Yengisar County
[, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency] (also known as Yangi Hissar); via
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin (; ) is a group of Chinese (Sinitic) dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of the phonology of Standard Chinese, the official language of ...
known as Yingjisha
[, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency] (Ying-chi-sha), is a county in the southwest of the
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ...
. It is under the administration of the
Kashgar Prefecture
Kashgar Prefecture, also known as Kashi Prefecture, is located in southwestern Xinjiang, China, located in the Tarim Basin region (roughly the southern half of Xinjiang). It has an area of and 4,499,158 inhabitants at the 2015 census with a pop ...
. It contains an area of . As of the 2002 census, it had a population of 230,000.
The county seat is the city of Yengisar, a town that is best known among the local
Uyghurs
The Uyghurs; ; ; ; zh, s=, t=, p=Wéiwú'ěr, IPA: ( ), alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. The Uyghur ...
for its handmade knives. The finely-tuned skill of knife making used to be passed down among generations in Yengisar, but is slowly dying due to China's strict response to deadly clashes in the Xinjiang region.
History
In 1499,
Ahmad Alaq
Ahmad Alaq ( ug, أحمد; died 1503) was the Khan of Eastern Moghulistan ( Uyghurstan) from 1487 to 1503. He was the second son of Yunus Khan. His mother was Shah Begum, fourth daughter of Badakhshan prince Lali.
Ahmad Alaq was a direct male-l ...
seized
Kashgar
Kashgar ( ug, قەشقەر, Qeshqer) or Kashi ( zh, c=喀什) is an oasis city in the Tarim Basin region of Southern Xinjiang. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan ...
and Yengisar from
Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat
Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat (also Ababakar or Abubekr; died shortly after AH Rajab 920 / Aug-Sept 1514; exact date uncertain; year 1516 indicated by some authors is wrong) was a ruler in South-Western part of present Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ...
.
In 1847 and again in 1857, Kashgar and Yengisar were captured.
In 1882, Yengisar ''Zhili Ting'' () was created.
In 1913, Yengisar ''Zhili Ting'' became Yengisar County.
The
Battle of Yangi Hissar
The Battle of Yangi Hissar () was a confrontation that took place during the Xinjiang Wars. In April 1934 Gen. Ma Zhancang led the New 36th Division in an attack on Uighur forces at Yangi Hissar, wiping out the entire Uighur force of 500 and kil ...
took place here in April 1934, when
Ma Zhancang
Ma Zhancang (, Xiao'erjing: ) was a Hui Chinese Muslim general of the New 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army), who served under Generals Ma Zhongying and Ma Hushan. At the Battle of Kashgar (1933), he repulsed an attack of Uighurs led ...
led the
Chinese Muslim
Islam has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE.. Muslims are a minority group in China, representing 1.6-2 percent of the total population (21,667,000- 28,210,795) according to various estimates. Though Hui Muslims are the most nume ...
36th division to attack the Turkic Muslim
Uighur forces at Yangi Hissar, wiping out the entire Uighur force of 500 and killing the Emir
Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra
Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra ( ug, (Kona Yëziq) نۇر ئەخمەتجان بۇغرا, نور احمد جان بغرا; zh, s=努尔·阿合买提江·布格拉, t=努爾·阿合買提江·布格拉, p=Nǔ'ěr·Āhémǎitíjiāng·Bùgélā; died April 1 ...
.
In 1955,
Barin,
Jamaterek
Jamaterek (, from Mandarin Chinese Jiamatiereke ) is a township of Akto County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Located in the northeastern part of the county, the township covers an area of 44 square kilometers with a population of 11 ...
and
Ujme
Ujme / Ojma ( or Yumai ) is a township of Akto County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Located in the northeast of the county, the township covers an area of 194 square kilometers with a population of 26,107 (as of 2015). It has 15 a ...
were transferred from Yengisar County to
Akto County
Akto County (also known as Aqtu, Aktu, or Aketao; ) is a county in Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The county borders Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan and has two towns, 11 townships, four state-owned far ...
.
In September 2017, Horigul Nasir, then 21, was jailed for ten years for allegedly promoting the wearing of head scarves. Her brother Yusupjan Nasir was subsequently demoted from his position as an assistant officer of the Saghan township police office to a security guard at the township's Family Planning Department.
Administrative Divisions
, Yengisar County included four
towns
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
, ten
townships
A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries.
Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Ca ...
, and two other areas:
Town ( / )
*
Yengisar Town (Yingjisha; / ),
Ulugqat
Ulugqat County (also known as Ulughchat County and Wuqia County; ) is a county in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. It is under the administration of the Kyrgyz autonomous prefecture of Kizilsu. The county has two towns, nine townships ...
(Wuqia, Ulughchat; / , formerly 乌恰乡),
Mangshin (Mangxin; / , formerly / ),
Saghan (Sahan; , formerly / )
Township ( / )
*
Sheher Township (Chengguan; / ),
Qolpan Township (Qiaolepan, Cholpan; / ),
Lompa Township (Longfu; / ),
Siyitle Township (Setili; / 色提力乡),
Yengiyer Township (Yingye'er; / ),
Qizil Township (Kezile; / ),
Topluq Township (Tuopuluke; / ),
Soget Township (Sugaiti; / ),
Egus Township (Aigusi; / ),
Egizyer Township (Yigeziye'er; / / )
Others
*
Yengisar County Dongfeng Farm
Yengisar County, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (also known as Yangi Hissar); via Mandarin Chinese known as Yingjisha, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (Ying-chi-sha), is a county in the southwest of ...
(英吉沙县东风农场), Regiment Dongfeng Farm (兵团东风农场)
Climate
Economy
, there was about 72,700 acres (480,014 ''
mu'') of cultivated land in Yengisar.
Demographics
As of 2015, 297,290 of the 302,542 residents of the county were
Uyghur, 25,404 were
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...
and 851 were from other ethnic groups.
As of 1999, 97.82% of the population of Yengisar (Yingjisha) County was Uyghur and 1.79% of the population was Han Chinese.
Transportation
Yengisar is served by
China National Highway 315 and the
Southern Xinjiang railway.
Wildlife
The city of Yengisar gave its name to
Yangihissar gecko (''Cyrtopodion elongatum'') lizard species, which occurs throughout eastern
Central Asia
Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...
, including Xinjiang and
Gansu Province
Gansu (, ; alternately romanized as Kansu) is a province in Northwest China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, in the southeast part of the province.
The seventh-largest administrative district by area at , Gansu lies between the Tibeta ...
br>
Notable persons
*
Isa Alptekin
Isa Yusuf Alptekin or ʿĪsa Yūsuf Alptekin ( (عيسى يوسف الپتگین or عيسى يوسف الپتكین); Turkish language, Turkish: İsa Yusuf Alptekin; ; 1901 – 17 December 1995), known in China as Ai Sha (), was a Uyghurs, Uygh ...
, Uyghur nationalist
*
Erkin Alptekin
Erkin Alptekin (; ; born 4 July 1939) is a Uyghur activist from Germany. Alptekin is the son of Isa Alptekin, who claimed that during 1933–1934, he was the General Secretary of the First East Turkestan Republic in Western China when in realit ...
, 1st President of the
World Uyghur Congress
The World Uyghur Congress (WUC) is an international organization of exiled Uyghur groups that claims to "represent the collective interest of the Uyghur people" both inside and outside of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's R ...
*
Arken Imirbaki
Arken Imirbaki ( ug, ئاركەن ئىمىرباكى, lat=, zh, s=艾力更·依明巴海, p=Àilìgēng Yīmíngbāhǎi; born September 1953) is a Chinese politician of Uyghur ethnicity.
Biography
Arken was born in September 1953 in Yengis ...
*
Yulbars Khan
Gallery
File:KKH.png, Map of the Karakoram Highway
The Karakoram Highway ( ur, , translit=śāhirāh qarāquram; known by its initials KKH, also known as N-35 or National Highway 35 ( ur, ) or the China-Pakistan Friendship Highway) is a national highway which extends from Hasan Abdal in ...
including Yengisar
File:NJ-43-7 Ying-Chi-Sha, China.jpg, Map including Yengisar (labeled as YING-CHI-SHA) ( ACIC, 1969)
File:STANFORD(1917) p61 PLATE19. SINKIANG (14597194848).jpg, Map including Yengisar (labeled as Yangihissar) (1917)
File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg, Map including Yengisar (labeled as YING-CHI-SHA (YANGI HISSAR)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World
The International Map of the World or IMW (also called the Millionth Map of the World, after its scale of 1:1 000 000) was a project to create a complete map of the world according to internationally agreed standards. It was first proposed by th ...
(AMS AMS or Ams may refer to:
Organizations Companies
* Alenia Marconi Systems
* American Management Systems
* AMS (Advanced Music Systems)
* ams AG, semiconductor manufacturer
* AMS Pictures
* Auxiliary Medical Services
Educational institutions
* A ...
, 1966)
File:Operational Navigation Chart G-7, 6th edition.jpg, From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Yengisar (Ying-chi-sha) ( DMA, 1980)
File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 g-7a.jpg, Map including Yengisar (Ying-chi-sha) ( DMA, 1984)
File:Yengisar Knife Factory.jpg, Yengisar Knife Factory
File:抵达英吉沙县.jpg, Yengisar
File:英吉沙街景 - Streetview of Yengisar County - 2015.04 - panoramio.jpg
Notes
References
{{Coord, 38, 55, 33, N, 76, 10, 17, E, source:trwiki_region:CN-65_type:adm3rd, display=title
County-level divisions of Xinjiang
Populated places along the Silk Road
Kashgar Prefecture