Zdolbúniv ( uk, Здолбу́нів, russian: Здолбунов, pl, Zdołbunów) is a small

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

in the

Rivne Raion Rivne Raion ( uk, Рівненський район) is a raion in Rivne Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Rivne. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raion ...

Rivne Oblast Rivne Oblast ( uk, Рі́вненська о́бласть, translit=Rivnenska oblast), also referred to as Rivnenshchyna ( uk, Рі́вненщина) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Rivne. The surface area of th ...

(

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...

) of western

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

. Prior to the administrative reform of 2020, it was the

administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...

of the former

Zdolbuniv Raion Zdolbuniv Raion ( uk, Здолбунівський район) was a raion in Rivne Oblast in western Ukraine. Its capital (political), administrative center was the town of Zdolbuniv. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Rivn ...

(

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

), and it has an important

railway station Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...

and cement plant (there is a deposit of chalk). Population:

History

The town was mentioned in 1497 in the deed, in which the

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

n Grand Duke and future King of

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

Alexander Jagiellon Alexander Jagiellon ( pl, Aleksander Jagiellończyk, lt, Aleksandras Jogailaitis; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jag ...

committed several villages to Prince

Konstanty Ostrogski Konstanty Iwanowicz Ostrogski (c. 1460 – 10 August 1530; lt, Konstantinas Ostrogiškis; uk, Костянтин Іванович Острозький, translit=Kostiantyn Ivanovych Ostrozkyi; be, Канстантын Іванавіч Ас� ...

. Among the villages mentioned in the deed was ''Dolbunov''. The town has had its present name of Zdolbuniv since 1629. In 1569, following the

Union of Lublin The Union of Lublin ( pl, Unia lubelska; lt, Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the pe ...

, Zdolbuniv became part of the

Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to: Historical political entities *Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031 *Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exist ...

, where it remained for over 200 years, until the

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...

. In 1793, it was annexed by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

, and in the interbellum period, it again belonged to

. It was a powiat (country) centre in Wołyń Voivodeship during this period. Zdolbunow, as it was then known, was an important rail hub, located near the Polish-Soviet border. The town had a mixed Polish-Ukrainian-Jewish population. In September 1939, following the

Soviet Invasion of Poland The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west. Subse ...

, Zdolbunow was captured by the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

, where it remained until the

Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named after ...

. Its Jewish minority was murdered in the

Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...

, and in late 1943, Zdolbunow became a shelter for ethnic Polish population of Volhynia, escaping the Volhynian Genocide. On February 3, 1944, the town was captured by the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...

. Zdolbuniv is the birthplace of a contemporary Polish painter Stanislaw Fijalkowski (born 1922), and singer Teresa Tutinas (born 1943)

Gallery

File: Zdolbuniv Tserkva Kateryny 03 Tserkovna vul. (YDS 7612).JPG, St.Katherine Church File: Kostel zdolbuniv-0344.jpg, St.Peter & Paul Kostel File:3. Пам'ятник Уласу Самчуку; Здолбунів.JPG, House of culture File:Zdolbuniv Pam'yatnyk Ulasu Samchuku 01 Nezalezhnosti 41 (YDS 7590).JPG, Bust of

Ulas Samchuk Ulas Oleksiiovych Samchuk (; 20 February 1905, Derman – 9 July 1987 Toronto) was a Ukrainian writer, propagandist, publicist, journalist, and a member of the Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile. He was a member of the natio ...

File:Zdolbuniv Try Mogyly Voyiniv UNR (ne UPA) 01 Vyly vul. gromads'ke kladovysche (YDS 7589).JPG, Graves of warriors of Ukrainian People's Republic File: Zdolbuniv Brats'ka Mogyla Voyiniv Pol's'koyi Armiyi 04 Vos'mogo Bereznya vul. gromads'ke kladovysche (YDS 7606).JPG, Memorial and common grave of Polish warriors File:Zdolbuniv Memorial Voyins'koyi Slavy 01 Mis'kiy Park (YDS 7593).JPG, Memorial of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

warriors File:Zdolbuniv Brats'ka Mogyla Voyiniv 01 Vos'mogo Bereznya vul. gromads'ke kladovysche (YDS 7603).JPG, Common grave of

warriors File:Zdolbuniv Pam'yatnyk Prykhod'ku Pryvokzal'na Ploscha (YDS 7611).JPG, Zdolbuniv railway station File:Zdolbuniv.JPG, Zdolbuniv cement factory

References

{{Authority control Cities in Rivne Oblast Volhynian Governorate Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939) Cities of district significance in Ukraine Holocaust locations in Ukraine