Yeniseysk-15 was the site of a disputed

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

phased array radar A phaser is an electronic sound processor used to filter a signal, and it has a series of troughs in its frequency-attenutation graph. The position (in Hz) of the peaks and troughs are typically modulated by an internal low-frequency oscillat ...

near

Yeniseysk Yeniseysk ( rus, Енисейск, p=jɪnʲɪˈsʲejsk) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. Population: 20,000 (1970). History Yeniseysk was founded in 1619 as a stockaded town—the first town on the Yenisei ...

Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai ( rus, Красноя́рский край, r=Krasnoyarskiy kray, p=krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk, the third-largest city in Siber ...

, Siberia. The never operational

Daryal radar The Daryal-type radar () (NATO: Pechora) is a Soviet bistatic early-warning radar. It consists of two separate large active phased-array antennas separated by around to . The transmitter array is and the receiver is in size. The system is a ...

installation was demolished in 1989 after the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

claimed it was in breach of the

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty or ABMT) (1972–2002) was an arms control treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against ballis ...

Daryal radar

The radar being built at Yeniseysk was a Daryal-U (NATO codename "Pechora"), a large phased array radar consisting of two separate large phased-array antennas apart. The transmitter array was and the receiver was in size. The system is a

VHF Very high frequency (VHF) is the ITU designation for the range of radio frequency electromagnetic waves (radio waves) from 30 to 300 megahertz (MHz), with corresponding wavelengths of ten meters to one meter. Frequencies immediately below VHF ...

system operating at a

wavelength In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. It is the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase on the wave, such as two adjacent crests, tro ...

of 1.5 to 2 meters (150 to 200 MHz). The claimed range of a Daryal installation is . Originally, at least seven Daryal facilities were planned, however, only the first two facilities completed,

Pechora Pechora (russian: Печо́ра; kv, Печӧра, ''Pećöra'') is a town in the Komi Republic, Russia, located on the Pechora River, west of and near the northern Ural Mountains. The area of the town is . Population: History Pechora wa ...

and Gabala, were ever operational. Two other Daryal-U type were to be built at Balkhash and Mishelevka,

Irkutsk Irkutsk ( ; rus, Иркутск, p=ɪrˈkutsk; Buryat language, Buryat and mn, Эрхүү, ''Erhüü'', ) is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. With a population of 617,473 as of the 2010 Census, Irkutsk is ...

, neither were completed before the collapse of the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

Location

The Soviet Union started a programme to replace all

Dnepr Dnepr may refer to: *Dnieper, a river flowing through Russia, Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea * Dnepr (motorcycle), a Ukraininan motocycle brand * Dnepr (rocket), a 1999 space launch vehicle *Dnepr radar Dnepr may refer to: *Dnieper, a river ...

(NATO: Hen House) radars with the intention that this would be complete by the mid 1990s and five Daryals were under construction by 1983. The early warning system had a gap as it did not cover submarine launches of

ballistic missile A ballistic missile is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver warheads on a target. These weapons are guided only during relatively brief periods—most of the flight is unpowered. Short-range ballistic missiles stay within the ...

s in the

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

. A radar site was needed that would face north east covering this area. The 1972 anti-ballistic missile treaty placed restrictions on the location of early warning radars. Article VI b) states that the United States and the Soviet Union agree: :not to deploy in the future radars for early warning of strategic ballistic missile attack except at locations along the periphery of its national territory and oriented outward. Initially the manufacturers recommended two sites,

Norilsk Norilsk ( rus, Нори́льск, p=nɐˈrʲilʲsk, ''Norílʹsk'') is a closed city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located south of the western Taymyr Peninsula, around 90 km east of the Yenisey River and 1,500 km north of Krasnoyarsk. Norilsk i ...

and

Yakutsk Yakutsk (russian: Якутск, p=jɪˈkutsk; sah, Дьокуускай, translit=Djokuuskay, ) is the capital city of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located about south of the Arctic Circle. Fueled by the mining industry, Yakutsk has become one of ...

, both of which were compliant with the treaty. They were overruled by the Ministry of Defence on cost grounds and Yeniseysk was selected despite being from the border. It was believed that Yeniseysk, being inland, would provide the coverage of two radars further out. It is also closer to the Siberian industrial region which would make it cheaper as it has good railway and power infrastructure nearby.

Controversy

The Soviet Union announced that the new radar was for

space surveillance Space domain awareness is the study and monitoring of satellites orbiting the earth. It involves the detection, tracking, cataloging and identification of artificial objects, i.e. active/inactive satellites, spent rocket bodies, or fragmentatio ...

rather than for

early warning An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a Poset, chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, Detection theory, event detection and decision support system, decision subsystems for early identi ...

of missile attack, and hence was compliant with the ABM treaty. The radar was given the designation OS-3 (OS-1 was Mishelevka and OS-2 Balkhash) rather than an RO- designation which would be associated with an early warning site. However the radar appeared to be a Daryal radar which were used for ballistic missile early warning as well as space surveillance. The United States complained and construction was halted in 1987. In 1989 the Soviet Union admitted that it was a breach of the treaty and it was demolished.

References

{{reflist, colwidth=33em, refs= {{Cite episode , title = Разрушение Красноярской РЛС he destruction of the Krasnoyarsk radar , url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZjjD5Hymw0 , access-date = 2011-12-23 , series = Ностальгия

ostalgia Bone pain (also known medically by #Names, several other names) is pain coming from a bone, and is caused by damaging stimuli. It occurs as a result of a wide range of diseases or physical conditions or both, and may severely impair the quality o ...

, credits = Presenter: Игорь Воеводин gor Voevodin , network = Pravda , airdate = 2011-03-21 , language = ru , archive-date = 2011-11-12 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111112135034/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZjjD5Hymw0 , url-status = live {{Cite web , url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/yeniseysk.htm , title = Yeniseysk (Krasnoyarsk) , access-date = 2011-12-22 , date = n.d. , publisher = GlobalSecurity.org , archive-date = 2012-05-23 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120523125946/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/yeniseysk.htm , url-status = live {{Cite web , url = https://1997-2001.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/abm/abm2.html , title = TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON THE LIMITATION OF ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEMS , access-date = 2012-01-21 , year = 1972 , archive-date = 2011-10-21 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111021163936/http://1997-2001.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/abm/abm2.html , url-status = live {{Cite book , last1 = Bukharin , first1 = Oleg , last2 = Kadyshev , first2 = Timur , last3 = Miasnikov , first3 = Eugene , last4 = Podvig , first4 = Pavel , last5 = Sutyagin , first5 = Igor , last6 = Tarashenko , first6 = Maxim , last7 = Zhelezov , first7 = Boris , editor1-last = Podvig , editor1-first = Pavel , title = Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces , year = 2001 , isbn = 0-262-16202-4 , publisher = MIT Press , location = Cambridge, Massachusetts {{Cite journal , first = Pavel , last = Podvig , year = 2002 , title = History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System , journal = Science and Global Security , volume = 10 , issue = 1 , pages = 21–60 , issn = 0892-9882 , doi = 10.1080/08929880212328 , bibcode = 2002S&GS...10...21P , s2cid = 122901563 , url = http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20734/Podvig-S&GS.pdf , access-date = 2021-07-12 , archive-date = 2012-03-15 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315024323/http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20734/Podvig-S%26GS.pdf , url-status = dead {{Cite book , last = Zaloga , first = Steven , author-link = Steven Zaloga , title = The Kremlin's Nuclear Sword: The Rise and Fall of Russia's Strategic Nuclear Forces 1945-2000 , year = 2002 , isbn = 978-1588340078 , publisher = Smithsonian Institution Press , location = Washington, DC {{Cite web , url = https://www.panoramio.com/photo/5016191 , title = jenisseisk 15 , medium = photograph , access-date = 2012-05-01 , author = josef s , year = 2007 , archive-date = 2016-03-04 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080506/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/5016191 , url-status = live {{Cite web , url = http://www.structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/cosmic/weapons/more.htm?id=10342862@morfMilitaryModel , script-title = ru:Радиолокационная станция "Дарьял" , trans-title = Radar Daryal , access-date = 2012-02-08 , language = ru , publisher = Russian Ministry of Defence , date = n.d. , archive-date = 2013-01-24 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130124074206/http://structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/cosmic/weapons/more.htm?id=10342862%40morfMilitaryModel , url-status = live Russian Space Forces Russian and Soviet military radars Military installations of the Soviet Union Soviet Union–United States relations Demolished buildings and structures in Russia Buildings and structures demolished in 1989