A Yaranga ( Chukchi: Яраӈы, ''Yarangy'') is a

tent A tent () is a shelter consisting of sheets of fabric or other material draped over, attached to a frame of poles or a supporting rope. While smaller tents may be free-standing or attached to the ground, large tents are usually anchored using gu ...

-like

traditional A tradition is a belief or behavior (folk custom) passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. A component of cultural expressions and folklore, common examples include holidays or ...

mobile home of some

nomad A nomad is a member of a community without fixed habitation who regularly moves to and from the same areas. Such groups include hunter-gatherers, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), tinkers and trader nomads. In the twentieth century, the popu ...

ic Northern indigenous peoples of Russia, such as Chukchi and

Siberian Yupik Siberian Yupiks, or Yuits (russian: Юиты), are a Yupik peoples, Yupik people who reside along the coast of the Chukchi Peninsula in the far Russian Far East, northeast of the Russia, Russian Federation and on St. Lawrence Island in Alask ...

. A Yaranga is a cone-shaped or rounded reindeer-hide tent. It is built of a light wooden frame covered with

reindeer Reindeer (in North American English, known as caribou if wild and ''reindeer'' if domesticated) are deer in the genus ''Rangifer''. For the last few decades, reindeer were assigned to one species, ''Rangifer tarandus'', with about 10 subspe ...

skins or canvas sewn together. The word ''yaranga'' comes from the Chukchi word for house: ''jaraŋə'' (Cyrillic: яраӈы). In Russian use, the terms chum,

yurt A yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger ( Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered and insulated with skins or felt and traditionally used as a dwelling by several distinct nomadic groups in the steppes and mountains of Central Asia. ...

and yaranga may be used interchangeably.

Chauchu Chukchi

It is built of a light wooden frame covered with

skins sewn together. A medium-size yaranga requires about 50 skins. A large yaranga is hard to completely heat up. There is a smaller cabin called a polog built inside it, that can be kept warm and cozy.

Siberian Yupik and Anqallyt Chukchi

The most numerous of the

peoples, the Chaplino Eskimos (Ungazigmit) had a round, dome-shaped building for winter. Literature refers to it as a "yaranga", the same term which the Chukchi people use, but the term used in the Chaplino Eskimos' language is mengteghaq (, extended Cyrillic: мыӈтыӷаӄ). Рубцова 1954: 514 Its framework was made of posts. Рубцова 1954: 515

Tarpaulin A tarpaulin ( , ) or tarp is a large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant or waterproof material, often cloth such as canvas or polyester coated with polyurethane, or made of plastics such as polyethylene. Tarpaulins often have reinforced ...

s were used for covering the framework. The yaranga was surrounded by sod or planking around the base. There was a smaller cabin within the yaranga at the rear, used for sleeping and living. It was separated from the outer, cooler parts of the yaranga with haired reindeer skins and grass, supported by a cage-like framework. In the language of Chaplino Eskimos, it was called , a word borrowed from the

Chukchi language Chukchi , also known as Chukot, is a Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages, Chukotko–Kamchatkan language spoken by the Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The language is closely related to Koryak ...

. Household duties were done in the larger outer room of the yaranga in front of this inner building. In winter storms, and also at night, the dogs were there. This room for economical purposes was called . Рубцова 1954: 100–101 There were also other types of buildings among Chaplino Eskimos: was a modernized type, and was used for summer. Рубцова 1954: 521

Notes

References

Latin

Cyrillic

* The transliteration of author's name, and the rendering of title in English:

External links

* * Rendering in English: ''

Ungazik Providensky District (russian: Провиде́нский райо́н; Chukchi: , ''Urèlḳujym rajon''; Yupik: Уӷрилӄуйым район) is an administrativeLaw #33-OZ and municipalLaw #45-OZ district (raion), one of the six in Chukotka ...

settlement'',

Kunstkamera The Kunstkamera (russian: Кунсткамера) or Kunstkammer (German for "Culture Room" (literally) or "Art Chamber", typically used for a " cabinet of curiosities") is a public museum located on the Universitetskaya Embankment in Saint Pet ...

Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...

. Old photos about former life of a Siberian Yupik settlement, including those of a various house types, both inside and outside. *
Photographic collection of A.S.Forshtein in the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences
{{Huts House types Portable buildings and shelters Tents Yupik culture Siberian Yupik