Zhmerynka ( uk, Жмеринка ) is a city in
Vinnytsia Oblast
Vinnytsia Oblast ( uk, Ві́нницька о́бласть, translit=Vinnytska oblast; ; also referred to as Vinnychchyna — uk, Ві́нниччина) is an oblast of western and southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsia. ...
(
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
) of central
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
. Serving as the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of the
Zhmerynka Raion
Zhmerynka Raion ( uk, Жмеринський район) is one of the 6 regions of Vinnytsia Oblast, located in southwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Zhmerynka. Population:
On 18 July 2020, as part of the a ...
(
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
), the
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
itself is not a part of the district and is separately incorporated as a
city of oblast significance. Population:
Name
There are many propositions as far as the origin of name of Zhmerynka is concerned. One of the ideas is that it may be derived from the Polish words, describing the handshake.
History
Ancient time
Zhmerynka was established as a city in agreement with the
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
in 1591. Before that moment, the two villages: Big Zhmerynka village and Small Zhmerynka village, were known to exist at the same place in 16th century.
Some time later, Zmerynka was shortly described in a book titled: "Geographic Dictionary of Polish Kingdom and other Slavic places," published in Warsaw in Poland.
World War II period
Zhmerynka was occupied by the
Romanian Army
The Romanian Land Forces ( ro, Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. In recent years, full professionalisation and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Lan ...
during the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
from 17 July 1941 until 20 March 1944 and incorporated into the
Transnistria Governorate
The Transnistria Governorate ( ro, Guvernământul Transnistriei) was a Romanian-administered territory between the Dniester and Southern Bug, conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa and occupied from 19 Aug ...
.
Geography
Location
Zhmerynka is situated in a South-Eastern part of the Vinnytsia region. Zmerynka has an area of 18,2 square kilometers. The average altitude above the sea level is 326m.
Climate
Zhmerynka has the continental European climate.
City governance
The Mayor of Zhmerynka is elected by the people of Zhmerynka during the direct election process.
The City Assembly may approve or reject the urban development decrees, initiated by the local people, social groups and organizations.
Religion
Orthodox religion
The old Orthodox Cathedral was built in 1893, however it was destroyed in 1928.
There is the newly built St. Oleksandr Nevs'ky Orthodox Cathedral, which was made of the red bricks in 2005, in a central part of the city of Zhmerynka.
Catholic religion
There is the St. Oleksiy Catholic Cathedral, which was built in 1910, in Zhmerynka (see the picture in the Gallery).
Jewish religion
Many Jewish people were in Zhmerynka before World War II. However, the Synagogue was destroyed during the World War II. Presently, the Jewish people initiated an effort to collect the financial funds to build a new Synagogue in Zhmerynka.
Economy
Railway industry
The railway company, which is a part of railway transportation industry, is a biggest business and employer in Zhmerynka.
Agriculture industry
There are many companies, which belong to the agricultural industry in Zhmerynka.
Food industry
There is a well developed food processing industry with a number of big, medium and small companies.
Education industry
There are many secondary schools in Zhmerynka, which employ a big number of teachers.
Tourism industry
There is a number of comfortable hotels with a variety of services, which operate in Zhmerynka.
Transportation
Railway transportation
![Zhmerinka Railway station P1540058](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Zhmerinka_Railway_station_P1540058.jpg)
Zhmation hub in Ukraine at present time.
The initial project of the Zmerynka railway transportation hub was made by Carl von Mekk, engineer in 1865.
The building of the Zmerynka big railway station was designed by Zhuravs'ky, architect and it was built in 1899–1904.
Zmerynka railway station was fully renovated in 2012.
Automobile transportation
There is a bus station near the railway station. The distance to
Bar, Ukraine
Bar ( uk, Бар; pl, Bar; russian: Бар) is a town located on the Riv River in the Vinnytsia Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Bar Raion (district), and is part of the historic region of Podolia. The ...
is . The distance to
Vinnytsia
Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.
It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. A ...
is . The distance to
Shargorod
Sharhorod (; , ), also known as Shargorod, is a town located within the Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Sharhorod Raion, one of 33 regions of Vinnytsia Oblast. Population:
History
Early history
Sharhorod was ...
is . The distance to
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
is .
Media
Printing media
Zhmerins'ky Meridian newspaper is published in Zhmerynka. The head office is located at Bohdan Khmelnits'ky Street 19, Zhmerynka 23100, Ukraine.
Electronic media
There is an FM radio-station: "Obriy", which transmits the local news and the music in Zhmerynka at 67.34 MHz.
Internet media
There is a number of Internet resources, which monitor the cultural, business, politics news in Zhmerynka.
Notable people
*
Jan Brzechwa
Jan Brzechwa (), (15 August 1898 – 2 July 1966) was a Polish poet, author and lawyer, known mostly for his contribution to children's literature. He was born Jan Wiktor Lesman to a Polish family of Jewish descent. , Polish poet and writer.
*
Valery Brezdenyuk
Valeriy Brezdenyuk ( uk, Валерій Олександрович Брезденюк; June 17, 1963 – February 18, 2014) was a Ukrainian painter from Zhmerynka, Vinnytska Oblast, practicing paper marbling. He was killed in action during Euro ...
, painter.
*
Denis Forov
Denis Mikolayovich Forov ( hy, Դենիս Ֆորով, born 3 December 1984) is a retired Armenian Greco-Roman wrestler. He was on the Ukrainian national wrestling team as a cadet and the Russian national wrestling team as a junior.
He became a J ...
, retired Armenian Greco-Roman wrestler
*
Izrail Gelman
Azrael (; , 'God has helped'; ) is the angel of death in some Abrahamic religions, namely Islam, Christian popular culture and some traditions of Judaism. He is also referenced in Sikhism.
Relative to similar concepts of such beings, Azrael ...
, Math Teacher, Holocaust Survivor
Gallery
File:Будинок гімназії (Жмеринка).JPG, Zhmerinka Gymnasium
File:Жмеринська міська рада.jpg, Zhmerinka City Council
File:Стоматологія Гавлилюка.jpg, Havryliuk dentistry
File:Храм Святого Миколая (Жмеринка).jpg, Church of St. Nicholas, Zhmerinka
File:Kościół św. Aleksego, Żmerynka P1420326.jpg, St Alexius Cathedral, Zhmerinka
File:(04) WIKIMEDIA ORTHODOX CATHEDRAL TOWN OF ZHMERINKA VINNYTSIA REGION STATE OF UKRAINE PHOTOGRAPH BY VIKTOR O LEDENYOV 25082014.jpg, Orthodox cathedral, Zhmerynka
File:Залізничний вокзал (Жмеринка) 02.JPG, Zhmerinka Railway station, Zhmerynka, 2006
File:Жмеринський залізничний вокзал 1913.jpg, Zhmerinka Railway station, Zhmerynka, 1913
File:Жмеринка. Стара поштівка.jpg, Historic post office building, Zhmerinka
File:Міський парк культури і відпочинку (Жмеринка) (3).jpg, Gorky park, Zhmerinka
Twin towns – brother cities
Zhmerynka is
twinned with:
*
Shaki, Azerbaijan
Shaki ( az, Şəki) is a city in northwestern Azerbaijan, surrounded by the district of the same name. It is located on the southern part of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, from Baku. As of 2020, it has a population of 68,400. The center o ...
*
Skarżysko-Kamienna
Skarżysko-Kamienna is a city in northern Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in south-central Poland by Kamienna river, to the north of Świętokrzyskie Mountains; one of the voivodship's major cities. Prior to 1928, it bore the name of ''Kamienna''; i ...
, Poland
References
External links
Site about ZhmerynkaUnofficial site
{{Authority control
Cities in Vinnytsia Oblast
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine
Articles containing video clips
Railway towns in Ukraine
Vinnitsky Uyezd
Shtetls
Holocaust locations in Ukraine