Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
: ) was a
geostationary
A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit''Geostationary orbit'' and ''Geosynchronous (equatorial) orbit'' are used somewhat interchangeably in sources. (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit in altitude ...
communications satellite
A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunication signals via a transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth. C ...
RSC Energia
PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва, Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya "Energiya" im. S. P. Korolyov ...
. It was, along with
Yamal-101
Yamal-101 (Russian: ) was a geostationary communications satellite operated by Gazprom Space Systems and built by RSC Energia. It was, along with Yamal-102 the first communications satellite of the Yamal programme and the first iteration of t ...
the first communications satellite of the Yamal programme and the first iteration of the USP Bus. It was a satellite with 2200
watt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named after James Wa ...
s of power (1300 watts available for the payload) on an unpressurized bus. It had eight SPT-70electric thrusters by
OKB Fakel
EDB Fakel (Russian ''ОКБ "Факел"'') is a Russian electric propulsion system development company. It is located in Kaliningrad in Kaliningrad Oblast. It was founded in 1955 as a ''Propulsion laboratory'' of the Soviet Academy of Sciences; ...
transponders
In telecommunications, a transponder is a device that, upon receiving a signal, emits a different signal in response. The term is a blend of ''transmitter'' and ''responder''.
In air navigation or radio frequency identification, a flight trans ...
supplied by
Space Systems/Loral
SSL, formerly Space Systems/Loral, LLC (SS/L), of Palo Alto, California, is a wholly owned manufacturing subsidiary of Maxar Technologies.
SSL designs and builds satellites and space systems for a wide variety of government and commercial cust ...
.
History
It was launched along Yamal-101 on 6 September 1999 at 16:36:00 UTC from
Baikonur
Baikonur ( kk, Байқоңыр, ; russian: Байконур, translit=Baykonur), formerly known as Leninsk, is a city of republic significance in Kazakhstan on the northern bank of the Syr Darya river. It is currently leased and administered ...
Proton-K
The Proton-K, also designated Proton 8K82K after its GRAU index or SL-12 after its model number, 8K82K, was a Russian, previously Soviet, carrier rocket derived from the earlier Proton. It was built by Khrunichev, and launched from sites 81 and ...
geostationary orbit
A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit''Geostationary orbit'' and ''Geosynchronous (equatorial) orbit'' are used somewhat interchangeably in sources. (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit in altitud ...
. While its twin Yamal-101 failed, Yamal-102 successfully deployed and was commissioned into service. On 9 August 2010, it was decommissioned and sent to a
graveyard orbit
A graveyard orbit, also called a junk orbit or disposal orbit, is an orbit that lies away from common operational orbits. One significant graveyard orbit is a supersynchronous orbit well beyond geosynchronous orbit. Some satellites are moved int ...
. The satellite lasted 11 years and 2 months, a bit short of the design life of 12 years.
Rename to Yamal-101
Right after
solar panel
A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic (PV) module, PV panel or solar panel is an assembly of photovoltaic solar cells mounted in a (usually rectangular) frame, and a neatly organised collection of PV panels is called a photo ...
deployment Yamal-101 failed irreparably. Thus,
Gazprom Space Systems
OJSC Gazprom Space Systems (russian: ОАО «Газпром космические системы»), previously known as (Gazcom) (russian: «Газком»), is a Russian communications satellite operator and developer.
Overview
Gascom currentl ...
registered Yamal-102 as Yamal-101. This has caused significant confusion but the records are clear that the satellite that failed was, in fact, the original Yamal-101.
See also
*
Yamal 101
Yamal-101 (Russian language, Russian: ) was a geostationary orbit, geostationary communications satellite operated by Gazprom Space Systems and built by Energia (corporation), RSC Energia. It was, along with Yamal-102 the first communications s ...
– Twin satellite that was launched together and failed at separation
* Yamal – Communication satellite family operated by Gazprom Space Systems
*
Gazprom Space Systems
OJSC Gazprom Space Systems (russian: ОАО «Газпром космические системы»), previously known as (Gazcom) (russian: «Газком»), is a Russian communications satellite operator and developer.
Overview
Gascom currentl ...
– Satellite communication division of the Russian oil giant
Gazprom
PJSC Gazprom ( rus, Газпром, , ɡɐzˈprom) is a Russian majority state-owned multinational energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg. As of 2019, with sales over $120 billion, it was ranked as the larges ...
* USP Bus – The satellite bus on which Yamal-101 is based
*
RSC Energia
PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва, Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya "Energiya" im. S. P. Korolyov ...
– The designer and manufacturer of the Yamal-101 satellite