The Zamoyski Academy ( pl, Akademia Zamojska; la, Hippaeum Zamoscianum) 1594–1784) was an

academy An academy ( Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy ...

founded in 1594 by

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...

Crown Chancellor

Jan Zamoyski Jan Sariusz Zamoyski ( la, Ioannes Zamoyski de Zamoscie; 19 March 1542 – 3 June 1605) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, and the 1st ''ordynat'' of Zamość. He served as the Royal Secretary from 1565, Deputy Chancellor from 1576, Grand Chance ...

."''Akademia Zamojska''" ("Zamojski Academy"), ''

Encyklopedia Polski This is a list of encyclopedias by language. Albanian Encyclopedias written in Albanian. * '' Albanian Encyclopedic Dictionary'' ( sq, Fjalori Enciklopedik Shqiptar): published by Academy of Sciences of Albania; ** First Edition (1985; ''FESH'') ...

'', p. 13. It was the third institution of higher education to be founded in the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

.Lubelskie życie naukowe
Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Lubelskiego w Lublinie After his death it slowly lost its importance, and in 1784 it was downgraded to a

lyceum The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Generally in that type of school the th ...

. The present-day ''I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Hetmana Jana Zamoyskiego w Zamościu'' is one of several

secondary school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' secondary education, lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) ...

s in

Zamość Zamość (; yi, זאמאשטש, Zamoshtsh; la, Zamoscia) is a historical city in southeastern Poland. It is situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship, about from Lublin, from Warsaw. In 2021, the population of Zamość was 62,021. ...

History

The Zamoyski Academy was designed to educate ''

szlachta The ''szlachta'' (Polish: endonym, Lithuanian: šlėkta) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth who, as a class, had the dominating position in the ...

'' (noble) youth in

Humanist Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential and agency of human beings. It considers human beings the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry. The meaning of the term "humani ...

culture and prepare them for work in the public interest—though, from its early years, most of the students were burghers, not nobles.Małgorzata Kowalewska
ACADEMY OF ZAMOŚĆmirror
, Powszechna Encyklopedia Filozofii, Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu
''

Gazeta Wyborcza ''Gazeta Wyborcza'' (; ''The Electoral Gazette'' in English) is a Polish daily newspaper based in Warsaw, Poland. It is the first Polish daily newspaper after the era of "real socialism" and one of Poland's newspapers of record, covering the g ...

'', Lublin, 2007-12-15. It was founded in 1594 by Crown Chancellor

(a city, also founded by Zamoyski) with the assistance of poet Szymon Szymonowic, ''aka'' Simon Simonides (who would be one of the Academy's lecturers). Renata Brzezińska, ''Polska pełna uroku'', Petit Futé, 2007,
Google Print, p.599
/ref> Its founding was approved in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

Pope Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII ( la, Clemens VIII; it, Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death in March 1605. Born ...

(bull of October 29, 1594), and in Poland by the

Bishop of Chełm The Archdiocese of Lublin ( la, Lublinen(sis)) is an archdiocese located in the city of Lublin in Poland. History * 1375: Established as Diocese of Chełm * 1790: Renamed as Diocese of Chełm and Lublin * September 22, 1805: Renamed as Diocese ...

, Stanisław Gomoliński. The official opening ceremony took place on 15 March 1595. On July 5, 1600, Zamoyski would write, in the Academy's foundation act: "such are countries, as is the education of their youth" (''"takie są rzeczypospolite, jakie ich młodzieży chowanie"''). In 1601 the

King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16t ...

Sigismund III Vasa Sigismund III Vasa ( pl, Zygmunt III Waza, lt, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to ...

, confirmed the act. The Academy was modeled on the Academy of Strassburg. Initially the Academy comprised three departments:

liberal arts Liberal arts education (from Latin "free" and "art or principled practice") is the traditional academic course in Western higher education. ''Liberal arts'' takes the term ''art'' in the sense of a learned skill rather than specifically the ...

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

, and

medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pract ...

, and had seven faculty positions for professors. From 1637 the school had the power to award

doctor of philosophy A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common Academic degree, degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields ...

diplomas. In 1648, a department of

theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

was added. The Academy was the third institution of higher education to be founded in the

(and the first private one), after the

Kraków Academy The Jagiellonian University (Polish: ''Uniwersytet Jagielloński'', UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university in ...

(1364) and

Vilnius University Vilnius University ( lt, Vilniaus universitetas) is a public research university, oldest in the Baltic states and in Northern Europe outside the United Kingdom (or 6th overall following foundations of Oxford, Cambridge, St. Andrews, Glasgow and ...

(1578) Zamoyski's immense wealth allowed him to be the first

magnate The magnate term, from the late Latin ''magnas'', a great man, itself from Latin ''magnus'', "great", means a man from the higher nobility, a man who belongs to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or ot ...

in the Commonwealth to personally sponsor such an institution (

Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John ...

Lubrański Academy The Lubrański Academy ( Polish: ''Akademia Lubrańskiego''; Latin: ''Collegium Lubranscianum'') was a university college that was established in 1518 in Poznań by Bishop Jan Lubrański. It was the first school with university aspirations in Pozna ...

(1519) was a high school with a high level of education, hence it was called customary "academy"). The Academy was an institution midway between a

and an institution of higher learning. It bestowed

doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...

s of philosophy and law. It was known for the high quality of education that it provided, which however did not extend beyond the ideals of "nobles' liberty.""''Akademia Zamojska''," ''Encyklopedia powszechna PWN'', vol. 1, p. 36. The faculty included a number of outstanding Poles such as Szymon Szymonowic, Adam Burski (Bursius),

Tomasz Drezner Tomasz Drezner (1560–1616) was a Polish jurist. The fame of Drezner's 1601 work, ''Processus iudiciarius Regni Poloniae'' (Judicial Procedure in the Kingdom of Poland), saw him admitted to the service of Royal Chancellor Jan Zamojski and allow ...

, Jan Niedźwiecki-Ursinus, Szymon (Simon) Birkowsk and

Stanisław Staszic Stanisław Wawrzyniec Staszic (baptised 6 November 1755 – 20 January 1826) was a leading figure in the Polish Enlightenment: a Catholic priest, philosopher, geologist, writer, poet, translator and statesman. A physiocrat, monist, pan-Slavist ...

, as well as foreigners such as the English lawyer William Bruce, the Italian theologian Dominic Convalis and the Belgian mathematician

Adriaan van Roomen Adriaan van Roomen (29 September 1561 – 4 May 1615), also known as Adrianus Romanus, was a mathematician, professor of medicine and medical astronomer from the Duchy of Brabant in the Habsburg Netherlands who was active throughout Central Europ ...

. The Academy's chancellor was the incumbent

. The students were recruited mainly from the southeastern lands of the

and from adjacent countries. Following an initial period of successful development, which at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries made the Academy one of the leading educational institutions in the

, from the mid-17th century the Academy went into decline. The number of students rose from 70 in 1595 to 1635 to around 120 in the years 1635 to 1646. Its lost its lay character ten years after Zamoyski's death, when in 1615 it was taken over by the bishop of Chełm; the struggle over the control of the school between the bishops and lay officials of the Zamoyski family would continue for many years. It became increasingly difficult for the school to attract renown faculty. The academy was damaged in a fire of 1627, and from the Swedish invasion and wars of late 1640s/early 1650s. Several attempts at reform were undertaken in the following decades, none met with much success. Gradual improvement was interrupted in 1784, after the academy was shut down by the

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

n government (which had taken over that part of

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

in the late-18th-century

partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...

); it was closed and converted into a

(''Liceum Królewskie''—Royal Lyceum). In 1811–66 the Lyceum's old Academy buildings were used as

barracks Barracks are usually a group of long buildings built to house military personnel or laborers. The English word originates from the 17th century via French and Italian from an old Spanish word "barraca" ("soldier's tent"), but today barracks are u ...

for troops of the

Zamość Fortress Zamość Fortress ( pl, Twierdza Zamość) is a set of fortifications constructed together with the city of Zamość (southeastern Poland). It was built between 1579 and 1618, and the construction was initiated by Chancellor and Hetman Jan Zamoys ...

. The present-day ''I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Hetmana Jana Zamoyskiego w Zamościu'' (Heman

General Lyceum in

) traces its history to the Academy and is housed in the original building complex. It is one of several secondary schools in the city.Akademia Zamojska
''I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Hetmana Jana Zamoyskiego w Zamościu''

Notes

References

*''

'' (Encyclopedia of Poland). *''Encyklopedia powszechna PWN'' (PWN Universal Encyclopedia), vol. 1, Warsaw, Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1973.

External links

Encyklopedia WIEM WIEM Encyklopedia (full name in pl, Wielka Interaktywna Encyklopedia Multimedialna - "Great Interactive Multimedia Encyclopedia"; in Polish, ''wiem'' also means 'I know') is a Polish Internet encyclopedia. The first printed edition was released i ...

Akademia Zamojska
Encyklopedia PWN {{DEFAULTSORT:Zamojski Academy Defunct universities and colleges in Poland 1594 establishments in Europe 1784 disestablishments in Europe Universities and colleges in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 16th-century establishments in Poland

History

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links