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Yuno Shaulovich Semyonov (russian: Юно Шаулович Семёнов; he, ;יונו סמיונוב 1899–1961) was a
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
prose writer, playwright and artistic director. He wrote in the
Judeo-Tat
Judeo-Tat or Juhuri (''cuhuri'', , ) is the traditional language of the Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Azerbaijan and Dagestan, now mainly spoken in Israel.
The language is a dialect of Persian which belongs to the s ...
language. His work was characterized by plays on the topics of the day, full of sarcasm and humor. He was one of the founders of the
Judeo-Tat theatre
The Judeo-Tat Theatre in Derbent, Dagestan, Russia specializes in staging plays with themes related to the lives of Mountain Jews, which are created mainly by Mountain Jews. The plays are performed in the Judeo-Tat language (Juhuri).
The foundin ...
in
Derbent
Derbent (russian: Дербе́нт; lez, Кьвевар, Цал; az, Дәрбәнд, italic=no, Dərbənd; av, Дербенд; fa, دربند), formerly romanized as Derbend, is a city in Dagestan, Russia, located on the Caspian Sea. It is ...
.
[Yuno Semyonov - poet and front-line soldier - GORSKIE.ru]
/ref> In 1915 he graduated from the Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
-Judeo-Tat
Judeo-Tat or Juhuri (''cuhuri'', , ) is the traditional language of the Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Azerbaijan and Dagestan, now mainly spoken in Israel.
The language is a dialect of Persian which belongs to the s ...
School, received a law degree in Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. He worked as a typesetter in the printing house of the Derbent city newspaper, which was published in Russian. During the Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
, he fought on the side of the Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
, becoming famous as a red partisan. After the civil war, he returned to his previous job.
Since 1932, he published nine plays.Baku
Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world a ...
with his family. There he worked for the newspaper ''(russian: «Коммунист»)'' - "Communist". Later, he moved back to his hometown. He worked in the newspaper ''(Juhuri
Judeo-Tat or Juhuri (''cuhuri'', , ) is the traditional language of the Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Azerbaijan and Dagestan, now mainly spoken in Israel.
The language is a dialect of Persian which belongs to the s ...
:« Захметкеш»)'' - ("The Toiler") in the Judeo-Tat
Judeo-Tat or Juhuri (''cuhuri'', , ) is the traditional language of the Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Azerbaijan and Dagestan, now mainly spoken in Israel.
The language is a dialect of Persian which belongs to the s ...
language., Yuno Semyonov went to the front. He served as a senior sergeant and was the head of the warehouse of the 1254th airfield air defense regiment. His regiment fought as part of the
1st Ukrainian Front
The 1st Ukrainian Front (Russian: Пéрвый Украи́нский фронт), previously the Voronezh Front (Russian: Воронежский Фронт) was a major formation of the Soviet Army during World War II, being equivalent to a ...
, then as part of the
2nd Ukrainian. He demobilized on June 23, 1945. Yuno Semyonov met the end of the war in
Budapest
Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...
. Received a
medal "For Battle Merit"
The Medal "For Battle Merit" (russian: Медаль «За боевые заслуги») was a Soviet military medal awarded for " combat action resulting in a military success", "courageous defense of the state borders", or "successful military ...
.
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
expressed gratitude in his letter to the sergeant Yuno Semyonov for the capture of the cities of
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
and Budapest.
After the war, Yuno Semyonov worked at a winery, as well as in various leadership positions. Later, under the pretext of being a relative of a
traitor of motherland, he was removed from his job.
Yuno Semyonov died in 1961 on a train to
Volgograd
Volgograd ( rus, Волгогра́д, a=ru-Volgograd.ogg, p=vəɫɡɐˈɡrat), geographical renaming, formerly Tsaritsyn (russian: Цари́цын, Tsarítsyn, label=none; ) (1589–1925), and Stalingrad (russian: Сталингра́д, Stal ...
and was buried in his native city Derbent. His plays are staged in the
Judeo-Tat theatre
The Judeo-Tat Theatre in Derbent, Dagestan, Russia specializes in staging plays with themes related to the lives of Mountain Jews, which are created mainly by Mountain Jews. The plays are performed in the Judeo-Tat language (Juhuri).
The foundin ...
of Derbent to this day.
Theatrical activity
In 1920 in Derbent, Yuno Semyonov headed a drama circle of the
Mountain Jewish
Mountain Jews or Caucasus Jews also known as Juhuro, Juvuro, Juhuri, Juwuri, Juhurim, Kavkazi Jews or Gorsky Jews ( he, יהודי קווקז ''Yehudey Kavkaz'' or ''Yehudey he-Harim''; russian: Горские евреи, translit=Gorskie Yevrei ...
youth, which received the abbreviated name ''(russian: «Кружок ГЕМ»)'' - "GEM Circle", for which he wrote plays - ''(
Juhuri
Judeo-Tat or Juhuri (''cuhuri'', , ) is the traditional language of the Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Azerbaijan and Dagestan, now mainly spoken in Israel.
The language is a dialect of Persian which belongs to the s ...
: "Гlэмелдане илчи")'' - "A cunning matchmaker," ''(russian: «Два старьевщика»)'' - "Two junkmen" and ''(russian: «Кордон»)'' - "Cordon", the same year the drama circle was closed.
In 1924, Yuno Semyonov put on two plays in the Derbent Mountain Jews circle - ''(russian: «Два кожепродавца»)'' - "Two leather sellers" and ''(russian: «Хитрый сват»)'' - "A cunning matchmaker."
The main themes of Yuno Semyonov plays were the formation of a new socialist person, anti-religious propaganda (the poem ''(russian: «Купить библию»)'' - "Buy a Bible"), the fight against the remnants of the past and the collective construction of a new life.
In 1936, Yuno Semyonov at the call of the party promoting the mixing of peoples and interethnic marriages, wrote a play ''(russian: «Сводный брат»)'' - "Stepbrother" about the love of a mountain Jew for a
Lezghin girl.
In 1955, 10 years after the end of the war, Yuno Semyonov wrote the poem ''(russian: «Я свидетель»)'' - "I am a witness", where he expressed all the horrors of war through which he went through.
[Mikhailova I. ]
Jews of Derbent in the Great Patriotic War
- 2013. -
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Semyonov, Yuno
1899 births
1961 deaths
Judeo-Tat poets
Actors and directors of the Judeo-Tat language theater
Writers from Dagestan
Poets from Dagestan
Writers from Derbent
Poets from Derbent
Judeo-Tat playwrights