ZEVS is a facility of the Russian Navy to transmit messages to submerged submarines in deep water using

ELF An elf () is a type of humanoid supernatural being in Germanic mythology and folklore. Elves appear especially in North Germanic mythology. They are subsequently mentioned in Snorri Sturluson's Icelandic Prose Edda. He distinguishes "ligh ...

waves. It is located near

Murmansk Murmansk (Russian: ''Мурманск'' lit. "Norwegian coast"; Finnish: ''Murmansk'', sometimes ''Muurmanski'', previously ''Muurmanni''; Norwegian: ''Norskekysten;'' Northern Sámi: ''Murmánska;'' Kildin Sámi: ''Мурман ланнҍ'') i ...

on the

Kola Peninsula sjd, Куэлнэгк нёа̄ррк , image_name= Kola peninsula.png , image_caption= Kola Peninsula as a part of Murmansk Oblast , image_size= 300px , image_alt= , map_image= Murmansk in Russia.svg , map_caption = Location of Murmansk Oblas ...

. As ZEVS works on 82 hertz, it can be only used for very rudimentary transmissions. Due to its extreme low frequency the techniques used by ZEVS are quite different from those of standard transmitters. The antenna used by ZEVS is a

ground dipole In radio communication, a ground dipole, also referred to as an earth dipole antenna, transmission line antenna, and in technical literature as a horizontal electric dipole (HED), is a huge, specialized type of radio antenna that radiates extre ...

. This is simply an arrangement of two widely separated electrodes, through which the transmission current is fed into the ground. As ZEVS is a location of high strategic importance, nearly no official information of the facility is available. Nearly all of the following information was obtained from satellite imagery, which can be seen on Wikimapia. ZEVS consists of 2 units, situated at and at . They are supplied by Kolenergo with electricity and have there the designation PS-373 (Cyrillic: ПС-373) and PS-393 (Cyrillic: ПС-393). These Kolenergo substations are designed for transmission ratings of 7.478 MVA and 7.446 MVA respectively, so the total transmission power of ZEVS transmitter may be between 10 MW and 14 MW, making it the most powerful transmitter in Europe. From both units a feeder line of the ground dipole runs eastwards, ending at and respectively. The grounding electrodes are wires running in east–west direction, laid just below the surface. They form a characteristic pattern on satellite pictures. The feeder line of the other ground dipole electrode turns from the stations in southwestern direction and then running northward, to finish at 68.7948802 N 33.6278419 E and 68.7948802 N 33.6278419 E. As there are no traces of ground wires buried in low depth visible, rods running deep into the ground may be used there for the grounding.

References

External links

* http://map.kolenergo.ru/ Map from KolEnergo website
ZEVS, THE RUSSIAN 82 Hz ELF TRANSMITTER. A Extrem Low Frequency transmission-system, using the real longwaves
Trond Jacobsen at ALFLAB, Halden in Norway * http://www.radioscanner.ru/forum/topic12739.html * http://www.radioscanner.ru/forum/topic15128.html * http://www.liveinternet.ru/community/3629085/post123817602/ * https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3407767 * Book about scientific usage of ZEVS
Взаимодействие электромагнитных полей контролируемых источников СНЧ диапазона с ионосферой и земной корой
Материалы Всероссийского (с международным участием) научно-практического семинара. В 2 т. / Рос. акад. наук, Отд. наук о Земле, Кольский научный центр, Геологический институт; гл. ред. академик РАН Е.П. Велихов, зам. гл. редактора д.г.-м.н. Ю.Л. Войтеховский. – Апатиты, 2014. – Т. 1. – 206 с. {{in lang, ru Military radio systems Russian Navy Soviet Navy Military electronics of Russia Communications in the Soviet Union

See also

References

External links