Xie Juezai (; 1884–1971), also known by his

courtesy name A courtesy name (), also known as a style name, is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one's given name. This practice is a tradition in the East Asian cultural sphere, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.Ulrich Theo ...

Huannan and his

alias Alias may refer to: * Pseudonym * Pen name * Nickname Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''Alias'' (2013 film), a 2013 Canadian documentary film * ''Alias'' (TV series), an American action thriller series 2001–2006 * ''Alias the J ...

Juezhai, was a Chinese

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, ...

activist Activism (or Advocacy) consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in social, political, economic or environmental reform with the desire to make changes in society toward a perceived greater good. Forms of activism range fro ...

, and the President of the

Supreme People's Court The Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China (SPC; ) is the highest court of the People's Republic of China. It hears appeals of cases from the high people's courts and is the trial court for cases about matters of nation ...

. His main works are collected in "The Collected Works of Xie Juezai".

Biography

In his early years, he taught at Hunan Provincial First Normal School. From 1918 to 1919, under the influence of progressive ideology, he actively participated in the

May Fourth Movement The May Fourth Movement was a Chinese anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement which grew out of student protests in Beijing on May 4, 1919. Students gathered in front of Tiananmen (The Gate of Heavenly Peace) to protest the Chin ...

and founded the "Ningxiang Xunkan". In August 1920, he served as

editor-in-chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The highest-ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing ...

Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangx ...

Popular News. In January 1921, he joined the Xinmin Society founded by

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; also Romanization of Chinese, romanised traditionally as Mao Tse-tung. (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the List of national founde ...

and others. In 1923, he joined the Chinese

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Ta ...

. In 1925, he joined the

Chinese Communist Party The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Ci ...

(CCP), and in early 1926, he served as editor-in-chief of the Communist Party's publication "Hunan Bimonthly". In the summer of the same year, he served as editor of "Hunan Daily" and editor-in-chief of "Hunan People's Daily". In the same year, he was elected as the executive member of the provincial party department at the second Kuomintang Hunan Provincial Party Congress, and served as the Minister of the Workers' Department. In 1927, he organized a party school in the name of the Kuomintang Provincial Party Department and served as the principal. In March 1928, he went to

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Chinese, Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four Direct-administered municipalities of China, direct-administered municipalities of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the ...

to edit the Red Flag, a publication of the

Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a political body that comprises the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It is currently composed of 205 fu ...

. In 1930, he was in charge of the organization and leadership of Shanghai Poster, founded by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. In the autumn of 1931, he entered the revolutionary base in western Hunan and

Hubei Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The p ...

, and served as

secretary-general Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...

of the Western Hunan-Hubei Provincial Party Committee, deputy minister of the Ministry of Culture, and editor-in-chief of "Workers and Peasants Daily". Later, he was transferred to the Education Director of the Party School of the Provincial Party Committee. In 1933, he entered the Central Soviet Area and served as secretary of the Provisional Central Government of the

Chinese Soviet Republic The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) was an East Asian proto-state in China, proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by Chinese communist leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the early stages of the Chinese Civil War. The discontiguous territories of t ...

and Mao Zedong. In January 1934, he served as secretary-general and minister of interior affairs of the Central Workers' and Peasants' Democratic Government, as well as secretary of the Party branch of the central government agency. In October of the same year, he participated in the

Long March The Long March (, lit. ''Long Expedition'') was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the National Army of the Chinese ...

. After arriving in

northern Shaanxi Shaanbei () or Northern Shaanxi is the portion of China's Shaanxi province north of the Huanglong Mountain and the Meridian Ridge (the so-called " Guanzhong north mountains"), and is both a geographic as well as a cultural area. It makes up the ...

in 1935, he served as Minister of Internal Affairs and Secretary General of the Central Workers' and Peasants' Democratic Government. At the beginning of 1937, he served as Attorney General and Acting President of the Supreme Court and Chairman of the Audit Committee. After the

Marco Polo Bridge Incident The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, also known as the Lugou Bridge Incident () or the July 7 Incident (), was a July 1937 battle between China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army. Since the Japanese invasion of Manchuri ...

, he served as the representative of the Eighth Route Army Office of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in

Lanzhou Lanzhou (, ; ) is the capital and largest city of Gansu Province in Northwest China. Located on the banks of the Yellow River, it is a key regional transportation hub, connecting areas further west by rail to the eastern half of the country. H ...

. In 1939, he was appointed vice president of the

Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party The Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party (), commonly known as the Central Party School (), located in Beijing, is the higher education institution which trains Chinese Communist Party (CCP) cadres. As of 2012, it has around 1,60 ...

. In 1940, he served as deputy secretary of the Central Bureau of the

Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Shaan–Gan–Ning or in postal romanization Shen–Kan–Ning () was a historical proto-state that was formed in 1937 by the Chinese Communist Party following the collapse of the Chinese Soviet Republic in agreement with the Kuomintang as a part ...

of the CCP. In 1942, he served as the vice-chairman of the Senate of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. In June 1946, he was appointed chairman of the Legal Issues Research Committee of the Central Committee of the CCP. In 1948, he served as a member of the North China People's Government and Minister of Justice. In September 1949, he participated in the first plenary session of the

Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC, zh, 中国人民政治协商会议), also known as the People's PCC (, ) or simply the PCC (), is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of ...

. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served successively as Minister of Internal Affairs of the Central People's Government, member of the Legislative Affairs Committee of the Central People's Government, member of the Political and Legal Committee of the Government Affairs Council, and Vice President of the New Law Research Institute. In September 1956, he was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the

8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party The 8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in two sessions, the first 15–27 September 1956 and the second 5–23 May 1958 in Beijing. It was the first Congress of the Chinese Communist Party since the start of it taking ...

. In April 1959, he was appointed President of the

. From December 1964 to 1971, he served as vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In May 1966, he was appointed as a member of the Central Committee at the Eleventh Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Personal life

He has a son named Xie Fei who is a film director.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xie, Juezai 1884 births 1971 deaths People from Ningxiang Presidents of the Supreme People's Court People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan Politicians from Changsha Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 20th-century Chinese judges 19th-century Chinese judges Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery