Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County (; Hani: ) is a county of south-central

Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...

province, People's Republic of China. The county seat is the town of

Lijiang Lijiang (), also known as Likiang, is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China. It has an area of and had a population of 1,253,878 at the 2020 census whom 288,787 lived in the built-up area (metro) made of Gucheng ...

(), while the county itself is under the administration of

Yuxi Yuxi () is a prefecture-level city in the central part of Yunnan province of the People's Republic of China. The administrative center of Yuxi is Hongta District. Yuxi is approximately south of Kunming. Geography Yuxi is located in the center ...

City. It derives its name from the

Red River (Asia) The Red River, also known as the Hong River (; vi, Sông Hồng; Chữ Nôm: 瀧紅; Chữ Hán: 紅河), the ' and ' (lit. "Mother River") in Vietnamese, and the (, ' Nguyên Giang) in Chinese, is a -long river that flows from ...

, which is known as the Yuan River () in Yunnan, and is an important provincial crossroads for access to Southeast Asia.

Administrative divisions

Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County has 3 subdistricts, 2 towns and 5 townships. ;3 subdistricts * Honghe () *

() * Ganzhuang () ;2 towns *

Manlai Manlai () is a town in Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 31,580 and an area of . Administrative division As of 2016, the town is divided into one community and eleven villages ...

() *

Yinyuan Yinyuan () is a town in Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 28,739 and an area of . Administrative division As of 2016, the town is divided into two communities and seven villag ...

() ;5 townships

Climate

Due to its location at the bottom of a deep mountainous river valley, Yuanjiang lies at the junction of three different climate types, namely the

tropical savanna climate Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories ''Aw'' (for a dry winter) and ''As'' (for a dry summer). The driest month has less than of p ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...

''Aw''),

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...

(Köppen ''Cwa'') and, uniquely for China, the hot subtype of a

semi-arid climate A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-ar ...

(Köppen ''Bsh''). There are two main seasons: a

dry season The dry season is a yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics. The weather in the tropics is dominated by the tropical rain belt, which moves from the northern to the southern tropics and back over the course of the year. The te ...

lasting from late November to early April, with mostly warm and dry weather (and the occasional cold snap) and the wet season covering May through September. The coolest months are December and January, which each average , and the hottest is June, at .

Ethnic groups

Hani

The ''Yuanjiang County Gazetteer'' (1993:81) lists the following Hani subgroups. *Hani 哈尼 (autonyms: Hani 哈尼, Nuomei 糯美, Nuobi 糯比) *Haoni 豪尼 (exonyms: Haoni 豪尼, Duota 多塔, Asuo 阿梭, Budu 布都, Kaduo 卡多, Biyue 碧约, Ximoluo 西摩洛, Baihong 白宏) A Hani variety called ''ɣa21 lo55'' (orthography: ''Hhalo''; also known as Angluo) is also spoken in Yuanjiang County.Bradley, David. 2001. ''Northern Hani dialects''. Paper presented at ICSTLL 34, Kunming, China, 24–28 October 2001. The Duoke 堕课 subgroup of the

Hani people The Hani or Ho people ( Hani: ''Haqniq''; zh, c=哈尼族, p=Hānízú; vi, Người Hà Nhì / 𠊛何贰) are a Lolo-speaking ethnic group in Southern China and Northern Laos and Vietnam. They form one of the 56 officially recognized na ...

are located in two hamlets of Xiaogancha 小甘岔 and Xinzhai 新寨 villages near Mili Village 咪哩村 (Li & Minta 2016:8).

Yi

The ''Yuanjiang County Gazetteer'' (1993:89) lists the following Yi subgroups. *Niesu 聂苏 *Shansu 山苏 *Bula 卜拉 *Lalu 腊鲁

Dai

The ''Yuanjiang County Gazetteer'' (1993:94) lists the following Dai subgroups and their respective locations. *Dai Le 傣泐 (Water Dai 水傣): Manlai 曼来, Mandan 曼但, Manyang 曼漾, Manfei 曼费, Manzhangna 曼章那, Manliangfei 曼梁费, Linliang 琳琅, Doulang 都郎, Xiaoyan 小燕, Longtan 龙潭, Zhega 者嘎, Lijiang 澧江 *Dai Zhong 傣仲 (Large-Headed Flowery-Waist Dai 大头花腰傣): Dashuiping 大水平, Dabaitian 大白田, Longdong 龙洞, Nalu 那路, Lizhishu 荔枝树, Dalu Xinzhai 大路新寨, Nawai 那整, Shagoutou 沙沟头 *Dai Ya 傣雅 (Small-Headed Flowery-Waist Dai 小头花腰傣): Ximencun 西门村, Lvlintian 绿林田, Tincun 新村, Shuanggao 双高, Gaokan 高坎, Xiaohongmiao 小红庙 *Dai De 傣得 (Dong'e Flowery-Waist Dai 东峨花腰傣): Dong'eba 东峨坝 *Dai Zhang 傣涨 (Ganzhuang Flowery-Waist Dai 甘庄花腰傣): Ganzhuangba 甘庄坝 *Dai Ka 傣卡 (Chinese Dai 汉傣): Cuoke 撮科, Nancha 南岔, Nanma 南马, Nansa 南洒, Reshuitang 热水塘, Xizhuang 西庄 *Dai Lang 傣郎 (Black Dai 黑傣): Gaozhai 高寨, Yangmahe 养马河

Bai

The ''Yuanjiang County Gazetteer'' (1993:100) lists the following locations for ethnic Bai. *Yinyuan District 因远区: Sanjia 三甲, Anren 安仁, Anding 安定, Shapu 沙铺, Beize 北泽, Tingqing 廷庆, Benkang 奔扛, Malucun 马鹿村, Budie 补垤

Languages

Bai (2010:148) lists the following languages spoken in Yinyuan Town 因远镇, Yuanjiang County. *

Baihong language Baihong () is a Southern Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is spoken in Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County, Lüchun County Lüchun County () is located in ...

: in Wulong 乌龙 * Suobi language: in Yuga 玉嘎 *

Honi language The Honi language (豪尼語), also known as Haoni, Baihong, Hao-Bai, or Ho, is a language of the Loloish (Yi) branch of the Tibeto-Burman linguistic group spoken in Yunnan, China. The Chinese government groups speakers of this language into th ...

: in Anding Xinzhai 安定新寨 *

Biyo language Piyo (Biyo, Biyue; ' (Jing 2015:11)) is a Loloish language of China. The people are ethnic Hani, and the "Bi-Ka" varieties (Biyo, Kaduo, Enu) are traditionally considered dialects of Hani. However, in the classifications of Bradley (2007) and La ...

: in Cangfang 仓房 *

Bai language The Bai language (Bai: ; ) is a language spoken in China, primarily in Yunnan Province, by the Bai people. The language has over a million speakers and is divided into three or four main dialects. Bai syllables are always open, with a rich set ...

: in Anren 安仁 *

Southwestern Mandarin Southwestern Mandarin (), also known as Upper Yangtze Mandarin (), is a Mandarin Chinese language spoken in much of Southwest China, including in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guizhou, most parts of Hubei, the northwestern part of Hunan, the northe ...

: in Yinyuanjie 因远街http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=252382

Transport

China National Highway 213 China National Highway 213 (G213) runs from Ceke, Inner Mongolia, to Mohan, on the border with Laos, in Yunnan. It is in length and runs via Chengdu, Sichuan and Kunming, Yunnan. Before the 2013 Highway Planning, the route started in Lanzhou ...

References

External links

Yuanjiang County Official Website
{{authority control County-level divisions of Yuxi Hani autonomous counties Dai autonomous counties Yi autonomous counties Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County