Zhang Haipeng (,

Hepburn Hepburn may refer to: Surname People with the surname Hepburn (the most famous in recent times being actresses Katharine Hepburn and Audrey Hepburn): * Hepburn (surname) Linguistics * Hepburn romanization, a system for the romanization of Japa ...

: ''Chō Kaihō''; 1867–1949), was a Chinese Northeastern Army general, who went over to the Japanese during the Invasion of Manchuria and became a general in the Manchukuo Imperial Army of the

State of Manchuria Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Manchuria from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic in 1932 after the Japanese in ...

Biography

Zhang was a member of the Honghuzi irregular cavalry forces of the Manchurian warlord Feng Delin during the First Sino-Japanese War. These forces were recruited as mercenaries by the Japanese during the Russo-Japanese War from 1904 to 1905. He subsequently studied at the Northeast Military Academy built by Gen. Zhao Erxun. Following the Xinhai Revolution, he was assigned command of an infantry regiment under the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

; however, he supported Zhang Xun's abortive attempt to restore the Qing dynasty in 1917. He afterwards joined forces with Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. In 1923 he was appointed a commissioner of the Chinese Eastern Railway and participated in the First Zhili–Fengtian War. in early 1931 his forces were involved in the suppression of the Gada Meiren uprising. In early October 1931, shortly after the

Mukden Incident The Mukden Incident, or Manchurian Incident, known in Chinese as the 9.18 Incident (九・一八), was a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria. On September 18, 1931, L ...

Taonan Taonan (), formerly Tao'an County (), is a county-level city of 100,000 in the northwest of Jilin province in Northeast China. It is under the administration of Baicheng prefecture-level city. Administrative Divisions There are 6 subdistricts, ...

in the northwest of Liaobei province, Zhang—who was commander of the 2nd Provincial Defense Brigade—took command of the local forces including the Hsingan Reclamation Army and declared the district independent of China, in return for a shipment of a large quantity of military supplies by the Imperial Japanese Army. Zhang followed up his political move by leading the men of the Hsingan Reclamation Army north to attack Gen. Ma Zhanshan, the newly appointed governor of

Heilungkiang Heilongjiang () formerly romanized as Heilungkiang, is a province in northeast China. The standard one-character abbreviation for the province is (). It was formerly romanized as "Heilungkiang". It is the northernmost and easternmost province ...

province. Soon after Zhang advanced upon Ma's capital at Qiqihar, Ma offered to surrender it. Encouraged by Japanese Kwantung Army Gen.

Shigeru Honjō General Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the early period of the Second Sino-Japanese War. He was considered an ardent follower of Sadao Araki's doctrines. Biography Honjō was born into a farming family in Hyōgo prefect ...

, Zhang advanced cautiously to accept Ma's surrender. However, Zhang's advance guard was attacked by Ma's troops in the

Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge The Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge was a small battle fought between forces of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army against the Imperial Japanese Army and collaborationist forces, after the Mukden Incident The Mukden Incident, or Manchur ...

and it was routed. Following the establishment of the State of Manchukuo in March 1932, Zhang was reappointed to command his old force, which was now renamed the Taoliao Army. He led Manchukouan troops against the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies during the Pacification of Manchukuo and in the Japanese invasion of

Rehe Rehe (), also romanized as Jehol, was a former Chinese special administrative region and province. Administration Rehe was north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. Its capital and largest city was Chengde. The second ...

in Operation Nekka. Afterwards he was appointed to command the newly organized Rehe Guard Army, which became the

5th District Army "Chengde" Fifth is the ordinal form of the number five. Fifth or The Fifth may refer to: * Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as in the expression "pleading the Fifth" * Fifth column, a political term * Fifth disease, a contagious rash tha ...

after the 1934 reorganization of the Manchukuoan Army. From March 1933 to November 1934 he was Governor of Rehe Province. He was promoted to full general in the Manchukuo Army in 1936. In 1941 he went into retirement. After the collapse of Manchukuo in 1945, Chang went into hiding in Tianjin, but was discovered, tried and executed for treason by the People's Republic of China in 1949 in Beijing.

Sources

Boycott, Bloodshed & Puppetry From TIME magazine Oct. 26, 1931
* Jowett, Phillip J., ''Rays of the Rising Sun Vol 1.'', Helion & Co. Ltd. 2004. *{{Cite book, url=http://www.wehoo.net/book/wlwh/a30012/A0170.htm%5B%5D, title=China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations, last=Rugui, first=Guo, publisher=Jiangsu People's Publishing House, year=2005, isbn=7-214-03034-9 1867 births 1949 deaths Republic of China Army generals Chinese people of World War II Chinese people executed for collaboration with Japan People of Manchukuo People from Yingkou Generals from Liaoning Generals of Manchukuo