''Zygophyllum'' is the type genus of the

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

family

Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera. Plants in the family Zygophyllaceae may be trees, shrubs, or herbs. They are often found in dry habit ...

. The generic name is derived from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

words ζυγόν (''zygon''), meaning "double", and φυλλον (''phyllon''), meaning "

leaf A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, ste ...

". It refers to the leaves, each of which have two leaflets. The genus is distributed in

arid A region is arid when it severely lacks available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life. Regions with arid climates tend to lack vegetation and are called xeric or desertic. Most ar ...

and

semi-arid A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-ar ...

regions of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

, the

Mediterranean Basin In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (; also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and w ...

central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

Molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis suggested that as previously

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

, ''Zygophyllum'' was not

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

, and the genus was split among a number of other genera, including '' Augea'', ''

Fagonia ''Fagonia'' is a genus of wild, flowering plants in the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae, having about 34 species. The latest reorganization of the genus took place in 2021 when systematists Christenhusz & Byng included ''Fagonia spp''.. along with ...

'', ''

Roepera ''Roepera'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae. It is native to southern Africa and Australia. Species The genus ''Roepera'' currently has 60 recognized species: * '' Roepera ammophila'' ( F.Muell.) Beier & Thulin * '' ...

'' and '' Tetraena''.

Species

In accordance with

International Plant Names Index The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) describes itself as "a database of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of seed plants, ferns and lycophytes." Coverage of plant names is best at the rank of species and genus. It inclu ...

, genus ''Zygophyllum'' currently has 117 accepted species: *''Zygophyllum acerosum'' (Boiss.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum aegyptium'' Hosny *''

Zygophyllum album ''Tetraena alba'' (synonym ''Zygophyllum album'') is a species of plant in the family Zygophyllaceae which is found in arid regions of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is a salt tolerant plant and dominates many of the plant communities in w ...

'' L.f. *''Zygophyllum applanatum'' Van Zyl *''Zygophyllum arabicum'' (L.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum atriplicoides'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. *''Zygophyllum augea'' Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum balchaschense'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum betpakdalense'' Golosk. & Semiotr. *''Zygophyllum borissovae'' Beier & Thulin *''Zygophyllum brachypterum'' Kar. & Kir. *''Zygophyllum bruguieri'' (DC.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum bucharicum'' B.Fedtsch. *''Zygophyllum californicum'' (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum charoides'' (Chiov.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum chilense'' (Hook. & Arn.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum chrysopteron'' Retief *''Zygophyllum clavatum'' Schltr. & Diels *''Zygophyllum coccineum'' L. *''Zygophyllum cornutum'' Coss. *''Zygophyllum creticum'' (L.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum cuspidatum'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum cylindrifolium'' Schinz *''Zygophyllum darvasicum'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum decumbens'' Delile *''Zygophyllum densispinum'' (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum densum'' (I.M.Johnst.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum dregeanum'' Sond. *''

Zygophyllum dumosum ''Zygophyllum dumosum'' (syn. ''Tetraena dumosa''), the bushy bean-caper, is a species of flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae, native to Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula, and the Levant. It is a dominant shrub in the highlands of the Negev Des ...

'' Boiss. *''Zygophyllum eichwaldii'' C.A.Mey. *''

Zygophyllum fabago ''Zygophyllum fabago'' is a species of plant known by the common name Syrian bean-caper. It is considered a Noxious weeds, noxious weed of economic importance in much of the western United States. It is native to Asia and East Europe (Russia and ...

'' L. *''Zygophyllum fabagoides'' Popov *''

Zygophyllum fontanesii ''Tetraena fontanesii'', Synonym (taxonomy), synonym ''Zygophyllum fontanesii'', is a species of plant of the family Zygophyllaceae. It is found in Macaronesia and northwest Africa. Description This halophile and xerophile plant can grow up to 5 ...

'' Webb & Berthel. *''Zygophyllum furcatum'' C.A.Mey. *''Zygophyllum gaetulum'' Emb. & Maire *''Zygophyllum geslinii'' Coss. *'' Zygophyllum giessii'' Merxm. & A.Schreib. *''Zygophyllum glutinosum'' (Delile) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum gobicum'' Maxim. *''Zygophyllum gontscharovii'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum gypsophilum'' (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum hadramauticum'' (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum hamiense'' Schweinf. *''Zygophyllum harpago'' (Emb. & Maire) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum heterocladum'' Rech.f. & Patzak *''Zygophyllum iliense'' Popov *''Zygophyllum indicum'' (Burm.f.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum jaxarticum'' Popov *''Zygophyllum kansuense'' Y.X.Liou *''Zygophyllum karatavicum'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum kaschgaricum'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum kegense'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum kopalense'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum laeve'' (Standl.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum lahovarii'' (Volkens & Schweinf.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum latistipulatum'' (Beier & Thulin) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum lehmannianum'' Bunge *''Zygophyllum loczyi'' Kanitz *''Zygophyllum longicapsulare'' Schinz *''Zygophyllum longistipulatum'' Schinz *''Zygophyllum luntii'' (Baker) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum macropodum'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum madagascariense'' (Baill.) Stauffer *''Zygophyllum madecassum'' H.Perrier *''Zygophyllum mahranum'' (Beier) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum mandavillei'' Hadidi *''Zygophyllum mayanum'' (Schltdl.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum melongena'' Bunge *''Zygophyllum microcarpum'' Licht. ex Cham. *''Zygophyllum migiurtinorum'' Chiov. *''Zygophyllum miniatum'' Cham. *''Zygophyllum minutistipulum'' (Engl.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum molle'' (Delile) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum mongolicum'' (Maxim.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum mucronatum'' Maxim. *''Zygophyllum neglectum'' Grubov *''Zygophyllum obliquum'' Popov *''Zygophyllum olivieri'' (DC.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum orientale'' (C.Presl) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum ovigerum'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Bunge *''Zygophyllum oxianum'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum oxycarpum'' Popov *''Zygophyllum pachyacanthum'' (Rydb.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum palmeri'' (Vasey & Rose) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum pamiricum'' Grubov *''Zygophyllum paulayanum'' (J.Wagner & Vierh.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum pinnatum'' Cham. *''Zygophyllum potaninii'' Maxim. *''Zygophyllum prismaticum'' Chiov. *''Zygophyllum prismatocarpum'' Sond. *''Zygophyllum procumbens'' Adamson *''Zygophyllum propinquum'' Decne. *''Zygophyllum pterocarpum'' Bunge *''Zygophyllum pterocaule'' Van Zyl *''

Zygophyllum qatarense ''Tetraena qatarensis'' is a salt-tolerant dwarf shrub that grows in the Arabian Peninsula. It has small compact leaves that store water. The leaflets grow in pairs and the flowers have four or five petals. Description ''Tetraena qatarensis'' ...

'' Hadidi *''Zygophyllum retrofractum'' Thunb. *''Zygophyllum rigidum'' Schinz *''Zygophyllum rosowii'' Bunge *''Zygophyllum scabrum'' (Forssk.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum scoparium'' (Brandegee) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum simplex'' L. *''Zygophyllum sinkiangense'' Y.X.Liou *''Zygophyllum smithii'' Hadidi *''Zygophyllum somalense'' Hadidi *''Zygophyllum spinosissimum'' (Blatt. & Hallb.) Christenh. & Byng *'' Zygophyllum stapffii'' Schinz *''Zygophyllum steropterum'' Schrenk *''Zygophyllum subinerme'' (Boiss.) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum subtrijugum'' C.A.Mey. *''Zygophyllum sulcatum'' Huysst. *''Zygophyllum taldykurganicum'' Boriss. *''Zygophyllum tenue'' R.Glover *''Zygophyllum trialatum'' Blatt. & Hallb. *''Zygophyllum turcomanicum'' Fisch. ex Boiss. *''Zygophyllum villosum'' (D.M.Porter) Christenh. & Byng *''Zygophyllum xanthoxylum'' (Bunge) Maxim. *''Zygophyllum zilloides'' (Humbert) Christenh. & Byng

References

External links

{{Authority control Rosid genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot