Yarmaq was name for Khazar Kaghanate currency. The term for silver coin was '' sheleg'' (it might have direct connection to the term sheqel). The currency was mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years as tribute money for

Vyatichi The Vyatichs or more properly Vyatichi or Viatichi (russian: вя́тичи) were a native tribe of Early East Slavs who inhabited regions around the Oka, Moskva and Don rivers. The Vyatichi had for a long time no princes, but the social struc ...

and other Khazar subjects orv, щеляг, schelyag. Shelegs were probably minted in

Kabir Kabir Das (1398–1518) was a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint. His writings influenced Hinduism's Bhakti movement, and his verses are found in Sikhism's scripture Guru Granth Sahib, the Satguru Granth Sahib of Saint Garib Das ...

( Moxel,

client state A client state, in international relations, is a state that is economically, politically, and/or militarily subordinate to another more powerful state (called the "controlling state"). A client state may variously be described as satellite state, ...

of Khazar Kaghanate) since approximately 5th c AD. The term for the gold coin might be

oka Oka or OKA may refer to: Cars * Oka (automobile), a small car designed by AvtoVAZ and produced by ZMA and SeAZ * OKA 4wd, a large 4-wheel-drive vehicle made in Western Australia by OKA Military * 2B1 Oka, Soviet 420 mm self-propelled mor ...

, as they were minted in the same place and called

( mdf, ока, oka, gold)

Etymology

The term meant mdf, ярмак, yarmak, money since at least early Middle Ages, no other meanings had been attested.

Other versions

Ar- or yar- evolved from the verb "to cut longitudinally, to split", Turkish verb is also co-originating with the

Old Turkic Old Turkic (also East Old Turkic, Orkhon Turkic language, Old Uyghur) is the earliest attested form of the Turkic languages, found in Göktürk and Uyghur Khaganate inscriptions dating from about the eighth to the 13th century. It is the old ...

word ır- or yır- which means the same. The name is similar to Mongolian language word "yaarmag" meaning "market," especially outdoor ones that sell wide variety of goods.

Resources

* Roman K. Kovalev. "What Does Historical Numismatics Suggest About the Monetary History of Khazaria in the Ninth Century? – Question Revisited." ''Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi'' 13 (2004): 97–129. *Roman K. Kovalev. "Creating Khazar Identity through Coins: The Special Issue Dirhams of 837/8." ''East Central and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages'', ed. Florin Curta, pp. 220–253. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2005. * * *

References

Currencies of Europe Currencies of Asia Medieval currencies Khazars {{Coin-stub

Etymology

Other versions

Resources

See also

References