Yugoslavs or Yugoslavians (
Bosnian and
Croatian: ''Jugoslaveni'',
Serbian
Serbian may refer to:
* someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe
* someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people
* Serbian language
* Serbian names
See also
*
*
* Old Serbian (disambiguat ...
and
Macedonian
Macedonian most often refers to someone or something from or related to Macedonia.
Macedonian(s) may specifically refer to:
People Modern
* Macedonians (ethnic group), a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group primarily associated with North M ...
''Jugosloveni''/Југословени; sl, Jugoslovani) is an identity that was originally designed to refer to a united
South Slavic people. It has been used in two connotations, the first in a sense of common shared ethnic descent, i.e.
panethnic
Panethnicity is a political neologism used to group various ethnic groups together based on their related cultural origins; geographic, linguistic, religious, or 'racial' (i.e. phenotypic) similarities are often used alone or in combination to dr ...
or
supraethnic connotation for ethnic South Slavs, and the second as a term for all citizens of former
Yugoslavia regardless of ethnicity. Cultural and political advocates of Yugoslav identity have historically ascribed the identity to be applicable to all people of South Slav heritage, including those of modern
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia,
Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Serbia, and
Slovenia. Although
Bulgarians are a South Slavic group, attempts at uniting
Bulgaria into Yugoslavia were unsuccessful, and therefore Bulgarians were not included in the panethnic identification.
Since the
dissolution of Yugoslavia and the establishment of South Slavic
nation states, the term ''ethnic Yugoslavs'' has been used to refer to those who exclusively view themselves as Yugoslavs with no other ethnic
self-identification, many of these being of mixed ancestry.
In late 19th and early 20th century, influential public intellectuals
Jovan Cvijić and
Vladimir Dvorniković Vladimir Dvorniković (28 July 1888 – 30 September 1956) was an ethnic Croat and politically Yugoslav philosopher, ethno-psychologist, and a strong proponent of a Yugoslav ethnicity. He was a professor at the University of Zagreb during the 192 ...
advocated that ''Yugoslavs'', as a supra-ethnic nation, had "many tribal ethnicities, such as Croats, Serbs, and others within it."
In the former
Yugoslavia, the official designation for those who declared themselves simply as ''Yugoslav'' was with quotation marks, "Yugoslavs" (introduced in census 1971). The quotation marks were originally meant to distinguish Yugoslav ethnicity from Yugoslav citizenship, which was written without quotation marks. The majority of those who had once identified as ethnic "Yugoslavs" reverted to or adopted traditional ethnic and national identities. Some also decided to turn to sub-national regional identifications, especially in multi-ethnic historical regions like
Istria
Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...
,
Vojvodina, or
Bosnia
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and He ...
(hence
Bosnians
Bosnians (Bosnian language: / ; / , / ) are people identified with the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina or with the region of Bosnia. As a common demonym, the term ''Bosnians'' refers to all inhabitants/citizens of the country, regardless ...
). The Yugoslav designation, however, continues to be used by many, especially by the descendants of Yugoslav migrants in the United States, Canada, and Australia while the country still existed.
History
Yugoslavism and Yugoslavia
Since the late 18th century, when traditional European ethnic affiliations started to mature into modern ethnic identities, there have been numerous attempts to define a common
South Slavic ethnic identity. The word ''Yugoslav'', meaning "South Slavic", was first used by
Josip Juraj Strossmayer in 1849. The first modern iteration of Yugoslavism was the
Illyrian movement in
Habsburg Croatia
The Kingdom of Croatia ( hr, Kraljevina Hrvatska; la, Regnum Croatiae; hu, Horvát Királyság, german: Königreich Kroatien) was part of the lands of the Habsburg monarchy from 1527, following the Election in Cetin, and the Austrian Empire from ...
. It identified South Slavs with ancient
Illyrians and sought to construct a common language based on the
Shtokavian dialect
Shtokavian or Štokavian (; sh-Latn, štokavski / sh-Cyrl, italics=no, штокавски, ) is the prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards. It ...
.
The movement was led by
Ljudevit Gaj
Ljudevit Gaj (; born Ludwig Gay; hu, Gáj Lajos; 8 August 1809 – 20 April 1872) was a Croatian Linguistics, linguist, politician, journalist and writer. He was one of the central figures of the pan-Slavist Illyrian movement.
Biography
Origi ...
, whose
script became one of two official scripts used for the
Serbo-Croatian language.
[
Among notable supporters of Yugoslavism and a Yugoslav identity active at the beginning of the 20th century were famous sculptor Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), who called Serbian folk hero Prince Marko "our Yugoslav people with its gigantic and noble heart" and wrote poetry speaking of a "Yugoslav race";][Ivo Banač. ''The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics''. Cornell University Press, 1984. Pp. 204-205.] Jovan Cvijić, in his article ''The Bases of Yugoslav Civilization'', developed the idea of a unified Yugoslav culture and stated that "New qualities that until now have been expressed but weakly will appear. An amalgamation of the most fertile qualities of our three tribes erbs, Croats, Sloveneswill come forth every more strongly, and thus will be constructed the type of single Yugoslav civilization-the final and most important goal of our country."
On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne, and his wife, in Sarajevo. Princip was a member of Young Bosnia, a group whose aims included the unification of the Yugoslavs and independence from Austria-Hungary. The assassination in Sarajevo
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were Assassination, assassinated on 28 June 1914 by Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian Se ...
set into motion a series of fast-moving events that eventually escalated into full-scale war. After his capture, during his trial, he stated "I am a Yugoslav nationalist, aiming for the unification of all Yugoslavs, and I do not care what form of state, but it must be free from Austria."
In June–July 1917, the Yugoslav Committee met with the Serbian
Serbian may refer to:
* someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe
* someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people
* Serbian language
* Serbian names
See also
*
*
* Old Serbian (disambiguat ...
Government in Corfu
Corfu (, ) or Kerkyra ( el, Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra, , ; ; la, Corcyra.) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The isl ...
and on 20 July the Corfu Declaration that laid the foundation for the post-war state was issued. The preamble stated that the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were "the same by blood, by language, by the feelings of their unity, by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undivided, and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life." The state was created as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, a constitutional monarchy under the Karađorđević dynasty. The term "Yugoslavs" was used to refer to all of its inhabitants, but particularly to those of South Slavic ethnicity. Some Croatian nationalists viewed the Serb plurality and Serbian royal family as hegemonic. Eventually, a conflict of interest sparked among the Yugoslav peoples. In 1929, King Alexander sought to resolve a deep political crisis brought on by ethnic tensions by assuming dictatorial powers in the 6 January Dictatorship, renaming the country "Kingdom of Yugoslavia", and officially pronouncing that there is one single Yugoslav nation with three tribes. The Yugoslav ethnic designation was thus imposed for a period of time on all South Slavs in Yugoslavia. Changes in Yugoslav politics after King Alexander's death in 1934 brought an end to this policy, but the designation continued to be used by some people.
Philosopher Vladimir Dvorniković Vladimir Dvorniković (28 July 1888 – 30 September 1956) was an ethnic Croat and politically Yugoslav philosopher, ethno-psychologist, and a strong proponent of a Yugoslav ethnicity. He was a professor at the University of Zagreb during the 192 ...
advocated the establishment of a Yugoslav ethnicity in his 1939 book entitled "The Characterology
Characterology () is the academic study of character which was prominent in German-speaking countries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is considered an historic branch of personality psychology, which extended into psychoanaly ...
of the Yugoslavs". His views included eugenics and cultural blending to create one, strong Yugoslav nation.[
There had on three occasions been efforts to make Bulgaria a part of Yugoslavia or part of an even larger federation: through Aleksandar Stamboliyski during and after World War I; through Zveno during the ]Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934
Bulgarian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
* Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
* Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
* Bulgarian alphabet
* A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria
* Bul ...
, and through Georgi Dimitrov
Georgi Dimitrov Mihaylov (; bg, Гео̀рги Димитро̀в Миха̀йлов), also known as Georgiy Mihaylovich Dimitrov (russian: Гео́ргий Миха́йлович Дими́тров; 18 June 1882 – 2 July 1949), was a Bulgarian ...
during and after World War II, but for various reasons, each attempt turned out to be unsuccessful.
Self-identification in Second Yugoslavia
Unitary policies implemented by the authorities of the early 20th century Kingdom of Yugoslavia aimed at creating a single Yugoslav ethnic identity that speaks one South Slavic language were met with heavy resistance by majorities of the country's citizens. Those policies and attempts at concentration of power within the ruling Serbian royal dynasty, the Karađorđevićs, were interpreted by opponents of Yugoslav unitarism and Serbian nationalism as gradual Serbianization
Serbianisation American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization), or Serbianization, also known as Serbification, and Serbisation American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization), or ...
of Yugoslavia's non-Serb population. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia
The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, mk, Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na komunistite na Jugoslavija known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, sl, Komunistična partija Jugoslavije mk ...
was ideologically opposed to ethnic unitarism and royal hegemony, promoting ethnic diversity and social Yugoslavism within the notion of " brotherhood and unity". After the country's liberation from Axis Powers in 1945 by the Yugoslav Partisans, the new socialist Yugoslavia was instead organized as a federation; it officially recognized and acknowledged its ethnic diversity. Traditional ethnic identities again became the primary ethnic designations used by most inhabitants of Yugoslavia which remained the case until the country's dissolution in the early 1990s
File:1990s decade montage.png, From top left, clockwise: The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth after it was launched in 1990; American F-16s and F-15s fly over burning oil fields in Operation Desert Storm, also known as the 1991 Gulf War ...
. However, many people still declared themselves as "Yugoslavs" because they wanted to express an identification with Yugoslavia as a whole, but not specifically with any of its peoples.
Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; sh-Cyrl, Тито, links=no, ), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various positions from 1943 until his deat ...
expressed his desire for an undivided Yugoslav ethnicity to develop naturally when he stated, "I would like to live to see the day when Yugoslavia would become amalgamated into a firm community, when she would no longer be a formal community but a community of a single Yugoslav nation."
Yugoslav censuses reflected Tito's ideal, with "Yugoslav" being an available identification for both ethnicity and nationality. In general, the Yugoslav identity was more common in the multiethnic regions of the country, i.e. the more multiethnic the constituent republic, the higher the percentage; therefore the highest were in Croatia, Montenegro, Central Serbia, Vojvodina, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the lowest were in Slovenia, Macedonia, and Kosovo. The 1971 census recorded 273,077 Yugoslavs, or 1.33% of the total population. The 1981 census, a year after the death of Tito, recorded a record number of 1,216,463 or 5.4% Yugoslavs.
*In the 1991 census, 5.54% (242,682) of the inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared themselves to be Yugoslav.[Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine – Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.] The Constitution of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1990 ratified a Presidency of seven members. One of the seven was to be elected amongst/by the republic's Yugoslavs, thereby introducing the Yugoslavs next to ethnic Muslims, Serbs and Croats into the Constitutional framework of Bosnia and Herzegovina although on an inferior level. However, because of the Bosnian War
The Bosnian War ( sh, Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started ...
that erupted in 1992, this Constitution was short-lived and unrealized.
*Approximately 5% of the population of Montenegro also declared themselves Yugoslav in the same census.
*The 1981 census showed that Yugoslavs made up around 8.2% of the population in Croatia, this being the highest ever percentage of ''Yugoslavs'' within a constituent republic's borders. The percentage was the highest in multiethnic regions and cities with large non-Croatian population and among those of mixed ancestry. The 1991 census data indicated that the number of Yugoslavs had dropped to 2% of the population in Croatia. The 2001 census in Croatia (the first since independence) registered 176 Yugoslavs, less than 0.001% of the population at the time.[Population of Croatia 1931–2001](_blank)
/ref> The next census in 2011 registered 331 Yugoslavs in Croatia (>0.01% of the population).
*The autonomous region of Vojvodina, marked by its traditionally multiethnic make-up, recorded a similar percentage as Croatia at the 1981 census, with ~8% of its 2 million inhabitants declaring themselves Yugoslav.
Just before and after the dissolution of Yugoslavia, most Yugoslavs reverted to their ethnic and regional identities. Nevertheless, the concept has survived in parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (where most towns have a tiny percentage), and Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...
(2003–2006), which kept the name "Yugoslavia" the longest, right up to February 2003.
Successor states
Self-identification
The number of people identifying as Yugoslav fell drastically in all successor states since the beginning of the 21st century and the conclusion of all Yugoslav Wars and separation of Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...
(until 2003 called FR Yugoslavia). The country with the highest number of people and percentage of population identifying as Yugoslav is Serbia, while North Macedonia is the lowest on both. No official figures or reliable estimates are available for Kosovo.
Organizations
The Yugoslavs of Croatia have several organizations. The "Alliance of Yugoslavs" (''Savez Jugoslavena''), established in 2010 in Zagreb, is an association aiming to unite the Yugoslavs of Croatia, regardless of religion, sex, political or other views.[U Zagrebu osnovan Savez Jugoslavena]
(in Croatian). Jutarnji list. ''Portal Jutarnji.hr; 23 March 2010'' Its main goal is the official recognition of the Yugoslav nation in every Yugoslav successor state: Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro.[U Zagrebu osnovan Savez Jugoslavena: Imamo pravo na očuvanje baštine Jugoslavije]
(in Croatian). Index.hr. ''L.J.; 23 March 2010''
Another pro-Yugoslav
Yugoslavism, Yugoslavdom, or Yugoslav nationalism is an ideology supporting the notion that the South Slavs, namely the Bosniaks, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Slovenes, but also Bulgarians, belong to a single Yugoslav nation ...
organization advocating the recognition of the Yugoslav nation is the "Our Yugoslavia" association (''Udruženje "Naša Jugoslavija"''), which is an officially registered organization in Croatia.[Yugoslavs in the twenty-first century: ‘erased’ people]
openDemocracy.net
openDemocracy is an independent media platform and news website based in the United Kingdom. Founded in 2001, openDemocracy states that through reporting and analysis of social and political issues, they seek to "challenge power and encourage de ...
. ''Anes Makul and Heather McRobie; 17 February 2011'' The seat of Our Yugoslavia is in the Istria
Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...
n town of Pula
Pula (; also known as Pola, it, Pola , hu, Pòla, Venetian language, Venetian; ''Pola''; Istriot language, Istriot: ''Puola'', Slovene language, Slovene: ''Pulj'') is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, and the List of cities and town ...
,[Udruženje "Naša Jugoslavija" osniva Klubove Jugoslavena]
(in Croatian). Dubrovački vjesnik. ''Silvana Fable; 25 July 2010'' where it was founded on 30 July 2009.
(in Serbian). Radio Television of Vojvodina. ''Tanjug; 30 July 2009'' The association has most members in the towns of Rijeka
Rijeka ( , , ; also known as Fiume hu, Fiume, it, Fiume ; local Chakavian: ''Reka''; german: Sankt Veit am Flaum; sl, Reka) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primor ...
, Zagreb and Pula.["Naša Jugoslavija" širi se Hrvatskom]
(in Serbian). Vesti online. ''Novi list; 27 July 2010'' Its main aim is the stabilisation of relations among the Yugoslav successor states. It is also active in Bosnia and Herzegovina, however, its official registration as an association was denied by the Bosnian state authorities.[
The probably best-known pro-Yugoslav organization in Montenegro is the "Consulate-general of the SFRY" with its headquarters in the coastal town of Tivat. Prior to the population census of 2011, Marko Perković, the president of this organization called on the Yugoslavs of Montenegro to freely declare their Yugoslav identity on the upcoming census.][Perković pozvao Crnogorce da se izjasne i kao Jugosloveni]
(in Serbian). Srbijanet. ''03-03-2011''
Notable people
The best known example of self-declared Yugoslavs is Marshal Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; sh-Cyrl, Тито, links=no, ), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various positions from 1943 until his deat ...
who organized resistance against Nazi Germany in Yugoslavia,[Tito and his People](_blank)
by Howard Fast
ended the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia with the help of the Red Army, co-founded the Non-Aligned Movement, and defied Joseph Stalin's Soviet pressure on Yugoslavia. Other people that declared as "Yugoslavs" include intellectuals, entertainers, singers, and athletes, such as:
* Ivo Andrić
* Goran Bregović
* Lepa Brena[Lepa Brena u Zagrebu?!]
(in Croatian). Dnevnik.hr. ''B.G.; 13 December 2008''
* Joška Broz,[DANI – Intervju: Joška Broz, unuk Josipa Broza Tita]
(in Bosnian). BH Dani
BH, Bh or bh may refer to:
Medicine
* Bernard-Horner syndrome, a combination of symptoms that arises when a group of nerves known as the sympathetic trunk is damaged
* Borderline hypertensive, an American medical classification for cases wher ...
. ''Tamara Nikčević; 14 August 2009'' the grandson of Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; sh-Cyrl, Тито, links=no, ), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various positions from 1943 until his deat ...
* Oliver Dulić[Слушам савете многих, али одлуке доносим сам ]
(in Serbian). Evropa magazine/ Democratic Party web site. ''Dragana Đevori''
* Srđan Dragojević
* Đorđe Đogani Đorđe ( sr-Cyrl, Ђорђе;transliterated Djordje) is a Serbian given name, a Serbian variant, derived from Greek ''Georgios'' (''George'' in English). Other variants include: Đurđe, Đurađ, Đura, Đuro, Georgije. It may refer to:
* Đor ...
[ЏОЛЕ: Со Слаѓа сум во одлични односи!]
(in Macedonian). Večer. ''Aleksandra Timkovska; 5 September 2006''
* Branko Đurić
* Ivan Ergić["Ich bin ein alter Jugoslawe"]
(in German). Ballesterer. ''Fabian Kern; 13 May 2008''
* Andrej Grubačić
* Ekrem Jevrić
* Edvin Kanka Ćudić
Edvin Kanka Ćudić (; born December 31, 1988), is a
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian human rights activist, Martial arts, martial artist, journalist and Political science, political analyst who is best known as the leader of the UDIK, an organ ...
* Božo Koprivica
Božo Koprivica ( sr-Cyrl, Божо Копривица) is an essayist, dramatic adviser and literary critic from Montenegro, of Yugoslavian ethnicity.
He is best known for his books ''Volej i sluh'' (from 1992) and ''Kiš, Borhes i Maradona'' ( ...
[U fudbalu nema nacionalizma]
(in Montenegrin). Monitor Online. ''Nastasja Radović; 16 July 2010''
* Magnifico[Intervju: Magnifico Il Grande. Po domače, Car]
(in Slovenian). Mladina. ''Max Modic; 2007/52''[А1 репортажа – Словенија денес]
(in Macedonian). A1 Television. ''Aneta Dodevska; 1 January 2009''
* Igor Mandić
Igor Mandić (20 November 1939 – 13 March 2022) was a Croatian writer, literary critic, columnist and essayist. According to Croatian historian Slobodan Prosperov Novak, Mandić was the most important and the most versatile Croatian newspaper w ...
* Branko Milićević "Kockica"
* Milan Milišić
Milan Milišić (6 July 1941 – 5 October 1991) was a Yugoslav poet, translator, author and journalist from Dubrovnik. He wrote several volumes of poetry and also plays, essays, travel literature, a novel and translated, among others, J. R. R. To ...
[Život za slobodu]
(in Serbian). E-Novine. ''Dragoljub Todorović; 4 October 2010''
* Ašok Murti
Ašok Murti ( sr-cyr, Ашок Мурти; born 1962) is a Serbian wardrobe stylist, considered to be the country's most famous wardrobe stylist. [Ostao sam ovde iz inata]
(in Serbian). Blic
''Blic'' (Cyrillic: Блиц, ) is a daily middle-market tabloid newspaper in Serbia. Founded in 1996, ''Blic'' is owned by Ringier Axel Springer Media AG, a joint venture between Ringier media corporation from Switzerland and Axel Springer AG ...
. ''Žiža Antonijević; 23 March 2008''
* Ivica Osim
Ivan Osim (6 May 1941 – 1 May 2022), best known as Ivica Osim, was a Bosnian professional footballer and football manager. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Bosnian football managers of all time and as one of the most influential foo ...
[Nikad nisam skrivao da sam Jugosloven]
(in Bosnian). E-Novine. ''Mario Garber; 19 May 2009''
* Srđa Popović
* Dževad Prekazi
Dževad Prekazi (, , ; born 18 August 1957) is a former footballer who played as a midfielder.
Club career
Born in Mitrovica to ethnic Albanian parents, Prekazi made his first football steps at his local club Remont, being registered for their ...
[Kako preživeti slavu]
(in Serbian). Standard. ''No. 28; 29 November 2006''
* Miljenko Smoje
* Branimir Štulić
Branimir "Johnny" Štulić (born 11 April 1953) is a Yugoslav singer-songwriter, musician and author, best known for being the frontman of the popular Yugoslav rock group Azra. He is known for his charismatic stage performances and inspiring song ...
[Тивка војна меѓу Србија и Хрватска за Џони Штулиќ!?]
(in Macedonian). Večer . ''05-11-2009''
* Bogdan Tanjević
* Dubravka Ugrešić
Dubravka Ugrešić (; born 27 March 1949) is a Yugoslav and later Croatian writer. A graduate of University of Zagreb, she has been based in Amsterdam since 1996 and refuses to identify as a Croatian writer.
Early life and education
Ugrešić ...
* Jovan Vavic
* Duško Vujošević
* Milić Vukašinović[Tifa: Navijam za mog Miću]
(in Serbian). Blic
''Blic'' (Cyrillic: Блиц, ) is a daily middle-market tabloid newspaper in Serbia. Founded in 1996, ''Blic'' is owned by Ringier Axel Springer Media AG, a joint venture between Ringier media corporation from Switzerland and Axel Springer AG ...
. ''M. Radojković; 4 March 2008''[Sve za razvrat i blud]
(in Serbian). Glas Javnosti
''Glas javnosti'' (Глас јавности, meaning "Voice of the Public") was a daily newspaper published in Belgrade. After publishing a newspaper from April 1998 until January 2010, the people behind the project have since then run an online ...
. ''P. Dragosavac; 17 September 1999''
Symbols
The probably most frequently used symbol of the Yugoslavs to express their identity and to which they are most often associated with is the blue-white-red tricolor flag with a yellow-bordered red star in the flag's center,[U Crnoj Gori oko 1.000 Jugoslovena, 100 Turaka, 130 Njemaca...]
(in Montenegrin). Vijesti. ''Vijesti online; 12 July 2011'' which also served as the national flag of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1945 and 1991.
Prior to World War II, the symbol of Yugoslavism was a plain tricolor flag of blue, white, and red, which was also the national flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The flag of Yugoslavia / ; sl, zastava Jugoslavije; mk, знаме на Југославија, translit=zname na Jugoslavija was the official flag of the Yugoslav state from 1918 to 1992. The flag's design and symbolism are derived from the ...
, the Yugoslav state
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
in the interwar period
In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...
.
File:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg
File:Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg
Historiography
See also
* Yugoslavism
* Czechoslovaks Czechoslovaks ( cs, Čechoslováci; sk, Československá národnosť) is a designation that was originally designed to refer to a united Czech and Slovak people. It has been used in two connotations, the first in an ethnic or supra-ethnic connotati ...
* Pan-Slavism
* Pan-nationalism
Pan-nationalism (from gr, πᾶν, "all", and french: nationalisme, "nationalism") is a specific term, used mainly in social sciences as a designation for those forms of nationalism that aim to transcend (overcome, expand) traditional boundari ...
* Meta-ethnicity
* Ethnogenesis
* Multiculturalism
* Demographics of Yugoslavia
* Yugo-nostalgia
* Titoism
Notes
References
Sources
*
*
*
*
Further reading
*
External links
Yugoslav club in Serbia
/small>">h/small>
{{Authority control
*
South Slavs
Slavic ethnic groups
Ethnic groups in the Balkans
Ethnic groups in Serbia
Ethnic groups in Vojvodina
Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ethnic groups in Slovenia