Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary in Zagreb

, native_name_lang = , image = Zagreb Cathedral 2020.jpg , imagesize = , imagelink = , imagealt = , landscape = , caption =Zagreb Cathedral in 2020, after the earthquake , pushpin map = Croatia , pushpin label position = , pushpin map alt = , pushpin mapsize = , relief = , map caption = , coordinates = , osgraw = , osgridref = , location =

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...

, country =

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

, denomination =

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

, previous denomination = , churchmanship = , membership = , attendance = , website = , former name = , bull date = , founded date = , founder = , dedication = , dedicated date = , consecrated date = , cult = , relics = Sarcophagus of Blessed Aloysius Stepinac, Croatian martyrs

Petar Zrinski Petar IV Zrinski ( hu, Zrínyi Péter) (6 June 1621 – 30 April 1671) was Ban of Croatia (Viceroy) from 1665 to 1670, general and a writer. A member of the Zrinski noble family, he was noted for his role in the attempted Croatian-Hungarian Mag ...

and

Fran Krsto Frankopan Fran Krsto Frankopan ( hu, Frangepán Ferenc Kristóf; 4 March 1643 – 30 April 1671) was a Croatian baroque poet, nobleman and politician. He is remembered primarily for his involvement in the failed Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy. He was a C ...

, whose bones were transferred from Wiener Neu Stadt in 1919 A.D.,

Ivan Antun Zrinski Ivan Antun Zrinski ( en, John Anthony Zrinski, hu, Zrínyi János Antal), (*Ozalj(?), 1654; †Graz, 11 November 1703) was a Croatian count, a member of the Zrinski noble family and its last male descendant. Life By his full name Ivan IV Antun B ...

Eugen Kvaternik Eugen Kvaternik (31 October 1825 – 11 October 1871) was a Croatian nationalist politician and one of the founders of the Party of Rights, alongside Ante Starčević. Kvaternik was the leader of the 1871 Rakovica Revolt which was an attempt ...

etc , events = , past bishop = , people = , status =

Cathedral A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denominatio ...

, functional status = Active , heritage designation =

Register of Cultural Goods of Croatia The Register of Cultural Goods of the Republic of Croatia ( hr, Registar kulturnih dobara Republike Hrvatske) has been established in 1999. The Croatian Ministry of Culture is responsible for the administration of this public register, which has be ...

, designated date = 2013 , architect =

Hermann Bollé Hermann Bollé (18 September 1845 – 17 April 1926) was an Austro-Hungarian architect of Franco-German origin who practiced in Croatia (Zagreb and Slavonia), as well as parts of what is now Vojvodina in northern Serbia. Life He was born in ...

(last reconstruction) , architectural type = , style =

Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...

(original)

Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...

(19th century reconstructions) , years built = Mid-13th century
1880–1906 (reconstruction/additions) , groundbreaking = , completed date = , construction cost = , closed date = , demolished date = , capacity = , length = , width = , width nave = , height = , diameter = , other dimensions = , floor count = , floor area = , dome quantity = , dome height outer = , dome height inner = , dome dia outer = , dome dia inner = , spire quantity = 2 , spire height = , materials = , bells = 5 (North Tower)
3 (South Tower) , bells hung = , bell weight = , parish = , deanery = , archdeaconry = , episcopalarea = , archdiocese =

, metropolis = , diocese = , province = , presbytery = , synod = , circuit = , district = , division = , subdivision = , archbishop =

Josip Bozanić Josip Bozanić (; born 20 March 1949) is a Croatian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He is the eighth Archbishop of Zagreb, having previously served as Bishop of Krk from 1989 to 1997. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 2003. He is a member ...

, bishop = , abbot = , prior = , subprior = , vicar = , exarch = , provost-rector = , provost = , viceprovost = , rector = , dean = , subdean = , archpriest = , precentor = , succentor = , chancellor = , canonchancellor = , canon = , canonpastor = , canonmissioner = , canontreasurer = , prebendary = , priestincharge = , priest = , asstpriest = , honpriest = , curate = , asstcurate = , minister = , assistant = , seniorpastor = , pastor = , assocpastor = , asstpastor = , chaplain = , archdeacon = , deacon = , deaconness = , reader = , student intern = , organistdom = , director = , elder = , organist = , organscholar = , chapterclerk = , laychapter = , warden = , verger = , businessmgr = , liturgycoord = , reledu = , rcia = , youthmin = , flowerguild = , musicgroup = , parishadmin = , serversguild = , logo = , logosize = , logolink = , logoalt = , embedded = Zagreb Cathedral, on the Kaptol, is a

cathedral-church. It is the second tallest building in

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

and also the most monumental sacral building in Gothic style southeast of the Alps. It is dedicated to the

Assumption of Mary The Assumption of Mary is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. Pope Pius XII defined it in 1950 in his apostolic constitution '' Munificentissimus Deus'' as follows: We proclaim and define it to be a dogma revealed by ...

and to kings

Saint Stephen Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ''Stéphanos'', meaning "wreath, crown" and by extension "reward, honor, renown, fame", often given as a title rather than as a name; c. 5 – c. 34 AD) is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first ...

and

Saint Ladislaus Ladislaus I ( hu, László, hr, Ladislav, sk, Ladislav, pl, Władysław; 1040 – 29 July 1095), also known as Saint Ladislas, was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091. He was the second son of King Béla I of Hungary and ...

. The cathedral is typically Gothic, as is its sacristy, which is of great architectural value. Its prominent

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires a ...

s are considered to be landmarks as they are visible from most parts of the city. One of its two spires was damaged in an

earthquake An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, fr ...

that took place on March 22, 2020.

History

In 1093 when King

Ladislaus I of Hungary Ladislaus I ( hu, László, hr, Ladislav, sk, Ladislav, pl, Władysław; 1040 – 29 July 1095), also known as Saint Ladislas, was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091. He was the second son of King Béla I of Hungary and ...

(1040-1095) moved the bishop's chair from Sisak to Zagreb, he proclaimed the existing church as a cathedral. Construction on the cathedral started shortly after his death and was finished in 1217 and consecrated by king

Andrew II of Hungary Andrew II ( hu, II. András, hr, Andrija II., sk, Ondrej II., uk, Андрій II; 117721 September 1235), also known as Andrew of Jerusalem, was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1205 and 1235. He ruled the Principality of Halych from 11 ...

. The building was destroyed by the Mongols in 1242 but rebuilt by bishop Timothy (1263–1287) a few years later. At the end of the 15th century, the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

invaded Croatia, triggering the construction of

fortification A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere' ...

walls around the cathedral, some of which are still intact. In the 17th century, a single fortified renaissance watchtower was erected on the south side and was used as a military observation point, because of the Ottoman threat. The cathedral was severely damaged in the 1880 Zagreb earthquake. The main

nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...

collapsed and the individual tower was damaged beyond repair. The restoration-reconstruction of the cathedral in Neo-Gothic style was led by

, bringing the cathedral to its present form. As part of that restoration, two spires high were raised on the western side, both of which are now in the process of being restored as part of an extensive general restoration of the cathedral. The cathedral is depicted on the

reverse Reverse or reversing may refer to: Arts and media * ''Reverse'' (Eldritch album), 2001 * ''Reverse'' (2009 film), a Polish comedy-drama film * ''Reverse'' (2019 film), an Iranian crime-drama film * ''Reverse'' (Morandi album), 2005 * ''Reverse'' ...

of the Croatian 1000

kuna Kuna may refer to: Places * Kuna, Idaho, a town in the United States ** Kuna Caves, a lava tube in Idaho * Kuna Peak, a mountain in California * , a village in the Orebić municipality, Croatia * , a village in the Konavle municipality, Croatia ...

banknote issued in 1993. When facing the portal, the building is 46 meters wide and 104 and 105 meters high, respectively. The cathedral contains a relief of Cardinal

Aloysius Stepinac Aloysius Viktor Cardinal Stepinac ( hr, Alojzije Viktor Stepinac, 8 May 1898 – 10 February 1960) was a senior-ranking Yugoslav Croat prelate of the Catholic Church. A cardinal, Stepinac served as Archbishop of Zagreb from 1937 until his dea ...

with Christ done by the Croatian sculptor

Ivan Meštrović Ivan Meštrović (; 15 August 1883 – 16 January 1962) was a Croatian sculptor, architect, and writer. He was the most prominent modern Croatian sculptor and a leading artistic personality in contemporary Zagreb. He studied at Pavle Bilinić's ...

. The cathedral was visited by Pope

Benedict XVI Pope Benedict XVI ( la, Benedictus XVI; it, Benedetto XVI; german: link=no, Benedikt XVI.; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, , on 16 April 1927) is a retired prelate of the Catholic church who served as the head of the Church and the soverei ...

on 5 June 2011 where he celebrated Sunday Vespers and prayed before the tomb of Blessed

. The cathedral was damaged in the 2020 earthquake on 22 March, in which the tip of its southern spire broke off and crashed onto the roof of the adjacent Archbishop's Palace. On 17 April 2020, the northern spire of Zagreb Cathedral was removed due to leaning during the earthquake.

Treasury

The cathedral holds a

treasury A treasury is either *A government department related to finance and taxation, a finance ministry. *A place or location where treasure, such as currency or precious items are kept. These can be state or royal property, church treasure or i ...

(''riznica'') that include various metal vessels, liturgical vestments, and liturgical books collected during various periods of its history. Among these objects most notable are medieval St. Ladislaus cloak, Plenarium made out of ivory, and baroque Reliquary-bust of King Saint Stephen.

Gallery

File:Trg1880.jpg , 1880 pre-earthquake Cathedral and its tower's view from Jelačić Square with old square

File:The_Zagreb_Cathedral_renovated_according_to_designs_of_Hermann_Bolle_%28end_of_19_century%29.jpg , Post 1880 view with

s intact Catedral de Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 35.JPG, Facade Columna de María, Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-13, DD 01.JPG, Mary column in front of the Cathedral Catedral de Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 34.JPG, Entrance portal File:Zagrebacka_katedrala_straznja_strana.jpg , Eastern view File:Sarcophagus of blessed Alojzije Stepinac in Zagreb.jpg, Sarcophagus of

blessed Blessed may refer to: * The state of having received a blessing * Blessed, a title assigned by the Roman Catholic Church to someone who has been beatified Film and television * ''Blessed'' (2004 film), a 2004 motion picture about a supernatural ...

Alojzije Stepinac Aloysius Viktor Cardinal Stepinac ( hr, Alojzije Viktor Stepinac, 8 May 1898 – 10 February 1960) was a senior-ranking Yugoslav Croat prelate of the Catholic Church. A cardinal, Stepinac served as Archbishop of Zagreb from 1937 until his dea ...

. File:Katedrala sv Stjepana Zagreb.jpg , Nave, altar and pulpit File:Gargoyle on Zagreb Cathedral.jpg, Gargoyle on a Zagreb Cathedral File:ZGSKYLINE.jpg, cathedral in view behind St. Mark's Church in the foreground File:TowerZG.jpg, Neo-Gothic tower on a Zagreb Cathedral Catedral de Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 31-33 HDR.JPG, Lateral interior Catedral de Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 28-30 HDR.JPG, Stained glass Catedral de Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 22-24 HDR.JPG, Interior nave Catedral de Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 18.JPG, Coffin Catedral de Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 09-11 HDR.JPG, Altar Zagrebačka katedrala - misa na 100-tu obljetnicu povratka kostiju P. Zrinskog i F. K. Frankopana.jpg, Holy mass

History

Treasury

Gallery

See also

References

External links