Yuri Alekseevich Ryzhov (russian: Ю́рий Алексе́евич Рыжо́в; October 28, 1930 in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
– July 29, 2017 in Moscow) was a
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
and
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
n scientist in the field of
fluid dynamics
In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids— liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including ''aerodynamics'' (the study of air and other gases in motion) an ...
, political and social activist, diplomat, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1970), member of the
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...
(
Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life. In syst ...
Arbat District
Arbat District (russian: link=no, район Арбат) is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population:
The district extends from central Mokhovaya Street west to Novoarbatsky Bridge over th ...
, where he attended local high school No. 59.
In 1954 graduated from
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; russian: Московский Физико-Технический институт, also known as PhysTech), is a public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares speciali ...
with a degree in
Aeromechanics
Aeromechanics is the science about mechanics that deals with the motion of air and other gases, involving aerodynamics, thermophysics and aerostatics. It is the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases (especially air) and their eff ...
.
While still an undergraduate he began his collaboration with
TsAGI
The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (also (Zhukovsky) Central Institute of Aerodynamics, russian: Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т, ЦАГИ, Tsentral'nyy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut, ...
(Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute in Zhukovsky) where he conducted research on experimental and theoretical
thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of the ...
surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft syst ...
s until 1958.
In 1958, following an invitation by academician
Georgy Petrov Georgiy Ivanovich Petrov (31 May 1912, Pinega, Arkhangelsk Governorate - 13 May 1987) was a Soviet engineer.
In 1935 after graduating from the Moscow State University, Petrov worked at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. In 1944 he worked at NI ...
, Ryzhov joins the Keldysh Research Centre (at the time known as NII-1); here his work focused on high speed aerodynamics.
In 1961-1992 and since 1999 he has worked at the
Moscow Aviation Institute
Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI; russian: Московский авиационный институт, МАИ) is one of the major engineering institutes in Moscow, Russia. Since its inception MAI has been spearhe ...
:
docent
The title of docent is conferred by some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank, similar to a British readership, a French " ''maître de conf ...
, professor, pro-rector,
rector
Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to:
Style or title
*Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations
*Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...
(1986-1992), head of the aerodynamics department since 2003.
1960-1990: Member of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
"Hymn of the Bolshevik Party"
, headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow
, general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first) Mikhail Gorbachev (last)
, founded =
, banned =
, founder = Vladimir Lenin
, newspaper ...
.
1987-1990: Deputy of the Moscow City Council, also known as
Mossovet
The Mossoviet (Russian: Моссовет), an abbreviation of Moscow Soviet, (Московский Совет) was established following the February Revolution . Initially it was a parallel, shadow city administration of Moscow, Russia run by lef ...
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (russian: Президиум Верховного Совета, Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a body of state power in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).Inter-regional Deputies' Group, the first legal parliamentary opposition in the Soviet Union.
1990-1991: Senior deputy chairman of the Higher political advisory council to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of
RSFSR
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
.
1991: Chairman of the Committee for Science, Technology and Education at the
Soviet of the Union
The Soviet of the Union (russian: Сове́т Сою́за - ''Sovet Soyuza'') was the lower chamber of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot ...
of the Supreme Soviet of USSR; member of the Political advisory council to the President of USSR.
According to the Soviet and Russian journalist and statesman
Mikhail Poltoranin
Mikhail Nikiforovich Poltoranin (russian: Михаил Никифорович Полторанин; born 22 November 1939) is a Russian journalist and politician who held senior government posts under the first President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin. ...
, Ryzhov was offered the post of Prime Minister during Boris Yeltsin's time in office, but had turned it down.
1992-1998: Ambassador of the Russian Federation to
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
.
1992-1993: Member of the President's Advisory Council of the Russian Federation; since 1993: Member of the President's Council of the Russian Federation.
2001-2012: Chairman of the Russian Pugwash Committee at the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
2002-2013: Member of the Council of the
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is an international organization that brings together scholars and public figures to work toward reducing the danger of armed conflict and to seek solutions to global security threats. It was f ...
.
Chairman of the "History of World Culture" Research Council at the Russian Academy of Sciences, chairman of the judging panel at the "Triumph-Science" independent prize for the encouragement of achievements in science, member of the Public Committee for the Protection of Scientists, member of the Russian National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, supervisory board member of the INDEM Foundation, member of the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy. Was on the inaugural board of the ''
Moskovskiye Novosti
''Moskovskiye Novosti'' (russian: Московские новости, ''Moscow News'') was a Russian-language daily newspaper in Russia relaunched in 2011. The paper - by then a 'youth-oriented' free sheet handed out at more than 850 places aro ...
'' Newspaper.
Field of scientific research
Yuri Ryzhov's main works are in the fields of supersonic aerodynamics, rarefied-gas dynamics, interaction of atomic scale particles with surfaces, non-equilibrium processes in gas flows, non-stationary heat transfer.
Political position in recent years
In 2014 he was among the 31 signatories of a declaration, dedicated to the '' September 21st Peace March'', demanding "to end the aggressive reckless venture: to withdraw Russian troops from the territory of Ukraine and to stop providing propaganda, material and military support to the separatists in the South-East of Ukraine".
He was a critic and opponent of the regime of President
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who holds the office of president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime min ...
.
Awards
*
Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
The Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" (russian: Орден «За заслуги перед Отечеством», ''Orden "Za zaslugi pered Otechestvom"'') is a state decoration of the Russian Federation. It was instituted on 2 March 1994 by P ...
, III Class (''April 5th,1999'') – ''for services to the state and significant contribution to the implementation of Russia’s foreign policy course''.
*
Medal "Defender of a Free Russia"
The Medal "Defender of a Free Russia" (russian: Медаль «Защитнику свободной России») is a state award of the Russian Federation. It was created on July 2, 1992 by Law of the Russian Federation № 3183-I in the wa ...
(''August 20th, 1997'') – ''for carrying out his civil duty while defending democracy and constitutional order on the 19-21 of August 1991.''