Yorgia Waggoneri

''Yorgia waggoneri'' is a discoid Ediacaran organism. It has a low, segmented body consisting of a short wide "head", no appendages, and a long body region, reaching a maximum length of . It is classified within the extinct animal phylum Proarticulata.

Etymology

The generic name ''Yorgia'' comes from the Yorga river on the Zimnii Bereg (Winter Coast) of the White Sea, where the first specimens were found. The specific name ''Yorgia waggoneri'' honors the American paleontologist Ben Waggoner, who found the first specimen.

Morphology

The body plan of the ''Yorgia'' and other proarticulates is unusual for solitary (non-colonial) metazoans. These bilateral organisms have segmented metameric bodies, but left and right transverse elements (isomers) are organized in an alternating pattern relatively to the axis of the body – they are not direct mirror images. This phenomenon is described as the symmetry of glide reflection, which is a characteristic also found in the similar ''Spriggina''. Some proarticulates (''Yorgia'', ''Archaeaspinus'') demonstrate obvious asymmetry of left and right parts of the body. ''Yorgia’s'' initial isomer (on the right side, nearest the head) is the only one that extends across the median dividing left and right sides.Ivantsov, A.Y. (2004
"Vendian Animals in the Phylum Proarticulata"
The Rise and Fall of the Vendian Biota. IGSP Project 493. Abstracts. Prato, Italy, p. 52. This lack of true bilateral symmetry, along with other considerations, has led some scientists to suspect that the organism falls in a sister group to the eumetazoa (i.e. all animals except Parazoa).

The integument of the dorsal side were unsegmented and covered with small tubercles, same as with Cephalonega, ''Lossinia'', ''Archaeaspinus'' and some ''Dickinsonia''.

Fossil record

Imprints of the ''Yorgia waggoneri'' have been found in the rocks of Vendian period (Ediacaran) White sea region of Russia, dated around 555.5 Ma. and ''Yorgia'' sp. has been found in the Central Urals

of Russia and Flinders Ranges, Australia.
Most body imprints of ''Yorgia'' have in the past been primarily preserved on the sole of sandstone beds in negative relief.
Other ''Yorgia'' fossils show internal structure in the original organism, showing two symmetrical rows of nodules, a central tube, rib-like tubes, and a semicircular shape with a hole in the circle centre positioned towards the head end. This structure has been interpreted as the impression of gonads, intestine and mouth.

Trace fossils

Some fossils appear as chains of positive imprints (the ichnospecies ''Epibaion waggoneris''), terminated by the negative imprint of the animal. Such positive imprints are confined to the "elephant skin" surface texture that is interpreted as the remains of a microbial film. They have been interpreted as the feeding tracks produced as ''Yorgia'' fed on the surface of the microbial mat that lined the sea floor. Grazing of that bacterial film could have been accomplished by the work of numerous hair-like organs, cilia, located on the ventral side of the body, which caught and transported particles of the food substrate into the special elongated pockets arranged on the borders between the isomers. Chevron-like marks on the positive imprints have been taken as evidence of this cilia activity. This feeding habit is unknown in post-Ediacaran deposits.

Taphonomic details revealed in ''Yorgia'' allow interpretation of the chains of positive imprints of other proarticulates as grazing traces, as opposed to trails created as organisms were swept along the sea floor by currents. In addition to ''Yorgia'', two fossil taxa, ''Epibaion'' and ''Phyllozoon'', seem to have produced similar grazing traces. Small groups of positive body imprints are documented for ''Dickinsonia costata'' as well and ''Dickinsonia cf. tenuis''.

See also

* List of Ediacaran genera

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q141203

Cephalozoa
Ediacaran life
Fossils of Russia
White Sea fossils