Zehut

Zehut () was a right-libertarian and nationalist political party in Israel founded in 2015 by Moshe Feiglin. Its platform was centered around promoting individual liberty, including economic freedom, and annexing the West Bank. The party also advocated for legalization of cannabis.

History

Manhigut Yehudit

The roots of Zehut lie in the Manhigut Yehudit (''Jewish Leadership'') movement within the Likud party, established in 1995 by Moshe Feiglin in order to attain the country's leadership through it, eventually receiving 23% of the votes in the 2012 Likud leadership election. In the 2013 elections, Feiglin was elected to the 19th Knesset, and served as its Deputy Speaker.

After Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu took active steps to block Feiglin's advancement in the party, he reached the conclusion that it would be impossible to affect any political changes while acting within the Likud. In 2015, he left it to form the Zehut party, which was officially registered later that year.

Rallies

Zehut's first conference, held in 2017 at Hangar 11 in Tel Aviv Port, had over 2,000 attendees.

Idan Mor, a prominent stand-up comedian and cannabis legalization activist known by his pseudonym "Gadi Wilcherski", joined the party in December 2018, and has appeared in most of its rallies since.

Polls

Prior to 2019, Zehut had never been listed in a poll by media outlets, but internal polling in April 2017 showed that the party could win up to 12 Knesset seats if voters were confident that it would pass the 3.25% threshold. Many pollsters kept excluding Zehut as a pre-written selectable option as late as 11 March 2019. Since then, every poll conducted by various organizations have showed that Zehut would pass the threshold, receiving 4–8 seats.

In July 2018, Zehut announced it would be holding Israel's first open primaries. They were held on 29 January 2019 at voting booths as well as online. About 12,000 people voted in these primaries, which determined the order of the candidates who won in the party's internal primaries in September 2017. One out of every 10 candidates is represented by Zehut International, the party's Jewish diaspora branch.

In late March 2019, a major poll conducted by the National Union of Students found that Zehut was the 2nd-most popular party (after Blue and White) among Israeli college and university students.

April 2019 campaign

During the campaign for the April 2019 election, Feiglin stated that he did not have a preference between Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his main election rival Benny Gantz.

Zehut made cannabis legalization a condition for joining any government after the April elections, and would pursue the finance and education ministries. Feiglin also stated that the party will not join a government that is willing to sell out the Land of Israel.

September 2019 campaign

After narrowly missing the Knesset threshold in the April 2019 election, Feiglin announced on 30 May that Zehut will run in the September snap election. He expressed openness to run as part of an alliance on the right, and urged "all political figures who see themselves as part of the freedom camp" to join it. Feiglin and New Right leader Naftali Bennett discussed a potential electoral alliance (whose leader Feiglin preferred be elected in open primaries) in a meeting that was described as "long and positive".

Feiglin also said that while Zehut's platform and principles had not changed, it would make a number of strategic changes, including clearly emphasizing that it is a right-wing party, and no longer make cannabis legalization a condition for joining any government coalition.

Upon taking the leadership of the New Right and merging with the Union of Right-Wing Parties to form Yamina, Ayelet Shaked expressed openness towards bringing Zehut and Otzma Yehudit into the alliance.
Zehut also engaged in direct talks with Otzma Yehudit for a joint list, with backing from Netanyahu after Likud internal polling showed that the two parties together would pass the electoral threshold. Ultimately, however, Feiglin announced that Zehut would be running alone, accusing Shaked of ignoring overtures by his party.

Netanyahu later sent messengers to urge Zehut to drop out of the election, offering to help pay the party’s debts and merge the party into the Likud. However, Feiglin initially declined the offer, claiming that his voter base would support Benny Gantz, Avigdor Lieberman or stay home if that took place. Netanyahu subsequently met with Feiglin to offer him a senior position in the Ministry of Finance, the adoption of some of Zehut's economic policies, and ease access to medical cannabis providing he drop his election bid. Feiglin then declared that if he received an agreeable proposal, he would put it to a vote by Zehut supporters.

On 29 August 2019, Feiglin announced an agreement with Netanyahu had been reached and that Zehut would withdraw from the election, pending approval by the Zehut membership. According to the terms of the agreement, the parties would not merge, but Feiglin would serve as a minister in the next government, and the next government would implement some of Zehut's economic and cannabis reforms.

On 1 September, the Zehut membership approved the deal and consequently the party withdrew from the election

The party did not contest the 2020 or 2021 elections.

In July 2021, Feiglin announced that he was rejoining Likud.

Platform

The party platform of Zehut consisted of the following positions:
* Opposition to coercion of all kinds: religious, anti-religious, economic, cultural, or educational; and minimization of state intervention in the life and liberty of private individuals.
* Gradual reduction of the number of government ministries from 29 to 11.
* Legalization of cannabis to be sold by licensed companies, with a consumption age limit of 21 years.
* Lowering taxes by adopting a flat tax rate, equally reducing corporate taxes for all companies, and gradually eliminating tariffs and import quotas.
* Reforming education by introducing a school voucher system on a voluntary basis.
* Reduction of housing prices through land privatization, abolishing planning and building committees, and removing construction freezes in the West Bank.
* Privatization of state-owned hospitals based on contracts with prize and quality conditions.
* Transferring matters of religion and culture from the state to the community.
* Reforming the judicial system by splitting it into one of common/ civil law and one of Halakha (Jewish law) that can only exercise jurisdiction over individuals who have consented thereto.
* Abolishing the Chief Rabbinate's monopoly over personal issues, and reducing its budget to local voluntary taxation only.
* Abolishing marriage registration; marriage will be defined individually by each couple.
* Protection of free speech and media, and abolishing mandatory broadcasting licenses.
* Protection of the right to keep and bear arms, and extending it to all citizens (not only ex-soldiers) without a violent past or certain physical or mental limitations.
* Elimination of police brutality by outlawing the use of force against non-violent civil disobedience, and allowing communities to appoint their own local police chiefs.
* Abolishing the biometric database, as it infringes the right to privacy.
* Applying full Israeli sovereignty to all parts of the Land of Israel.
** In the West Bank: Nullification of the Oslo Accords.
** In the Gaza Strip: Any attack by Hamas against Israel must be responded to by a full re-conquest of Gaza (though unnecessary small incursions must be avoided).
** Terrorists will be offered the option of peaceful withdrawal, and individual non-Jews will be offered three options: financially assisted emigration to a destination of their choice; permanent residency status (equal rights, except for national voting rights) after having declared their loyalty to Israel and been thoroughly vetted; or Israeli citizenship (full equal rights) when doing military or national service.
* Gradual transition of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) from a conscription to a professional volunteer army, drafting citizens only for the most basic training.
* Ending all US aid to Israel along with its conditions, as it damages Israel's economic independence and trade freedom.

April 2019 Knesset candidates

The following order of Knesset candidates was chosen in Israel's first open primaries:
# Moshe Feiglin, Party Chairman and ex-Likud lawmaker
# Rabbi Haim Amsalem, ex-Shas lawmaker and religious freedom activist who joined the party after the primaries were held
# Gilad Alper, senior economist and candidate for Finance Minister
# Dr. Ronit Dror, sociologist and rights activist
# Libby Molad, lawyer, Objectivist, and candidate for Education Minister
# Shai Malka, Party Campaign Manager
# Dr. Refael Minnes, physics lecturer and classical liberal activist
# Albert Levy, businessman, environmental activist, and new olim representative
# Ron Tsafrir, cannabis legalization activist and medical cannabis consumer
# Rabbi Ben Tzion Spitz, Representative of Diaspora Jewry
# Yiska Bina
# Shmuel Sackett, led the Zo Artzeinu movement alongside Moshe Feiglin in 1995
# Shlomo Gordon
# Arcady Mutter
# Rabbi Dudi Spitz

Leaders

Election results

See also

* Libertarianism in the United States
* List of political parties in Israel
* Non-aggression principle

References

{{Israeli political parties

2015 establishments in Israel
Libertarian parties
Political parties established in 2015
Defunct political parties in Israel
Zionist political parties in Israel
Liberal parties in Israel
Likud breakaway groups
Right-wing politics in Israel
Right-wing parties