalian Commodity Exchange The Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) () is a Chinese futures exchange based in Dalian, Liaoning province, China. It is a non-profit, self-regulating and membership legal entity established on February 28, 1993. Dalian Commodity Exchange trades in ...

and

China Financial Futures Exchange The China Financial Futures Exchange (CFFEX), is a futures exchange established in Shanghai on September 8, 2006—with the approval of the State Council and the authorization of China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). It is a joint ventur ...

) in China and is becoming an important global player specialised in agricultural future exchange. Equipped with newly built facilities such as

Zhengzhou International Conference and Exhibition Center Zhengzhou (; ), also spelt Zheng Zhou and alternatively romanized as Chengchow, is the capital and largest city of Henan Province in the central part of the People's Republic of China. Located in north-central Henan, it is one of the Nationa ...

. Third party logistics (3PL) in Zhengzhou has also been experiencing industrial boom during the past few years. As a transit and tourist center of Henan Province and central China, Zhengzhou is the center of Henan cuisine. * Dennis, a regional retail chain. *

Henan Jianye Henan Songshan Longmen Football Club (), previously known as Henan Jianye Football Club (), is a professional football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team ...

, a large real estate developer, which owns the

China Super League The Chinese Football Association Super League, commonly known as Chinese Super League or CSL, currently known as the China Ping An Chinese Football Association Super League for sponsorship reasons, is the highest tier of professional football in ...

club Henan Jianye F.C.

Economic development zones

The

(), literally Eastern Zhengzhou New Area, similar to Hangzhou Bay New Area in

Ningbo Ningbo (; Ningbonese: ''gnin² poq⁷'' , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), formerly romanized as Ningpo, is a major sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. It comprises 6 urban districts, 2 sate ...

and Hengqin New Area in

Zhuhai Zhuhai (, ; Yale: ''Jyūhói''), also known as Chuhai is a prefecture-level city located on the west bank of Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, on the southeastern edge of Pear ...

, is one of dozens of major economic zones that are currently developing in various regions of China. Established in 2003 by the provincial and municipal governments, it has become the financial center of

Henan province Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...

and one of the most rapidly growing areas of China.

Kisho Kurokawa (April 8, 1934 – October 12, 2007) was a leading Japanese architect and one of the founders of the Metabolist Movement. Biography Born in Kanie, Aichi, Kurokawa studied architecture at Kyoto University, graduating with a bachelor's ...

, a Japanese world-renowned planner and architect, was appointed to design the overall planning scheme for Zhengdong New Area. He brought in advanced ideas including ecological city, co-existing city, metabolic city and ring city ideas. The scheme won the "Prominent Award for City Planning Design" at the first session of Annual Meeting of the World Architects Alliance in 2002. Zhengdong New Area is mainly constituted by the CBD area, the Longhu commercial and residential area, the Longzihu college area, and the Zhengzhou East railway station commercial area.

Industrial zones

* Zhengzhou New & Hi-Tech Industries Development Zone Zhengzhou High & New Technology Industries Development Zone was established in 1988, and approved by the state Council of PRC to be a state development zone on Mar.6,1991. It was appraised to be advanced high tech zone of China respectively in 1993, 1998 and 2002. The Zone currently covers a total area of . An extension plan was approved by Zhengzhou Municipal Government, the various construction work started in 2004. Under the development strategy of “multiple parks in one zone”, the Zone has been making great efforts to promote the development of software, information technologies, new materials, bio-pharmaceutical and photo-machinery-electronic industries. * Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved as state-level development zone on February 13, 2000. The zone has a developed area of Industries encouraged include Electronics Assembly & Manufacturing, Telecommunications Equipment, Trading and Distribution, Biotechnology/Pharmaceuticals, Instruments & Industrial Equipment Production, Medical Equipment and Supplies, Shipping/Warehousing/Logistics and Heavy Industry. * Zhengzhou Export Processing Area Zhengzhou (Henan) Export Processing Zone was established on June 21, 2002 with approval by the state council. Its planned area is . Zone A is located in Zhengzhou National Economic & technological Development Area and began to operate on June 1, 2004. The area of land developed is at present. Zone B is located in Zhengzhou Airport Area and is adjacent to Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport on the north and it covers a planned area of 5 square km with bonded logistics zone, bonded processing zone and supporting industry zone, etc.

Transportation

Zhengzhou is located in the central part of China and is a main national

transport hub A transport hub is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and/or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include railway stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stops, airports and ferry slips. F ...

Public transit

Metro

The

Zhengzhou Metro Zhengzhou Metro () is a rapid transit rail network serving urban and suburban districts of Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan province. It is operated by the state owned Zhengzhou Metro Group. As of June 2022, the network has 7 operational li ...

is a rapid transit metro rail network serving urban and suburban districts of Great Zhengzhou metropolitan. The

system started operation on 28 December 2013. It currently has 5 lines in operation, creating a long network. The first two lines ( Line 1 and Line 2) were approved by the

National Development and Reform Commission The National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China (NDRC), formerly State Planning Commission and State Development Planning Commission, is a macroeconomic management agency under the State Council, which has b ...

in Feb. 2009. Construction of the two lines started in 2009 and 2010, and were finished in 2013 and 2015 respectively. The

Chengjiao Line Chengjiao line of the Zhengzhou Metro (), planned to be part of Line 9 in the future, is a rapid transit Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), also known as heavy rail or metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally ...

(planned to be part of Line 9), which is now in through operations with Line 2, allows the system to serve the

Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport is the principal airport serving Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province, China. The airport is located in Xinzheng, southeast of downtown Zhengzhou. It was opened on 28 August 1997, replacing its p ...

. A total of 21 metro lines have been planned to connect all areas in Great Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area.

Bus

Zhengzhou has a bus system with over 5,700 bus vehicles, operated by the

Zhengzhou Bus Communication Corporation Zhengzhou (; ), also spelt Zheng Zhou and alternatively romanized as Chengchow, is the capital and largest city of Henan Province in the central part of the People's Republic of China. Located in north-central Henan, it is one of the Nationa ...

(ZZB). The operations of Zhengzhou Bus Rapid Transit commenced in 2009. The system consists of 5 main routes ( B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6) with dedicated bus lanes and dozens of branch routes that serve most areas of the city.

Railways

Zhengzhou is the junction of the Longhai Railway (

– Lanzhou, Gansu) and the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway as well as a major national

railway Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...

hub. The main railway station for these conventional services is Zhengzhou railway station, opened in 1904. Zhengzhou is also on the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway and the

Xuzhou–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway The Eurasia Continental Bridge corridor () is a high-speed rail corridor connecting Lianyungang, a port in northern Jiangsu province, to Ürümqi, the regional capital of Xinjiang. The corridor passes through the cities of Xuzhou (Jiangsu), Zhen ...

. The high-speed rail network provides fast train services to most major cities in China, including

(2.5 hours),

Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...

(6 hours),

(2 hours),

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowin ...

(4 hours),

Nanjing Nanjing (; , Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternately romanized as Nanking, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. It is a sub-provincial city, a megacity, and the second largest city in the East China region. T ...

(3 hours),

Hangzhou Hangzhou ( or , ; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), also romanized as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang, China. It is located in the northwestern part of the province, sitting at the head of Hangzhou Bay, whic ...

(5 hours), and

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta i ...

(6.5 hours). Proposed high-speed railways from Zhengzhou to Chongqing, Hefei, Jinan and Taiyuan are under construction. The completion of the Zhengzhou–Jinan high-speed railway, planned for 2023, will complete a star-shaped (referred to as a "米"-shaped) network of eight high-speed lines radiating out from the city. Zhengzhou is also the hub of intercity railways in Henan. Currently there are three intercity railways from Zhengzhou:

Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway, abbreviated as the Zhengkai intercity railway, is a higher-speed intercity railway in Henan, China, connecting Zhengzhou and Kaifeng. It is part of the larger Central Plain Metropolitan Intercity Rail netwo ...

, Zhengzhou–Jiaozuo intercity railway and

Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway () is a regional higher-speed railway in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. The railway provides Zhengzhou city center fast train connections with Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport. It is a component ...

are in operation. Zhengzhou East railway station is dedicated to high-speed trains and is one of the largest in Asia and Zhengzhou South railway station is a new high-speed railway hub under construction. , over long and over wide, has been described as Asia's largest

classification yard A classification yard (American and Canadian English (Canadian National Railway use)), marshalling yard ( British, Hong Kong, Indian, Australian, and Canadian English (Canadian Pacific Railway use)) or shunting yard (Central Europe) is a railway ...

Roads and Expressways

The surrounding area of Zhengzhou, along with the

Yangtze River Delta The Yangtze Delta or Yangtze River Delta (YRD, or simply ) is a triangle-shaped megalopolis generally comprising the Wu Chinese-speaking areas of Shanghai, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang. The area lies in the heart of the Jiangnan reg ...

, Pearl River Delta and the

Bohai Economic Rim The Bohai Economic Rim (BER) or Bohai Bay Economic Rim (BBER) is the economic region surrounding Tianjin (Tientsin). It also includes areas in Hebei, Liaoning and Shandong surrounding the Bohai Sea. This region has undergone major economic and in ...

, has the highest highway density nationwide. Zhengzhou is the center of Henan expressway network that provides 1–2 hours road trip to surrounding cities of

and

. Other major cities within the province can be reached in 3 hours. The expressway network and

national highways National Highways, formerly the Highways Agency and later Highways England, is a government-owned company charged with operating, maintaining and improving motorways and major A roads in England. It also sets highways standards used by all f ...

also links Zhengzhou to all major cities in the country. There are several limited access express roads in the city center to relieve traffic problems. However, heavy congestion is still common in rush hours.

Expressways

G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway The Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway (), designated as G4 and commonly referred to as the Jinggang'ao Expressway () is a -long expressway that connects the Chinese cities of Beijing and Shenzhen, in Guangdong province, at the border wit ...

G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway The Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway (), designated as G30 and commonly referred to as the Lianhuo Expressway (), is

G3001 Zhengzhou Ring Expressway * Henan Expwy S1 sign no name

S1 Zhengzhou Airport Expressway * Henan Expwy S32 sign no name

S32 Yongcheng–Dengfeng Expressway * Henan Expwy S49 sign no name

S49 Linzhou–Ruzhou Expressway * Henan Expwy S60 sign no name

S60 Shangqiu–Dengfeng Expressway * Henan Expwy S82 sign no name

S82 Zhengzhou–Minquan Expressway * Henan Expwy S85 sign no name

S85 Zhengzhou–Shaolinsi Expressway * Henan Expwy S87 sign no name

S87 Zhengzhou–Yuntaishan Expressway * Henan Expwy S88 sign no name

S88 Zhengzhou–Xixia Expressway * Henan Expwy S89 sign no name

S89 Zhengzhou Airport–Xihua Expressway

National highways

China National Highway 107 China's National Highway 107 runs from Beijing to Hong Kong SAR via Wuhan. It runs to approximately 2,698 km, and, on a map, runs broadly on a straight line from Beijing to Shenzhen. In 2013, under a new 2013-2030 plan by the National Devel ...

China National Highway 220 China National Highway 220 (G220) runs from Binzhou, Shandong to Zhengzhou, Henan. It is 585 kilometres in length and runs southwest from Binzhou towards Zhengzhou. Route and distance See also * China National Highways External linksOfficial w ...

China National Highway 310 China National Highway 310 (G310) runs northwest from Lianyungang, Jiangsu towards Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi provinces, and ends in Tianshui, Gansu. It was originally 1613 kilometres in length, but was later extended westward to Gonghe County in Qing ...

Urban express roads

3rd Ring Road (Zhengzhou) The 3rd Ring Road () is a controlled access urban express road in Zhengzhou, Henan Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zh ...

* 4th Ring Road (Zhengzhou) * Jingguang Expressway * Longhai Expressway * Nongye Expressway *

Zhongzhou Avenue The Zhongzhou Avenue () is a long road in Zhengzhou, Henan Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which litera ...

Air

Zhengzhou is primarily served by

( IATA: CGO, ICAO: ZHCC), which is southeast of the city center. The airport is a focus city of

China Southern Airlines China Southern Airlines Company Limited is an airline headquartered in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province and is the largest airline in China. Established on 1 July 1988 following the restructuring of the CAAC Airlines that acqu ...

Lucky Air Lucky Air () is a low cost carrier based in Kunming, Yunnan, China. The airline started with flights connecting Kunming with Dali and Xishuangbanna, and later expanded to other domestic and international destinations. Its main base is Kunm ...

, West Air and

Shenzhen Airlines Shenzhen Airlines () is an airline headquartered in Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong. It has been a member of Star Alliance since 2012, and is currently one of two Chinese airlines that is part of ...

. It used to be the headquarter for

Henan Airlines Henan Airlines (, formerly Kunpeng Airlines (), was a charter airline based in northern China. The airline was founded as a joint venture between Shenzhen Airlines and Mesa Air Group and was also the largest sino-foreign regional airline in Chin ...

. In 2017, it was the busiest airport in

central China Central China () is a geographical and a loosely defined cultural region that includes the provinces of Henan, Hubei and Hunan. Jiangxi is sometimes also regarded to be part of this region. Central China is now officially part of South Centra ...

in both passenger and cargo traffic. It is also one of the eight air hubs nominated by the

Civil Aviation Administration of China The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC; ) is the Chinese civil aviation authority under the Ministry of Transport. It oversees civil aviation and investigates aviation accidents and incidents. As the aviation authority responsible f ...

. Other airports in Zhengzhou include Shangjie Airport ( IATA: HSJ) which is for general aviation, and Matougang Airbase which is for military use.

Colleges and universities

Songshan Hall of Zhengzhou Normal University 20190315

Public

(Longzi Lake campus) * Henan Agricultural University * Henan University of Technology (former Zhengzhou Institute of Technology) *

Henan University of Finance and Economics Henan University of Economics and Law (河南财经政法大学), is a university located in Zhengzhou. Henan Province, China. It consists of the Henan University of Finance and Economics and the Henan Institute of Political Science and Law. I ...

Zhongyuan Institute of Technology Zhongyuan University of Technology (Simplified Chinese: 中原工学院 Zhōngyuán gōng xuéyuàn), formerly Zhengzhou Textile Institute (郑州纺织学院 Zhèngzhōu fǎngzhī xuéyuàn), is a public university in Zhengzhou, Henan province, ...

Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou University of Light Industry () is a public university located in Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous ...

Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics (), formerly known as Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management, is a public university located in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. History Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management's pred ...

North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power The North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (NCWU; ) is a public university in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. The university is founded in 1951 and now co-funded by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Henan Provincial Peop ...

Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Henan University of Chinese Medicine Chinese: 河南中医药大学 Hénán Zhōngyīyào dàxué) is a public university in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. History One of the earliest of its kind in China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine was ...

* Henan Textile University () * Zhengzhou Normal University * Zhengzhou Institute of Technology (former Zhongzhou University, not to be confused with Henan University of Technology) *

Henan Institute of architecture technology Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...

(河南建筑职业技术学院)

Military

PLA Information Engineering University The People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University (IEU; ) is a Chinese military university in Zhengzhou, Henan, affiliated with the People's Liberation Army. It was established in 1999. Before that, it was ...

( 中国人民解放军信息工程大学) *

Air Defense Force Command Academy The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for ...

Private

* Zhengzhou College of Economics * Huanghe S&T University（ZiJin Mountain Street Campus）（黄河科技大学）(紫金山南校区) *

Sias International University Sias University (Sias, ), transliterated Zhengzhou Sias College, and formerly known as Sias International University (), is a privately owned, for-profit post-secondary school in Central China. Formerly affiliated with Zhengzhou University, it is ...

Shengda Economics, Trade and Management College of Zhengzhou ZhengZhou Shengda University Of Economics, Business & Management () is a private college located just outside Zhengzhou, Henan, China. The current campus is also called "ZhengZhou Shengda University Of Economics, Business & Management", and i ...

Notable people

* Zichan (; ? – 552 BC), a politician and philosopher of the State of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn period. *

Lie Yukou Lie Yukou (; ) is considered the author of the Daoist book '' Liezi'', which uses his honorific name Liezi (). Name The second Chinese character in Yukou is written ''kou'' "bandit; enemy"; the first is written ''yu'' "imprison", ''yu'' " ...

(; c. 450 BC – ?), known as Liezi, a

Taoism Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the '' Ta ...

philosopher. *

Shen Buhai Shen Buhai (; c. 400c. 337) was a Chinese essayist, philosopher, and politician. He served as Chancellor of the Han state under Marquis Zhao of Han for fifteen years, from 354 BC to 337 BC. A contemporary of syncretist Shi Jiao and Legalist Sh ...

(; c. 400 BC – c. 337 BC), a politician and philosopher in Legalism. *

Han Fei Han Fei (233), also known as Han Feizi or Han Fei Zi, was a Chinese philosopher or statesman of the "Legalist" (Fajia) school during the Warring States period, and a prince of the state of Han. Han Fei is often considered to be the greatest r ...

(; c. 280 BC – 233 BC), also known as Han Feizi, an influential political philosopher of the

Warring States Period The Warring States period () was an era in ancient Chinese history characterized by warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation. It followed the Spring and Autumn period and concluded with the Qin wars of conquest ...

. * Du Fu (; 712–770), a Tang dynasty poet, born in

, now a county under the administration of Zhengzhou. *

Bai Juyi Bai Juyi (also Bo Juyi or Po Chü-i; ; 772–846), courtesy name Letian (樂天), was a renowned Chinese poet and Tang dynasty government official. Many of his poems concern his career or observations made about everyday life, including as g ...

(; 772–846), a

poet widely known for his poems featuring realism, born in

. *

Li Shangyin Li Shangyin (, 813858), courtesy name Yishan (), was a Chinese poet and politician of the late Tang dynasty, born in the Henei Commandery (now Qinyang, Henan). He is noted for the imagist quality of his poems and his "no title" () style of poe ...

(; c. 813–858), a late

poet, born in

. *

Gao Gong Gao Gong (; 19 January 1513 – 4 August 1578) courtesy name Suqing (), art name Zhongxuan (), was a Chinese politician of the Ming dynasty. Gao was born in Xinzheng, Henan. He became jinshi in 1541, then held a post at Hanlin Academy. Since 1 ...

(; 1512–1578), a politician of the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han peo ...

, born in

. * Wei Wei (; 1920–2008), a modern era writer, widely known in China for his works on the Chinese Volunteer army's participation of

the Korean War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Korean War , partof = the Cold War and the Korean conflict , image = Korean War Montage 2.png , image_size = 300px , caption = Clockwise from top:{ ...

. *

Chang Xiangyu Chang Xiangyu () was a Chinese opera actress who performed renditions of the story of Hua Mulan across China in support of the Korean War and who appeared in a 1956 screen adaption. Biography Chang was born in 1923 into a poor farming family in ...

(; 1923–2004), a

Yu opera Yu opera (), or Yuju opera, sometimes known as Henan bangzi"Bangzi" meaning wooden clappers with bars of unequal length (), is one of China's famous national opera forms, alongside Peking opera, Yue opera, Huangmei opera and Pingju. Henan province ...

actress. *

Li Na Li Na (born 26 February 1982) is a Chinese former professional tennis player. She achieved a career-high WTA ranking of world No. 2 on 17 February 2014. Over the course of her career, Li won nine WTA Tour singles titles including two Grand ...

(; born 1963), a Chinese folk singer. * Li Jianying (; 1964–2006), hero pilot. * Shi Yigong (; born 1967), a biophysicist, president of Westlake University and the former vice president of

Tsinghua University Tsinghua University (; abbr. THU) is a national public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education. The university is a member of the C9 League, Double First Class University Plan, Projec ...

. * Hai Xia (; born 1972), a Chinese news anchor for China Central Television, the main state announcer of China. *

Deng Yaping Deng Yaping (; born February 6, 1973) is a Chinese table tennis player, who won eighteen world championships including four Olympic championships between 1989 and 1997. She is regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the sport. ...

(; born 1973), a four-time

table tennis Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball, also known as the ping-pong ball, back and forth across a table using small solid rackets. It takes place on a hard table div ...

Olympic champion. * Liu Yang (; born 1978), a pilot and astronaut who became the first Chinese woman in space. *

Tie Ya Na Tie Ya Na or Tie Yana (; born 13 May 1979) is a table tennis player from Hong Kong, China who won two silver medals at the 2006 Asian Games in the singles and doubles competitions. Tie played for China in the Universiade before emigrating to ...

(; born 1979), a table tennis player representing Hong Kong, born in Zhengzhou. * Sun Tiantian (; born 1981), a former professional tennis player on

WTA Tour The WTA Tour is a worldwide top-tier tennis tour for women organized by the Women's Tennis Association. The second-tier tour is the WTA 125K series, and third-tier is the ITF Women's Circuit. The men's equivalent is the ATP Tour. WTA Tour tou ...

and 2004 Olympic Tennis champion (women's doubles with Li Ting), the first Chinese player to win a mixed doubles Grand Slam title at the

2008 Australian Open The 2008 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 96th edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 14 thr ...

with

Nenad Zimonjić Nenad Zimonjić ( sr-Cyrl, Ненад Зимоњић, ; born 4 June 1976) is a Serbian former professional tennis player who was ranked world No. 1 in doubles. He is an eight-time Grand Slam champion, having won the 2008 and 2009 Wimbledon Cha ...

. * Du Wei (; born 1982), a professional footballer and the former captain of China national football team. *

Jiang Xin Jiang Xin (; born 8 May 1983), also known by her English name Rulu Jiang, is a Chinese actress. Life and career Jiang Xin entered Zhengzhou City's Children Arts Group at the age of 7 and Henan Children Arts Group at the age of 8. At the age of 9 ...

(; born 1983), an actress, famous for her role as

Consort Hua Consort Hua (; died 3 August 1804), of the Han Chinese Hougiya clan belonging to the Bordered Yellow Banner, was a consort of Jiaqing Emperor. Life Family background Consort Hua was a booi of Han Chinese Hougiya clan belonging to the B ...

in the TV series Empresses in the Palace. *

Gao Lin Gao Lin (; born 14 February 1986) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Chinese Super League club Shenzhen. He is the all-time top goalscorer for Guangzhou Evergrande – his previous club – with 113 goals, and ha ...

(; born 1986), a professional footballer. * Shi Xiaolong (; born 1988), an actor. *

Ning Zetao Ning Zetao ( or ''Níng Zétāo''; or ; born 6 March 1993) is a Chinese former competitive swimming (sport), swimmer. Specializing in the freestyle swimming, freestyle, he won a gold medal in the Swimming at the 2015 World Aquatics Championsh ...

(; born 1993), a competitive swimmer and gold medal winner at 2014 Asian Games and

2015 World Aquatics Championships The 16th FINA World Championships (russian: Чемпионат мира по водным видам спорта 2015), also Aquatics 2015, were held in Kazan, Russia from 24 July to 9 August 2015. Russia hosted this event for the first time. T ...

. * Fan Pengfei (; born 1992), a Chinese

singer Singing is the act of creating musical sounds with the voice. A person who sings is called a singer, artist or vocalist (in jazz and/or popular music). Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or withou ...

songwriter A songwriter is a musician who professionally composes musical compositions or writes lyrics for songs, or both. The writer of the music for a song can be called a composer, although this term tends to be used mainly in the classical music ...

and musician in pop music.

Politics

The current mayor is Wu Tianjun from February 2006. 毛主席塑像 - panoramio

List of the

CPC Party Chief A Party Committee Secretary () is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organization in a province, city, village, or other administrative unit. In most cases, it is the ''de facto'' highest political office of its area of jurisdictio ...

s of Zhengzhou: # Gu Jingsheng (): October 1948 – December 1948 # Wu Defeng (): December 1948 – June 1949 # Zhao Wucheng (): June 1949 – April 1953 # Song Zhihe (): April 1953 – August 1956 # Wang Lizhi (): August 1956 – January 1968 # Wang Hui (): March 1971 – January 1974 # Zhang Junqing (): January 1974 – December 1977 # Yu Yichuan (): December 1977 – December 1979 # Li Baoguang (): December 1979 – May 1983 # Jiang Jinfei (): May 1983 – September 1984 # Yao Minxue (): September 1984 – August 1987 # Cao Lei (): August 1987 – July 1990 # Song Guochen (): July 1990 – May 1992 #

Zhang Deguang Zhang Deguang (Simplified Chinese: 张德广; born 10 February 1941) was Executive Secretary of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation from 2004 to 2006. Biography Born in Jining, homeland of Chinese philosophers Confucius and Men Ji, in Shandon ...

(): May 1992 – December 1995 # Wang Youjie (): December 1995 – June 2001 #

Li Ke Li Ke ( ; 619 – 10 March 653), posthumously known as the Prince of Yùlín (鬱林王), often known by his greater title as the Prince of Wú (吳王), was an imperial prince of the Tang Dynasty. As a highly honored son of Emperor Taizong, he ...

(): June 2001–

Sister cities

Zhengzhou is twinned with:

Notes

References

External links

Zhengzhou Government website
{{Authority control Provincial capitals in China Prefecture-level divisions of Henan