Tringë Smajl Martini Ivezaj (1880 – 2 November 1917), known simply as Tringe Smajli, and as Yanitza outside Albania, was an

Albanian Albanian may refer to: *Pertaining to Albania in Southeast Europe; in particular: **Albanians, an ethnic group native to the Balkans **Albanian language **Albanian culture **Demographics of Albania, includes other ethnic groups within the country ...

guerrilla fighter who fought against the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

in the

Malësia Malësia e Madhe ("Great Highlands"), known simply as Malësia ( sq, Malësia, cnr, / ), is a historical and ethnographic region in northern Albania and eastern central Montenegro corresponding to the highlands of the geographical subdivision ...

region. She was the daughter of

Smajl Martini Smajl Martini Ivezaj (born ca. 1850, Grudë, Ottoman Albania - dead 1889 Diyarbakır) was an Albanian bajraktar from the Grude tribe who led the Albanian forces against the ottomans and montenegrins. He led his forces against Montenegrins and ...

, a Catholic clan leader of the Grudë tribe of Malësia.

Family

She was born in 1880. Her father Smajl Martini was an Albanian clan leader of the Grudë tribe (located in southeastern

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). Her signature shows up in the protest-petitions of northern Albanian tribes sent to European ambassadors and counsels accredited in the

, i.e. the one of May 9, 1878 sent to French Ambassador in

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

, or the one of June 15, 1878. The petitions expressed the dismay and disapproval of the Albanian tribes to the decisions of the Treaty of San Stefano and Congress of Berlin, which had granted much of the Scutari Vilayet to the

Principality of Montenegro The Principality of Montenegro ( sr, Књажевина Црна Горa, Knjaževina Crna Gora) was a principality in Southeastern Europe that existed from 13 March 1852 to 28 August 1910. It was then proclaimed a kingdom by Nikola I, who then ...

. She became very active during the League of Prizren, joining the rebels until the organization's end; she was later arrested in 1886, and imprisoned in

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

, from where she never returned. In addition, Smajl's two sons, Gjon and Zef, Tringe's brothers, also joined the League and were killed in battle in 1883.

Biography

At the time of her brothers' deaths, Tringe sworn that she would stay at her family home and that she would never get married or leave the house. She kept living and acting as a woman, and she kept wearing the Albanian traditional women costume, as seen on all of her pictures. Tringe joined the rebels and distinguished herself in the Battle of Deçiq. She participated in the Gërçe Memorandum, on June 23, 1911. Her rebel activity continued after the

Albanian Declaration of Independence The Albanian Declaration of Independence ( Albanian: ''Deklarata e Pavarësisë'') was the declaration of independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire. Independent Albania was proclaimed in Vlorë on 28 November 1912. Six days later the Assem ...

(28 November 1912). She never married and never had children, as she had earlier taken the vow. She died on November 2, 1917, and was buried at the family burial grounds in the Gruda mountains within the village of Kshevë, in today's

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

. Two years later, the Montenegrin army (part of the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

) destroyed her grave while raiding the area.

Legacy

Her heroism made her famous and was recorded in epic songs of Montenegrins and Albanians. The folkloric version of her heroism tells a slightly different chain of events: Smajl Martini, the clan leader was kidnapped in 1911 in Vranje by the Ottomans, and his body was never recovered, forcing Tringe to occupy her father's place. Since the Malissori uprising of 1911 was backed up by King Nikola Petrović, the epic song excluded the real story of her father death, hiding any reminiscence of the League of Prizren period, which would bring back territorial disputes between Albanians and the Kingdom of Montenegro. Ironically, the conflict between Albanians and Montenegro would be repeated shortly after. In 1911, the

New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid d ...

described Tringe Smajli as the "Albanian

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (french: link=yes, Jeanne d'Arc, translit= �an daʁk} ; 1412 – 30 May 1431) is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the coronati ...

", based on the Montenegrin version of the story which was heard somewhere in Podgorica by the Times correspondent. It describes Tringe as "a beautiful young woman" in addition to her heroism. Her legend lives on throughout the

Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

as one of the most heroic women warriors in the history of the region. Several streets in Kosovo and Albania are named after her and she is regarded a People's Hero of Albania.

References

Bibliography

Martini, Luigj, 2005 ''Prek Cali, Kelmendi Dhe Kelmendasit''
Publisher: Camaj-Pipaj
Uli, Prenk, 1969 ''Tringa of Gruda: biography of Tringe Smajli''
( sq, Tringa e Grudës : skicë jetëshkrimi e Tringë Smailes, 1870-1917)

OCLC OCLC, Inc., doing business as OCLC, See also: is an American nonprofit cooperative organization "that provides shared technology services, original research, and community programs for its membership and the library community at large". It was ...

24539756 Publisher: Shtëpia Botuese "Naim Frashëri", Tirana {{DEFAULTSORT:Tringe Smajli 1880 births 1917 deaths Albanian women in warfare Rebels from the Ottoman Empire Albanian rebels Albanian Roman Catholics Malsorë Activists of the Albanian National Awakening Albanians from the Ottoman Empire Military personnel from Podgorica Women in war 1900–1945 Albanians in Montenegro People from Scutari vilayet 19th-century Albanian military personnel 20th-century Albanian military personnel 19th-century Albanian people 20th-century Albanian people