Yefim Golyshev ( uk, Юхим Голишев), variously

transliterated Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus '' trans-'' + '' liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → , Cyrillic → , Greek → the digraph , Armenian → or ...

as ''Golyscheff'', ''Golyschev'', ''Golishiff'', ''Golishev'', etc., 8 September 1897 – 25 September 1970) was a

Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...

-born painter and composer who was mainly active in Europe. After a successful career as a child prodigy violinist and the Reger Prize from

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

Stern Conservatory The Stern Conservatory (''Stern'sches Konservatorium'') was a private music school in Berlin with many distinguished tutors and alumni. The school is now part of Berlin University of the Arts. History It was founded in 1850 as the ''Berliner Musi ...

, Golyshev became one of the founding members of the

Dadaist Dada () or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centres in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (in 1916). New York Dada began c. 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris ...

November Group, painting "anti-art" works and creating music for kitchen utensils and various new, invented instruments. In 1933 he had to flee from the

Nazis Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...

, first to

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, then to

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, where he worked as a chemist until 1938. He spent World War II in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, either in prison or hiding. Between 1956 and 1966 Golyshev, lived in

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...

, where he influenced

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

's Música Nova composers. He died in

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in 1970. Golyshev the composer is notable for his only surviving composition, a string trio. This piece, subtitled ''Zwölftondauer-Komplexe'' (twelve-tone-duration complexes), was published in 1925 in Berlin, but was possibly written as early as 1914. It makes use of various 12-note and 12-

duration Duration may refer to: * The amount of time elapsed between two events * Duration (music) – an amount of time or a particular time interval, often cited as one of the fundamental aspects of music * Duration (philosophy) – a theory of time and ...

complexes, making it one of the earliest pieces of music composed using a variant of

twelve-tone technique The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition first devised by Austrian composer Josef Matthias Hauer, who published his "law o ...

, and predating

Olivier Messiaen Olivier Eugène Prosper Charles Messiaen (, ; ; 10 December 1908 – 27 April 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist who was one of the major composers of the 20th century. His music is rhythmically complex; harmonically ...

's work. There are five movements, four provided with titles referencing their dynamics: # ''Mezzo-forte'' (Largo) # ''Fortissimo'' (Allegro) # ''Piano'' (Andante) # ''Pianissimo'' (Allegretto) # ''Adagio'' (Adagio) The dynamics in the last movement are left to the performers to decide on. Copies of the archival score can be ordered directly from

Robert Lienau Robert Emil Lienau (28 December 1838 – 22 July 1920) was a prolific Germany , German music publisher. Lienau was born in Neustadt in Holstein and entered the publishing firm of Adolf Martin Schlesinger in Berlin in 1863. In the following year he ...

, the original publishers of the work. The rest of Golyshev's compositional output, which included two

opera Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librett ...

s, romances, music for

Vsevolod Pudovkin Vsevolod Illarionovich Pudovkin ( rus, Всеволод Илларионович Пудовкин, p=ˈfsʲevələt ɪlərʲɪˈonəvʲɪtɕ pʊˈdofkʲɪn; 16 February 1893 – 30 June 1953) was a Russian and Soviet film director, screenwriter ...

's lost film ''Igdenbu the Great Hunter'', a string quartet and other pieces, is lost. Golyshev provided illustrations for ''Sensorialité Excentrique'', the last book published by

Raoul Hausmann Raoul Hausmann (July 12, 1886 – February 1, 1971) was an Austrian artist and writer. One of the key figures in Berlin Dada, his experimental photographic collages, sound poetry, and institutional critiques would have a profound influence on ...

in 1970.

References

* * Kholopov, Y. N. 1983. ''Кто изобрёл 12-тоновую технику?'' (Kto izobrel 12-tonovuyu tekhniku, "Who invented the 12-tone technique?"), Проблемы истории австро-немецкой музыки. Первая треть XX века. Сб. трудов Института им. Гнесиных М. * Roberts, Peter Deane. 2002. ''Yefim Golyschev'', in ''Music of the Twentieth-century Avant-garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook'', edited by Larry Sitsky and Jonathan D. Kramer, pp. 173–176. Greenwood Publishing Group. , * Simon (Shaw-)Miller, 'Music and Art and the Crisis in Early Modernism: An introduction to some non-serial dodecaphonic techniques' (PhD, Essex, 1988) - also http://see-this-sound.at/en ('performance art') {{DEFAULTSORT:Golyshev, Yefim 1897 births 1970 deaths 20th-century classical composers Ukrainian classical composers Russian artists Ukrainian Jews 20th-century Ukrainian painters 20th-century Ukrainian male artists Male classical composers 20th-century male musicians Ukrainian male painters