Zagreb philological school ( sh, Zagrebačka filološka škola) was a 19th-century philological school that operated in

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slop ...

, offering a set of solutions for the issues involved in the standardization of

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = " Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capi ...

n literary language. It was led by

Adolfo Veber Tkalčević Adolfo Veber Tkalčević (11 May 1825 − 6 August 1889) was a Croatian philologist, writer, literary critic, aestheticist and politician. Veber is regarded as one of the most prominent Croatian intellectuals of the 19th century and as the founder ...

. In the 1860s it dominated Croatian cultural life, drawing upon linguistic and ideological conceptions advocated by the members of the Illyrian movement. Solutions proposed by the Zagreb school were a combination of traditional orthographic practices, as well as amalgamation of various artificial and dialectal features that would satisfy the needs of most native speakers. Among these are: * morphonological orthography (e.g. ''sudca'' "of judge", as opposed to ''suca'') *

genitive plural In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can al ...

ending ''-ah'', which earned them a derisive nickname ''ahavci'' ("Ahavians") * old case endings in the dative, locative and instrumental plural (e.g. ''nožim'', ''nožih'', ''noži'') * usage of the letter ''ě'' for the reflexes of

Proto-Slavic Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately from the 2nd millennium B.C. through the 6th ...

yat Yat or jat (Ѣ ѣ; italics: ) is the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet and the Rusyn alphabet. There is also another version of yat, the iotified yat (majuscule: , minuscule: ), which is a Cyrillic character combining ...

sound (e.g. ''rěčnik'') * writing ''er'' for syllabic /r/ (e.g. ''perst'') The most important grammarians of the school were

Vjekoslav Babukić Vjekoslav (Alojzije) Babukić (16 July 1812 – 20 December 1875) was a Croatian revivalist and a linguist. He was born in Požega. He received a degree in law in 1832 in Zagreb. He was a prominent follower of the Illyrian movement, supporting t ...

Antun Mažuranić Antun Mažuranić ( Novi Vinodolski, 13 June 1805 – 18 December 1888, Zagreb) was Croatian writer and linguist, brother of Croatian Ban Ivan Mažuranić and writer Matija Mažuranić. He was an active participant of the Illyrian movement and on ...

and

. On the area of lexicography the Croatized Slovak

Bogoslav Šulek Bogoslav Šulek (born Bohuslav Šulek; April 20, 1816 – November 30, 1895) was a Croatian philologist, historian and lexicographer. He was very influential in creating Croatian terminology in the areas of social and natural sciences, technology a ...

rose to prominence, particularly in the area of purism where he liberally coined neologisms and borrowed replacement from other Slavic languages for non-Slavic

loanwords A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language. This is in contrast to cognates, which are words in two or more languages that are similar because th ...

. The young

Vatroslav Jagić Vatroslav Jagić (; July 6, 1838 – August 5, 1923) was a Croatian scholar of Slavic studies in the second half of the 19th century. Life Jagić was born in Varaždin (then known by its German name of ''Warasdin''), where he attended the el ...

was a firm supporter of Zagreb school's ideas, but eventually abandoned them. The Zagreb philological school was dominant over the rival Rijeka Philological School and

Zadar Philological School Zadar Philological School ( hr, Zadarska filološka škola) was a 19th-century philological school that operated in Zadar, offering a set of solutions for the issues involved in the standardization of Croatian literary language. It was led by Ante ...

, primarily due to competences of its adherents. It was only with the advent of

Croatian Vukovians Croatian Vukovians ( sh, hrvatski vukovci) refers to a group of Croatian linguists that were active at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Their work focused on the standardization of the Croatian variety of Serbo-Croatian l ...

that Zagreb school started to decline.

Notes

References

* {{cite book , title=Pregled povijesti, gramatike i pravopisa hrvatskog jezika , year=2013 , publisher=Croatica , first=Ante , last=Bičanić , author2-first=Anđela , author2-last=Frančić , author3-first=Lana , author3-last=Hudeček , author4-first=Milica , author4-last=Mihaljević , language=Croatian , isbn=978-953-55540-6-6 Croatian language 19th century in Croatia