Yuri Petrovich Raizer (russian: Юрий Петрович Райзер, 26 January 1927 – 25 June 2021) was a prominent

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

and Russian

theoretical A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The process of contemplative and rational thinking is often associated with such processes as observational study or research. Theories may be s ...

physicist A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate caus ...

. Raizer was born in

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

. He received his PhD degree in 1953 and his

Doctor of Sciences Doctor of Sciences ( rus, доктор наук, p=ˈdoktər nɐˈuk, abbreviated д-р наук or д. н.; uk, доктор наук; bg, доктор на науките; be, доктар навук) is a higher doctoral degree in the Russi ...

degree in 1959. He was Senior Research Fellow at the Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the

Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

, Russia where he served as a head of the Division of Physics of gas dynamic processes since 1965. Additionally, he was

professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who pr ...

at the

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; russian: Московский Физико-Технический институт, also known as PhysTech), is a public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares speciali ...

since 1968. Raizer worked in various fields including

gas dynamics Compressible flow (or gas dynamics) is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with flows having significant changes in fluid density. While all flows are compressible, flows are usually treated as being incompressible when the Mach number (the r ...

, low-temperature

plasma Plasma or plasm may refer to: Science * Plasma (physics), one of the four fundamental states of matter * Plasma (mineral), a green translucent silica mineral * Quark–gluon plasma, a state of matter in quantum chromodynamics Biology * Blood pla ...

explosion An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are known ...

physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...

gas discharge Electric discharge in gases occurs when electric current flows through a gaseous medium due to ionization of the gas. Depending on several factors, the discharge may radiate visible light. The properties of electric discharges in gases are studied ...

, the interaction of

laser A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word "laser" is an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". The fir ...

radiation In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes: * ''electromagnetic radiation'', such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visi ...

with

ionized gas Plasma ()πλάσμα
, Henry George Liddell, R ...

, and the

lightning Lightning is a naturally occurring electrostatic discharge during which two electric charge, electrically charged regions, both in the atmosphere or with one on the land, ground, temporarily neutralize themselves, causing the instantaneous ...

. He wrote over 200 papers, eight books (six in

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

), and three

patents A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

. His "Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena", co-authored with

Yakov Zeldovich Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich ( be, Я́каў Бары́савіч Зяльдо́віч, russian: Я́ков Бори́сович Зельдо́вич; 8 March 1914 – 2 December 1987), also known as YaB, was a leading Soviet physicist of Bel ...

(in English, 1968, 2002), and "Gas Discharge Physics" (in English, 1991, 1997) are well known handbooks for researchers and students.

Bibliography

*Ya. B. Zel'dovich, Yu. P. Raizer. Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena. Academic Press, New York, 1968; Dover Publications Inc. Mineola, New York, 2002. *Yu. P. Raizer. Laser-Induced Discharge Phenomena. Consultants Bureau, New York, London, 1977. *Yu. P. Raizer. Gas Discharge Physics. Springer, Berlin, New York, 1991, 1997. *Yu. P. Raizer, M. N. Shneider, and N. A. Yatsenko. Radio-Frequency Capacitive Discharges. CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York, 1995. *E. M. Bazelyan, Yu. P. Raizer. Spark Discharge. CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York, 1998. *E. M. Bazelyan, Yu. P. Raizer. Lightning Physics and Lightning Protection. IOP Publishing, Bristol, Philadelphia, 2000.

References

*Yu. P. Raizer papers in scientific journal "

Physics-Uspekhi ''Physics-Uspekhi'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is an English translation of the Russian journal of physics, ''Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk'' (russian: Успехи физических наук, ''Advances in Physical Sciences'') which ...

". http://ufn.ru/ru/authors/raizer_yurii_p/ (in

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

). *Yu. P. Raizer. A

nuclear explosion A nuclear explosion is an explosion that occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from a high-speed nuclear reaction. The driving reaction may be nuclear fission or nuclear fusion or a multi-stage cascading combination of the two, t ...

(

paper Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed ...

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya e ...

, 3rd ed. M.: "The Soviet Encyclopedia", 1978 (in

). *Yu. P. Raizer. The

shock wave In physics, a shock wave (also spelled shockwave), or shock, is a type of propagating disturbance that moves faster than the local speed of sound in the medium. Like an ordinary wave, a shock wave carries energy and can propagate through a med ...

(

). Physical Encyclopedic Dictionary, M.: "The Soviet Encyclopedia", 1984, pp. 778–780 (in

). * *Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy Sciences. Laboratory of Laser Discharges. http://www1.ipmnet.ru/lab10_en.htm {{DEFAULTSORT:Raizer, Yuri Soviet physicists 20th-century Russian physicists 21st-century Russian physicists Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 1927 births 2021 deaths Scientists from Kharkiv Lenin Prize winners State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni