Jabbār Berdi (Jabbār-Bīrdī) ( fa, ; tt-Latn, Cäbbär Birde; the name is rendered as Yeremferden in some western sources), was a

khan Khan may refer to: *Khan (inn), from Persian, a caravanserai or resting-place for a travelling caravan *Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name *Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by ...

of the

Golden Horde The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, 'Great State' in Turkic, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the fragmen ...

, reigning twice, in 1414–1415 and 1416–1417.

Ancestry

Jabbār Berdi was a son of

Tokhtamysh Tokhtamysh ( kz, Тоқтамыс, tt-Cyrl, Тухтамыш, translit=Tuqtamış, fa, توقتمش),The spelling of Tokhtamysh varies, but the most common spelling is Tokhtamysh. Tokhtamısh, Toqtamysh, ''Toqtamış'', ''Toqtamıs'', ''Toktamy ...

, and a brother of his immediate predecessor Karīm Berdi. They were descendants of Tuqa-Timur, the son of

Jochi Jochi Khan ( Mongolian: mn, Зүчи, ; kk, Жошы, Joşy جوشى; ; crh, Cuçi, Джучи, جوچى; also spelled Juchi; Djochi, and Jöchi c. 1182– February 1227) was a Mongol army commander who was the eldest son of Temüjin (aka G ...

, the son of

Chinggis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; ; xng, Temüjin, script=Latn; ., name=Temujin – August 25, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in history a ...

Reign

Tokhtamysh's son Karīm Berdi broke with his family's traditional alliance with Grand Prince

Vytautas Vytautas (c. 135027 October 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great ( Lithuanian: ', be, Вітаўт, ''Vitaŭt'', pl, Witold Kiejstutowicz, ''Witold Aleksander'' or ''Witold Wielki'' Ruthenian: ''Vitovt'', Latin: ''Alexander Vitoldus'', O ...

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

, and assumed a hostile attitude. Vytautas responded by setting up as rival khan Karīm Berdi's brother

Kebek Kebek (died 1325/1326) was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1309 until 1310, and again from c. 1318 until his death. Early life Kebek was the son of Duwa, who was the Khan from 1282 until 1307. Duwa sent several expeditions to the Delhi Sul ...

, but Kebek's displacement of Karīm Berdi in 1413 would not last. By 1414, Karīm Berdi had killed Kebek and recovered his throne. Undaunted, Vytautas proclaimed another son of Tokhtamysh, Jabbār Berdi, as khan and sent him against Karīm Berdi. Jabbār Berdi defeated his brother and took power later in 1414. He naturally favored cooperation with Lithuania, and benefited from its support. Nevertheless, Karīm Berdi was apparently still at large, and Jabbār Berdi had another dangerous enemy in the

beglerbeg ''Beylerbey'' ( ota, بكلربكی, beylerbeyi, lit= bey of beys, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Selj ...

Edigu Edigu (or Edigey) (also İdegäy or Edege Mangit) (1352–1419) was a Mongol Muslim emir of the White Horde who founded a new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde. Edigu was from the Crimean Manghud tribe, the son of B ...

, who had already proclaimed his own khan, a Tuqa-Timurid named Chekre. In the confused power struggle, Jabbār Berdi was briefly displaced by Edigu and Chekre in 1415, but succeeded in defeating and killing his rival Chekre in 1416. It was perhaps in the next year, 1417, that Jabbār Berdi also eliminated his own deposed brother, Karīm Berdi. Later the same year, Jabbār Berdi was defeated by Edigu and fled to the

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a p ...

. Edigu declared another Tuqa-Timurid, Darwīsh khan, while Jabbār Berdi was killed by his own retinue as he attempted to seek refuge in Lithuania.Howorth 1880: 270-271; Gaev 2002: 31-32; Sabitov 2008: 287; Seleznëv 2009: 68; Počekaev 2010: 193-194; Reva 2016: 715.

Genealogy

Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; ; xng, Temüjin, script=Latn; ., name=Temujin – August 25, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in history a ...

* Tuqa-Timur *Saricha *Kuyunchak *Qutluq Khwāja *Tuy Khwāja *

*Jabbār Berdi

References

* Bosworth, C. E., ''The New Islamic Dynasties'', New York, 1996. * Gaev, A. G., "Genealogija i hronologija Džučidov," ''Numizmatičeskij sbornik'' 3 (2002) 9-55. * Howorth, H. H., ''History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century.'' Part II.1. London, 1880. * Počekaev, R. J., ''Cari ordynskie: Biografii hanov i pravitelej Zolotoj Ordy''. Saint Petersburg, 2010. * Reva, R., "Borba za vlast' v pervoj polovine XV v.," in ''Zolotaja Orda v mirovoj istorii'', Kazan', 2016: 704–729. * Sabitov, Ž. M., ''Genealogija "Tore"'', Astana, 2008. * Seleznëv, J. V., ''Èlita Zolotoj Ordy: Naučno-spravočnoe izdanie'', Kazan', 2009. * Vohidov, Š. H. (trans.), ''Istorija Kazahstana v persidskih istočnikah.'' 3. ''Muʿizz al-ansāb.'' Almaty, 2006. {{DEFAULTSORT:Yeremferden 15th-century monarchs in Europe Khans of the Golden Horde 1419 deaths Year of birth unknown