Yekaterina Grigoryevna Barteneva (russian: Екатерина Григорьевна Бартенева, née Bronevskaya ()), born in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

on 6 June 1843, died there 1 September 1914, was a Russian socialist and revolutionary.

Biography

Landowners of noble origin, Yekaterina Barteneva and her husband Viktor Ivanovich Bartenev (1838-1918) left Russia in 1867 for Geneva, where they were part of

Bakunin Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (; 1814–1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist, socialist and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major founder of the revolutionary ...

's anarchist movement for a few years, before joining the Russian section of the

First International The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organisation An international organization or international organisation (see spelling differences), also known as ...

with

Nikolai Utin Nikolai Isaakovitch Utin (, French: Nicolas Outine; 8 August 1841 – 1 December 1883) was a Russian socialist and revolutionary. He spent most of his adult life in Switzerland, where he participated in the founding of the Russian section of the ...

in 1869. The Bartenevs were in Paris during the

Commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

, where they were acquaintances with

Pyotr Lavrov Pyotr Lavrovich Lavrov (russian: Пётр Ла́врович Лавро́в; alias Mirtov (); (June 14 O.S.">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="une 2 Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. 1823 – February 6 anuary 6 O.S. 1900) was a ...

Anne Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female given name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie. Anne is sometimes used as a male name in the ...

and

Victor Jaclard Charles Victor Jaclard (18 December 1840 – 14 April 1903) was a French revolutionary socialist, a member of the First International and of the Paris Commune. Early life Charles Victor Jaclard came from a humble working-class family, but, as a ...

Elisabeth Dmitrieff Elisabeth Dmitrieff (born Elizaveta Lukinichna Kusheleva, , also known as Elizaveta Tomanovskaya; 1 November 1850 – probably between 1916 and 1918) was a Russian revolutionary and feminist activist. The illegitimate daughter of a Russian ari ...

Louise Michel Louise Michel (; 29 May 1830 – 9 January 1905) was a teacher and important figure in the Paris Commune. Following her penal transportation to New Caledonia she embraced anarchism. When returning to France she emerged as an important French a ...

, and

Georges Clemenceau Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (, also , ; 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920. A key figure of the Independent Radicals, he was a ...

, among others. During the fighting, Barteneva assisted wounded Communards. She would later try, unsuccessfully, to publish a memoir of her time in the Commune with ''

Russkoye Bogatstvo ''Russkoye Bogatstvo'' (russian: Русское богатство, Russian Wealth) was a monthly literary and political magazine published in St. Petersburg, Russia, from 1876 to mid-1918. In the early 1890s it served as an organ of the liberal ...

''. After the fall of the Commune, she returned to Saint Petersburg. She worked on liberal journals ''

Otechestvennye Zapiski ''Otechestvennye Zapiski'' ( rus, Отечественные записки, p=ɐˈtʲetɕɪstvʲɪnːɨjɪ zɐˈpʲiskʲɪ, variously translated as "Annals of the Fatherland", "Patriotic Notes", "Notes of the Fatherland", etc.) was a Russian lite ...

'' and ''Delo'', was in contact with members of '' Zemlia i Volia'' and

Narodnaya Volya Narodnaya Volya ( rus, Наро́дная во́ля, p=nɐˈrodnəjə ˈvolʲə, t=People's Will) was a late 19th-century revolutionary political organization in the Russian Empire which conducted assassinations of government officials in an att ...

, and welcomed many populists to her home, such as ,

Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinsky Sergey Mikhaylovich Stepnyak-Kravchinsky (russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Степня́к-Кравчи́нский; July 1, 1851 – 23 December 1895), known in the 19th century London revolutionary circles as Sergius Stepniak, was ...

, Natalya Armfeldt,

Nikolai Kibalchich Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich (russian: Николай Иванович Кибальчич, uk, Микола Іванович Кибальчич, sr, Никола Кибалчић, ''Mykola Ivanovych Kybalchych''; 19 October 1853 – April 3, 188 ...

, Nikolai Morozov, and

Olga Lyubatovich Olga Spiridonovna Lyubatovich (russian: Ольга Спиридоновна Любатович; 1854–1917) was a Russian revolutionary and member of Narodnaya Volya. Biography Early life Lyubatovich was the daughter of an engineer and a polit ...

. She was involved in the dynamiting of a train and hid

Vera Zasulich Vera Ivanovna Zasulich (russian: link=no, Ве́ра Ива́новна Засу́лич; – 8 May 1919) was a Russian socialist activist, Menshevik writer and revolutionary. Radical beginnings Zasulich was born in Mikhaylovka, in the Smol ...

from police after her assassination of Fyodor Trepov. In July 1876, she gave her properties in the provinces of

Kostroma Kostroma ( rus, Кострома́, p=kəstrɐˈma) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. Popu ...

and

Yaroslavl Yaroslavl ( rus, Ярослáвль, p=jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence ...

to the peasants and went to live in Buy with her friend Natalia Armfeldt. In January 1889, she returned to Paris, where she worked in the Russian section of the Exposition Universelle. In July, she attended the first congress of the

Second International The Second International (1889–1916) was an organisation of socialist and labour parties, formed on 14 July 1889 at two simultaneous Paris meetings in which delegations from twenty countries participated. The Second International continued th ...

and was elected secretary. On her return to Saint Petersburg in September, she joined the illegal social democratic circle founded by

Mikhail Brusnev Mikhail Ivanovich Brusnev (Russian: Михаил Иванович Бруснев) (1864–1937) was a Russian people, Russian revolutionary, Marxism, Marxist, explorer and an early leader of the Russian Social Democratic movement from which th ...

and met, among others, Olga and Vladimir Ulyanov (the future

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

). She was under police surveillance and, in 1891, her house was searched and illegal publications were discovered there. Relegated by the tsarist authorities to

Pskov Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=pskov-ru.ogg, p=pskof; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population ...

, she founded a school for workers and a public library there. In August 1898, she was allowed to return to Saint Petersburg. As a member of the

menshevik The Mensheviks (russian: меньшевики́, from меньшинство 'minority') were one of the three dominant factions in the Russian socialist movement, the others being the Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. The factions eme ...

RSDLP The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP; in , ''Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)''), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a socialist pol ...

, she participated in the demonstrations of the

1905 Revolution The Russian Revolution of 1905,. also known as the First Russian Revolution,. occurred on 22 January 1905, and was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. The mass unrest was directed again ...

. Reduced to poverty, she died of cancer on 1 September 1914 at the for poor women in Saint Petersburg and was buried in Novoderevenskoye cemetery.

Family

Yekaterina Bronevskaya married Viktor Ivanovich Bartenev, an army officer, in 1863. They had three sons, Viktor (born 1864), Grigory (born 1866), and German (born 1881). Viktor became a revolutionary like his parents and was exiled to

Obdorsk Salekhard (russian: Салеха́рд; Khanty: , ''Pułñawat''; yrk, Саляʼ харад, ''Saljaꜧ harad'') is a town in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, serving as the okrug's administrative centre. It crosses the Arctic Circle, th ...

Bibliography

* (ru) Ivan Knijnik-Vetrov, Barteneva, sotsialistka i pisatelnitsa'' arteneva, seltevik is sutesik « Katorga i ssylka », XI, 1929 *

Biography

Family

Bibliography

References

Further reading