Aisin Gioro Yoto (克勤郡王 岳託; 26 February 1599 – 11 February 1639) was a
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
imperial prince and
Nurhaci
Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing (), was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. A member of the House of Aisin-Gioro, he reigned ...
's grandson. Yoto became the first bearer of the
Prince Keqin
Prince Keqin of the Second Rank (Manchu: ; ''doroi bahame kicembi giyūn wang''), or simply Prince Keqin, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). It was also one of the 12 "iron-cap" pr ...
peerage as Prince Cheng of the First Rank. He was demoted two ranks for committing a grave offence and posthumously granted a title of Prince Keqin of the Second Rank. After his death, the peerage was twice renamed until 1778, when the peerage was granted iron-cap status, which meant that each successive bearer of the title would hold undiminished title vis-a-vis his predecessor.
Life
Yoto was born on 26 February 1599 as
Daišan
Daišan (Manchu: ; 19 August 1583 – 25 November 1648) was an influential Manchu prince and statesman of the Qing dynasty.
Family background
Daišan was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the second son of Nurhaci, the founder of the ...
's eldest son. His mother was primary consort, lady Ligiya. He was raised by his grandfather since young and became a member of
Bordered Red Banner
The Bordered Red Banner () was one of the Eight Banners of the Manchu military and society among the lower five banners during the Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China.General annals of the Eight Banners.vol 30
Members
* Cuigiya Lianyuan
* Co ...
at the age of 7. In 1621, he and Degelei stopped an attack of Ming forces led by Li Bingcheng, causing their return to Baitapu.Later on, an ambassador of Khalkha Jarud tribes was killed during his way to Yehe valley. In 1626, he was awarded a title of third-ranking prince (beile) for conquering Khakha together with
Abatai
Abatai (Manchu: ; 27 July 1589 – 10 May 1646) was a Manchu prince and military general of the early Qing dynasty. Although an inconsistent and dissolute malcontent, he nevertheless showed considerable ability as a military leader and a ...
and Degelei. In 1627,he participated in
Later Jin invasion of Joseon
The Later Jin invasion of Joseon occurred in early 1627 when the Later Jin prince Amin led an invasion of the Joseon Dynasty. The war ended after three months with the Later Jin establishing itself as sovereign tributary overlord over Joseon. ...
together with
Amin and
Jirgalang
Jirgalang or Jirhalang (Manchu: 19 November 1599 – June 11, 1655) was a Manchu noble, regent, and political and military leader of the early Qing dynasty. Born in the Aisin Gioro clan, he was the sixth son of Šurhaci, a younger brother of ...
. He was responsible for signature of separatistic peace treaty with king of
Joseon
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...
, which resulted in pillaging of
Pyongyang
Pyongyang (, , ) is the capital and largest city of North Korea, where it is known as the "Capital of the Revolution". Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. According to the 2008 populatio ...
by Amin. In 1631, when
Six Ministries
The Three Departments and Six Ministries () system was the primary administrative structure in imperial China from the Sui dynasty (581–618) to the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It was also used by Balhae (698–926) and Goryeo (918–1392) an ...
were established by
Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin ...
, Yoto was tasked with overseeing the
Ministry of War. Yoto was the main architect behind the mobilisation of
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...
people to
Eight Banners
The Eight Banners (in Manchu language, Manchu: ''jakūn gūsa'', ) were administrative and military divisions under the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin and Qing dynasty, Qing dynasties of China into which all Manchu people, Manchu households ...
by requesting Hong Taiji to properly take care of Han people. Yoto fell ill after the invasion of
Shanxi
Shanxi (; ; formerly romanised as Shansi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region. The capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-lev ...
. However, he consolidated Qing power over
Tumed
The Tümed (Tumad, ; "The many or ten thousands" derived from Tumen) are a Mongol subgroup. They live in Tumed Left Banner, district of Hohhot and Tumed Right Banner, district of Baotou in China. Most engage in sedentary agriculture, living in m ...
and Khalkha after ambushing Boshoktu han's forces and signing a peace treaty with indigenous leaders. In 1636, Yoto was granted a title of Prince Cheng of the First Rank (, 'cheng' meaning 'accomplished, perfect'). Yoto was demoted to the third-ranking prince shortly after being sentenced by the council of princes to death. Nonetheless, Hong Taiji didn't revoke a decree appointing Yoto as the Minister of War and delayed his execution. The demotion of Yoto affected his relationship with
Daišan
Daišan (Manchu: ; 19 August 1583 – 25 November 1648) was an influential Manchu prince and statesman of the Qing dynasty.
Family background
Daišan was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the second son of Nurhaci, the founder of the ...
. In 1637, Yoto was demoted to the Prince of the Fourth Rank for absence at the court session. He was restored as beile in the next year. In 1639, when
Dorgon
Dorgon (, ; 17 November 1612 – 31 December 1650), was a Manchu prince and regent of the early Qing dynasty. Born in the House of Aisin-Gioro as the 14th son of Nurhaci (the founder of the Later Jin dynasty, predecessor of the Qing dynasty) ...
led conquest of Shenjing, Hong Taiji asked about Yoto. On 11 February 1639, Yoto died in Jinan.
Family
Yoto's second primary consort was lady Hada Nara, daughter of Urgudai and Mangguji, Nurhaci's third daughter by Fuca Gundei. Some sources claim that the marriage was planned by
Manggūltai
Manggūltai (; ; 1587 – 11 January 1633) was a Manchu noble and an important military and political leader in the early years of the Qing dynasty. He helped Hong Taiji consolidate his power by handing over his Plain Blue Banner to Taiji's. ...
as the rehabilitation of his crimes. He was succeeded by the eldest son
Lolohun
Lolohun (多罗衍禧介郡王 罗洛浑;1 April 1623 – 11 September 1646) was Qing dynasty imperial prince as the first son of Yoto, Daišan's grandson and Nurhaci's great grandson. Lolohun was the second holder of the Prince Keqin of the Sec ...
.
* Princess Consort, of the Nara clan
**
Lolohun
Lolohun (多罗衍禧介郡王 罗洛浑;1 April 1623 – 11 September 1646) was Qing dynasty imperial prince as the first son of Yoto, Daišan's grandson and Nurhaci's great grandson. Lolohun was the second holder of the Prince Keqin of the Sec ...
, Prince Yanxijie of the Second Rank (多罗衍禧介郡王 罗洛浑;1 April 1623 – 11 September 1646), first son
** Karcuhun, Prince Xianrong of the Third Rank (多罗显荣贝勒 喀尔楚浑), third son
** Basiha, Duke of the Second Rank (辅国恪思公 巴思哈), fifth son
** Hulibu, General of the First Rank (鎮國將軍 呼里布), sixth son
** Princess of the Second Rank (和硕公主; 1615-1637), first daughter
*** Married Manzhuxili of the
Khorchin
The Khorchin ( mn, Хорчин, ''Horçin''; ''Qorčin''; ) are a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in northeastern Inner Mongolia of China.
History
The Ming dynasty gave Borjigin p ...
Borjigin clan in 1628
** Second daughter
*** Married Bilaxi of the
Borjigin clan
** Third daughter
*** Married Prince of the Fourth Rank Seling of the Barin
Borjigin clan
* Princess Consort, of the
Hada Nara clan
** Baruchun, Prince Hehui of the Third Rank (多罗和惠贝勒 巴尔楚浑)
** Sixth daughter
*** Married Darhan Joliketu Badun of the Khorchin Borjigin clan and had issue (one daughter: Princess Consort Pingbi of the Second Rank).
References
Further reading
*
{{Yizheng wang
Qing dynasty imperial princes
Prince Keqin
Deliberative Princes and Ministers