Yanzhou (
postal: Yenchow; ) is a
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
in the prefecture-level city of
Jining
Jining () is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province. It borders Heze to the southwest, Zaozhuang to the southeast, Tai'an to the northeast, and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively. Jining ...
, in the southwest of
Shandong
Shandong ( , ; ; alternately romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the East China region.
Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilizati ...
province, People's Republic of China. It was also the name of one of the
Nine Provinces
The term Nine Provinces or Nine Regions (), is used in ancient Chinese histories to refer to territorial divisions or islands during the Xia and Shang dynasties and has now come to symbolically represent China. "Province" is the word used to t ...
in ancient China, where
Yu combated floods by water control.
Administration
Yanzhou District administers six
subdistricts A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district.
Equivalents
* Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language
* Kelurahan, in Indonesia
* Mukim, a township in Brunei, Indon ...
and six
towns
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
:
Subdistricts ()
Towns ()
History
Yanzhou was the first place to install the "school-fields" ''xuetian'' in 1022, during the Song dynasty.
In early European sources, based on accounts by French missionaries, the name of Yanzhou (
Fu) is transcribed in the contemporary French manner, as Yen-tcheou-fou; however, when reading 18th- and 19th-century books in French or English, care should be taken not to confuse Yanzhou in Shandong with the identically transcribed
Yanzhou
Yanzhou ( postal: Yenchow; ) is a district in the prefecture-level city of Jining, in the southwest of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It was also the name of one of the Nine Provinces in ancient China, where Yu combated floods by ...
in
Zhejiang
Zhejiang ( or , ; , also romanized as Chekiang) is an eastern, coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable cities include Ningbo and Wenzhou. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiang ...
.
Geology
The land structure of the Yinzhou area belongs to the Luxi fault block uplift (level III) and the Zhangzhou fault (Grade IV) unit. The eastern part of the boundary is the Yishan fault, the west is the Sunshidian fault, and the north is the Wensi fault. It is the Fushan fault. Yanzhou is part of it. The basement is the metamorphic rock series of the
Mount Tai
Mount Tai () is a mountain of historical and cultural significance located north of the city of Tai'an. It is the highest point in Shandong province, China. The tallest peak is the '' Jade Emperor Peak'' (), which is commonly reported as being t ...
Group. The
Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
The name ''Paleozoic'' ( ;) was coined by the British geologist Adam Sedgwick in 1838
by combining the Greek words ''palaiós'' (, "old") and ' ...
,
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era ( ), also called the Age of Reptiles, the Age of Conifers, and colloquially as the Age of the Dinosaurs is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceo ...
and
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants, a cooling and drying climate, and the current configura ...
strata are developed above the basement. Among them, rich industrial coal seams are formed in the Late Paleozoic strata, which is an important base for Yanzhou becoming national coal resources. The tectonic movement in the territory has shaped various structural topography, which are roughly two types of fault structure and fold structure. The strata of all walks of life are developed from the old to the new for the Early Paleozoic strata, the Paleozoic strata, the Mesozoic strata, and the
Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
stratigraphic strata. In the early Paleozoic, the horizon was in a state of slow decline, with large-scale transgression, and the deposition of thick shallow sand shale and carbonate rock formations. The Ordovician rocks in the Paleozoic are mainly light gray and gray thick layered
limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...
, crystalline limestone and leopard skin limestone; the Carboniferous rocks are mainly gray-white siltstone, clay rock, shale and thin layer limestone. Several layers of coal; the two rocks are mainly grayish white, dark gray sandstone and variegated mudstone and brown shale, rich in plant fossils. The Mesozoic Jurassic rocks are mainly brown sandstone, conglomerate, variegated mudstone and glutenite. The Cenozoic is made up of Tertiary and Quaternary strata. The Tertiary is sandstone, sticky sandstone, and mudstone; the Quaternary strata are loose rock formations composed of Wenyu alluvial deposits. The west is the Wenhe alluvial fan, the east is the Weihe alluvial fan, and the two overlapping alluvial fans are located in the area of Qianqian-Da'an-Tianqi Temple.
Yanzhou District is located in the sloping plain of the southwestern part of the Mount Tai in the Luzhong Mountains. The west is flooded by the flood waters, and the flood alluvial landforms are obvious; the eastern waters are discharged to the southwest, and the terrain is inclined from the northeast to the southwest; the central Guangfu River and the Yangjiahe River are parallel and the terrain is low. The ground elevation is 60~38 meters, the height difference is 22 meters and the average elevation is 49 meters, and the average slope is 1/1500. The northeast is affected by the structure and is a shallow buried area of the Tertiary, with a large slope on the ground. The plain area is 64,670 hectares, accounting for 99.7% of the total area; it is divided into three types: micro-sloping ground, depression and slow-moving. The area is 45,601 hectares, accounting for 70.35% of the total area; the area is 12276.9 hectares, accounting for 18.94% of the total area; the area is 6792.2 hectares, accounting for 10.48% of the total area.
The hills in the territory belong to the bedrock of the Mount Tai hidden under the Quaternary cover. There is a hill 15 kilometers west of the city, named Ziyang Mountain. It is the only hill in Yanzhou. It is a bare hill of the Ordovician limestone. It is a low hill type. It is divided into two peaks, east peak is 75 meters above sea level, and west peak is 72.5 meters above sea level. The mountain is spread from east to west, 1.5 kilometers long and one kilometer wide, covering an area of 1.5 square kilometers. The rock is limestone, and the Qing Dynasty has been sporadic mining, although it is forbidden. In the later period of the "
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goal ...
", the trees on the mountain were cut down, and the mountain quarry was cut off. The East Peak had become a deep valley, and the west peak still existed.
Climate
Yanzhou has a
monsoon
A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...
-influenced, four-season
humid continental
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
climate (Köppen ''Dwa''). Winters are cold and dry while summers are hot and humid. Monthly daily average temperatures range from in January to , while the annual mean temperature is . More than 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September, with barely any occurring in the winter months. The city receives 2,461 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Economy
2012 GDP reached 50.62 billion yuan, up 13.1 percent; local fiscal revenue 3.008 billion yuan, an increase of 22.65%; major economic indicators higher than the provincial average, income growth higher than the GDP growth rate of urban and rural residents. First three quarters of 2012, the GDP of 41.35 billion yuan, an increase of 11.9%; 1–10 months, local fiscal revenue 3.13 billion yuan, up 14.4 percent; 17.94 billion yuan in fixed assets investment, an increase of 22.9%.
Yanzhou Coal Mining Company
Yanzhou Coal Mining Company Limited (), majority owned by Yankuang Group, is a coal mining company in Mainland China. It is engaged in underground mining coal preparation and sales, and railway transportation service of coal. Its products are mai ...
is headquartered in Yanzhou.
The economic aggregate has reached a new level. According to preliminary calculations, in 2017, the region's Gross Regional Product (
GDP
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is often ...
) exceeded 70 billion yuan, reaching 72.312 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.7% at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 4.659 billion yuan, up 2.8% year-on-year; the added value of the secondary industry was 39.699 billion yuan, up 6.1% year-on-year; the added value of the tertiary industry was 27.954 billion yuan, up 8.4% year-on-year. According to the industry, the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 4.794 billion yuan, up 3.2%; the industrial added value was 35.909 billion yuan, up 6.8%; the construction industry added value was 3.808 billion yuan, down 0.4%; the wholesale and retail industry added value was 7.805 billion yuan. , an increase of 1.9%; transportation, warehousing and postal industry added value of 2.267 billion yuan, an increase of 8.6%; accommodation and catering industry added value of 891 million yuan, an increase of 2.6%; financial industry added value of 2.094 billion yuan, an increase of 12%; real estate industry The added value was 1.197 billion yuan, an increase of 4.9%; the added value of other service industries was 13.547 billion yuan, an increase of 12.6%. The three industrial structure ratios were adjusted from 7.3:54.5:38.2 in 2016 to 6.4:54.9:38.7 in 2017. The value added of the service industry accounted for 38.7%, an increase of 0.5 percentage points over the same period of the previous year. The per capita GDP of the region reached 113,217 yuan (converted to an annual average exchange rate of 16,769 US dollars), which was 6.2% higher at comparable prices.
[(Chines]
"兖州区2017年国民经济与社会发展,Yanzhou District National Economic and Social Development in 2017"
/ref>
Transportation
*Beijing–Shanghai Railway
The Beijing–Shanghai railway or Jinghu railway () is a railway line between Beijing and Shanghai.
The line has a total length of and connects the municipalities of Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, as well as the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, ...
*Yanzhou–Shijiusuo Railway The Yanzhou–Shijiusuo railway or Yanshi railway (), is a railroad in northern China between Yanzhou and Rizhao railway station (formerly known as Shijiusuo railway station) in Rizhao. The entire line, in length, is located in Shandong Province a ...
* Xinxiang–Yanzhou Railway
*Rizhao–Lankao high-speed railway
The Rizhao–Lankao high-speed railway is a high-speed railway in Shandong and Henan, China.
History
The initial section, from to , opened on 26 November 2019, connecting Rizhao on the Yellow Sea coast with Qufu, home of Confucius and a major t ...
: Jining East railway station
Jining () is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province. It borders Heze to the southwest, Zaozhuang to the southeast, Tai'an to the northeast, and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively. Jining ...
(济宁东站)
Historic Sites
References
External links
Government website of Yanzhou
(in Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean)
Yanzhou Daily on Net
(in Simplified Chinese)
{{Authority control
Cities in Shandong
Jining