Yevgenia Yakovlevna Bugoslavskaya (21 December 1899 – 30 May 1960) was a

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, g ...

. She had a lifelong career in astronomy and became professor of astronomy at

Moscow University M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...

. Alternative spelling of her name, Evgeniia Iakovlevna Bugoslavskaia.

Life

Bugoslavskaya was born in Moscow. She grew up in the Moscow suburbs and had an early enthusiasm for astronomy. As teenagers she and her twin sister Natalia paid many visits to the

observatory An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysical, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed. His ...

of the Moscow Society of Folk Universities located in the Lubjanca district which was open to the public as part of an educational programme. She was also a recreational pianist and singer. In 1924 she graduated from

Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...

. In 1925–1928 she undertook postgraduate studies at the Astronomical and Geodetic Institute at Moscow State University. In 1928–1932 she worked in the

geodetic Geodesy ( ) is the Earth science of accurately measuring and understanding Earth's figure (geometric shape and size), orientation in space, and gravity. The field also incorporates studies of how these properties change over time and equivale ...

institute, and from 1932 at the

Sternberg Astronomical Institute The Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Государственный астрономический институт имени Штернберга in Russian), also known as GAISh (ГАИШ), is a research institution in Moscow, Russia, a divisi ...

(SAI). Beginning in 1934 she taught at Moscow State University and from 1949 was professor there.

Work

She did major works in the field of photographic

astrometry Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. It provides the kinematics and physical origin of the Solar System and this galaxy, the Milky Way. His ...

and studies of the Sun . She determined (1936–1937) the proper motions of stars in the eastern branch of the dark nebulae of

Perseus In Greek mythology, Perseus (Help:IPA/English, /ˈpɜːrsiəs, -sjuːs/; Greek language, Greek: Περσεύς, Romanization of Greek, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of Mycenae and of the Perseid dynasty. He was, alongside Cadmus ...

Taurus Taurus is Latin for 'bull' and may refer to: * Taurus (astrology), the astrological sign * Taurus (constellation), one of the constellations of the zodiac * Taurus (mythology), one of two Greek mythological characters named Taurus * '' Bos tauru ...

and the Orion Nebula . She studied observations of

double stars In observational astronomy, a double star or visual double is a pair of stars that appear close to each other as viewed from Earth, especially with the aid of optical telescopes. This occurs because the pair either forms a binary star (i.e. a bi ...

using a 38 cm

astrograph An astrograph (or astrographic camera) is a telescope designed for the sole purpose of astrophotography. Astrographs are mostly used in wide-field astronomical surveys of the sky and for detection of objects such as asteroids, meteors, a ...

. She was one of the leaders of the expedition which monitored the

solar corona A corona ( coronas or coronae) is the outermost layer of a star's atmosphere. It consists of plasma. The Sun's corona lies above the chromosphere and extends millions of kilometres into outer space. It is most easily seen during a total solar ...

at various points of the USSR during the total solar eclipse on June 19, 1936. She was involved in the processing of observations made with a view to establishing the structure of the corona and the fact of its rotation.IG Kolchinsky. Astronomers. – Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1986 She was one of the leaders of observations during total

solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...

s of

1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...

, 1952 and

1954 Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The fir ...

participating in the processing of observations. She studied the fine structure of the solar corona and its inner movements based on eclipse data between 1887–1941 . She worked on equipping the SAI Observatory on the Lenin Hills with modern equipment. She is the author of the Russian astronomy textbook "Photographic astrometry". A crater on the

planet Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never fa ...

is named ''Bugoslavskaya'' in her honour.

References

Sources

Reports on Astronomy
edited by Jacqueline Bergeron, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012 . Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. * Bronshten, Vitali A., and Mikhail M. Dagaev. Evgeniia Iakovlevna Bugoslavskaia. ''In'' Vsesoiuznoe astronomo-geodezicheskoe obshchestvo. Biulleten', no. 29 (36), 1961: 57–59. port. QB1.V752, no. 29 (36) * Bugoslavskaia, Evgeniia Iakovlevna. ''In'' Kolchinskii, Il'ia G., Alla A. Korsun', and Modest G. Rodriges. Astronomy; biograficheskii spravochnik. Izd. 2, dop. i perer. Kiev, Naukova dumka, 1986. p. 58–59. port. QB35.K58 1986 * Evgeniia Iakovlevna Bugoslavskaia (1899–1960). ''In'' Astronomicheskii kalendar'. Peremennaia ch. vyp. 64; 1961. Moskva, Gos. izd-vo fiziko – matematicheskoi literatury, 1960. p. 317–318. port. QB9.A75, 1961 {{DEFAULTSORT:Bugoslavskaya, Yevgenia Soviet astronomers Women astronomers Soviet academics 1899 births 1960 deaths Moscow State University alumni Moscow State University faculty Soviet women scientists